v0.0.6 - Tier-1 TCP listener + FIPS deployment documentation

Dockerfile.alpine-musl

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ RUN gcc -static -Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wl,--gc-sections -s -Wa
     /build/src/dispatcher.c \
     /build/src/policy.c \
     /build/src/server.c \
+    /build/src/transport_frame.c \
     /build/src/key_store.c \
     /build/src/socket_name.c \
     /build/nostr_core_lib/libnostr_core_x64.a \

Makefile

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ SOURCES := \
 	$(SRC_DIR)/dispatcher.c \
 	$(SRC_DIR)/policy.c \
 	$(SRC_DIR)/server.c \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/transport_frame.c \
 	$(SRC_DIR)/key_store.c \
 	$(SRC_DIR)/socket_name.c
 

README.md

@@ -237,6 +237,9 @@ Naming rules:
 Discovery:
 
 - `nsigner list` enumerates currently bound `nsigner_*` abstract sockets by reading `/proc/net/unix`.
+- `nsigner --listen stdio` runs one framed JSON-RPC request/response over stdin/stdout.
+- `nsigner --listen qrexec` is the same stdio framing mode, but caller identity can be derived from `QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN` (displayed as `qubes:<source-vm>`).
+- `nsigner --listen tcp:127.0.0.1:PORT` (or `tcp:[::1]:PORT`) enables loopback-only TCP listening for non-AF_UNIX clients.
 
 ### 7.2 ESP32 MCU: USB-CDC serial
 
@@ -288,6 +291,24 @@ To force a specific socket name (e.g. for scripted clients):
 nsigner --name my_test_signer
 ```
 
+Qubes/qrexec service mode (single framed request over stdin/stdout):
+
+```bash
+nsigner --listen qrexec
+```
+
+Generic stdio transport mode (single framed request over stdin/stdout):
+
+```bash
+nsigner --listen stdio
+```
+
+TCP loopback transport mode (no TUI; serves requests until terminated):
+
+```bash
+nsigner --listen tcp:127.0.0.1:8080
+```
+
 ### 9.2 Send a request (client mode)
 
 From another terminal, target the signer by its socket name:
@@ -365,6 +386,9 @@ Static build:
 ## 11. Document map
 
 - [`README.md`](README.md): authoritative behavior specification for the foreground single-program model
+- [`documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md): client integration contract and framing behavior
+- [`documents/QUBES_OS.md`](documents/QUBES_OS.md): Qubes OS deployment/integration checklist for dedicated signer qubes
+- [`documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md`](documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md): Tier-1 FIPS deployment runbook using loopback TCP listener
 - [`plans/nsigner.md`](plans/nsigner.md): implementation plan and sequencing
 - [`plans/seed_phrase_uses.md`](plans/seed_phrase_uses.md): seed phrase domain/use catalog and caveats
 - [`firmware/README.md`](firmware/README.md): firmware-side notes for MCU transport/UI integration

documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md

@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ It is written for agent/tool authors implementing robust request flows against t
 
 ## 2. Discovery and socket targeting
 
-`nsigner` listens on Linux AF_UNIX **abstract namespace** sockets.
+`nsigner` currently supports two transport families:
+
+- Linux AF_UNIX **abstract namespace** sockets.
+- Stdio framed mode (`--listen stdio` and `--listen qrexec`) for one request/response exchange.
+
+For AF_UNIX:
 
 - Socket names are exposed in `/proc/net/unix` with a leading `@`.
 - Typical runtime names: `@nsigner_hairy_dog`, `@nsigner_brave_canyon`.
@@ -40,6 +45,15 @@ Expected output format (one per line):
 
 Clients should accept both `@nsigner` and `@nsigner_*` names.
 
+### 2.3 Stdio / qrexec mode
+
+In server mode:
+
+- `nsigner --listen stdio`: reads exactly one framed request from stdin and writes one framed response to stdout.
+- `nsigner --listen qrexec`: same behavior, but caller identity may be tagged from `QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN` as `qubes:<vm-name>`.
+
+This mode is server-side only in the current CLI (the `client` subcommand still targets AF_UNIX).
+
 ---
 
 ## 3. Transport framing

documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md
+
+## 1. Scope
+
+This runbook covers a practical Tier-1 deployment of `nsigner` over a loopback TCP listener, with connectivity provided by FIPS as the network substrate.
+
+Tier-1 objective:
+
+- Keep `nsigner` transport simple (`--listen tcp:127.0.0.1:PORT` or `--listen tcp:[::1]:PORT`).
+- Use FIPS to carry traffic between peers.
+- Do not add FIPS runtime dependencies into `nsigner`.
+
+Out of scope in this document:
+
+- Remote non-loopback TCP exposure (`--allow-remote`, TLS) planned for later phase.
+- Automatic caller->npub enrichment from FIPS session metadata.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Architecture
+
+Two cooperating layers:
+
+1. **Signer process layer** (`nsigner`)
+   - Listens on loopback TCP only.
+   - Uses existing 4-byte big-endian framed JSON-RPC protocol.
+   - Keeps existing policy/prompt behavior.
+
+2. **Network substrate layer** (FIPS)
+   - Establishes peer connectivity between nodes/qubes.
+   - Carries application traffic to a local loopback endpoint on each side.
+
+Conceptually:
+
+`client app -> local FIPS endpoint -> FIPS mesh -> remote FIPS endpoint -> 127.0.0.1:PORT -> nsigner`
+
+---
+
+## 3. Prerequisites
+
+On signer host/qube:
+
+- Built `nsigner` binary.
+- FIPS installed and running.
+- Local firewall policy that keeps signer listener local-only.
+
+On caller host/qube:
+
+- FIPS installed and peered with signer host/qube.
+- A client implementation that speaks `nsigner` framed JSON-RPC (see `documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`).
+
+Operational assumptions:
+
+- Operator controls both endpoints.
+- Manual verification of peer identity is performed in FIPS tooling before enabling signer traffic.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Start signer in Tier-1 TCP mode
+
+Run `nsigner` in loopback TCP listen mode:
+
+```bash
+./build/nsigner --listen tcp:127.0.0.1:8080
+```
+
+Or IPv6 loopback:
+
+```bash
+./build/nsigner --listen tcp:[::1]:8080
+```
+
+Behavior notes:
+
+- Non-loopback values are rejected by design.
+- No TUI hotkey loop is required in TCP mode; process serves requests until terminated.
+- Caller identity is shown as a TCP endpoint descriptor in activity/prompt context.
+
+---
+
+## 5. FIPS substrate wiring pattern
+
+Because FIPS deployment topologies vary, use this generic pattern:
+
+1. Bind `nsigner` on loopback in signer environment.
+2. Configure FIPS service/forwarding so remote authenticated peer traffic is delivered to that loopback endpoint.
+3. On caller side, direct client traffic to the local FIPS ingress endpoint for that remote service.
+
+Validation checklist:
+
+- FIPS session is established between caller and signer nodes.
+- Transport path from caller -> signer loopback endpoint succeeds.
+- `nsigner` receives framed request and returns framed response.
+
+---
+
+## 6. Minimal validation flow
+
+### 6.1 Liveness check
+
+From caller side, send a framed `get_public_key` request through the FIPS-backed endpoint.
+
+Request JSON:
+
+```json
+{"id":"1","method":"get_public_key","params":[]}
+```
+
+Expected response:
+
+```json
+{"id":"1","result":"<hex_pubkey>"}
+```
+
+### 6.2 Signing check
+
+Send `sign_event` with explicit role selector:
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "2",
+  "method": "sign_event",
+  "params": ["<event_json>", {"role":"main"}]
+}
+```
+
+Expected result: signed event JSON in `result`.
+
+### 6.3 Negative check (policy)
+
+Trigger a request path that requires prompt/denial and confirm client handles policy denial as a normal result path.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Security guardrails
+
+- Keep listener loopback-only in Tier-1.
+- Do not expose signer port directly on LAN/WAN.
+- Keep FIPS peer allowlist tight; avoid broad trust domains.
+- Treat FIPS connectivity as transport, not authorization bypass.
+- Preserve interactive approval where required by policy.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Troubleshooting
+
+### 8.1 `invalid tcp listen target`
+
+Cause:
+- `--listen` argument does not match `tcp:HOST:PORT` or `tcp:[::1]:PORT`.
+
+Fix:
+- Use explicit loopback host and valid numeric port.
+
+### 8.2 `non-loopback TCP bind denied`
+
+Cause:
+- Attempt to bind non-loopback target in Tier-1 mode.
+
+Fix:
+- Switch to `127.x.x.x` or `::1` target.
+
+### 8.3 Framing parse failures (`parse_error`)
+
+Cause:
+- Client sent line-delimited/raw JSON instead of framed JSON.
+
+Fix:
+- Send 4-byte big-endian length prefix followed by exact UTF-8 JSON payload bytes.
+
+### 8.4 FIPS path up, signer path down
+
+Cause:
+- FIPS session exists but forwarding/service mapping to signer loopback endpoint is missing.
+
+Fix:
+- Verify substrate service routing config and local endpoint mapping.
+
+---
+
+## 9. Next hardening steps (post Tier-1)
+
+- Add automated two-node validation script for operator smoke checks.
+- Add optional identity enrichment from FIPS session metadata (`peer_npub`).
+- Introduce remote TCP mode only with mandatory TLS + authenticated caller key flow.

documents/QUBES_OS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# QUBES_OS.md
+
+## 1. Goal
+
+Run `n_signer` inside a dedicated Qubes OS qube (for example `vault`-like behavior), and let caller qubes access signing via qrexec with explicit policy control.
+
+This doc outlines what must be implemented/packaged for a reliable Qubes deployment path.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Current status (where we are now)
+
+Implemented in current codebase:
+
+- `nsigner` supports `--listen qrexec` and `--listen stdio`.
+- Framing is transport-agnostic and shared via length-prefixed JSON (`4-byte big-endian length + payload`).
+- In qrexec/stdio mode, server handles one framed request-response exchange.
+- Caller identity extraction supports `QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN`, surfaced as `qubes:<source-vm>` when available.
+
+Still missing for complete Qubes integration:
+
+- qrexec service file + wrapper script artifacts.
+- dom0 qrexec policy artifacts with sane defaults.
+- install/uninstall guidance and verification flow for real Qubes deployment.
+- packaging path (`packaging/qubes/`) and docs wired into README map.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Architecture in Qubes
+
+### 3.1 Components
+
+- **Signer qube** (target): runs `nsigner` service entrypoint.
+- **Caller qube(s)**: apps/tools invoking qrexec service.
+- **dom0 policy**: controls which caller qubes may invoke signer service.
+
+### 3.2 Request path
+
+1. Caller qube invokes qrexec service (e.g. `qubes.NsignerRpc`).
+2. qrexec starts service command inside signer qube.
+3. Service command runs `nsigner --listen qrexec`.
+4. Caller sends framed JSON-RPC request over qrexec stdio channel.
+5. `nsigner` returns framed JSON-RPC response.
+
+### 3.3 Trust and identity
+
+- Source qube identity comes from `QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN`.
+- `n_signer` maps caller as `qubes:<source-vm>` where available.
+- qrexec policy in dom0 remains first enforcement boundary.
+- `n_signer` policy/approval remains second boundary.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Required implementation tasks
+
+## 4.1 Service entrypoint artifacts ✅ Implemented
+
+Implemented repo artifacts:
+
+- `packaging/qubes/rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc`
+- `packaging/qubes/install-service.sh`
+
+`qubes.NsignerRpc` runs:
+
+- `exec /usr/local/bin/nsigner --listen qrexec`
+
+Install inside the signer qube:
+
+```bash
+sudo sh packaging/qubes/install-service.sh
+```
+
+This installs the qrexec service to `/etc/qubes-rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc` with executable permissions.
+
+## 4.2 dom0 policy artifacts ✅ Implemented
+
+Implemented repo artifacts:
+
+- `packaging/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy`
+- `packaging/qubes/install-policy.sh`
+
+Policy defaults now use explicit `ask` plus deny catch-all:
+
+- `qubes.NsignerRpc * @anyvm @tag:nsigner-signer ask default_target=nsigner-vault`
+- `qubes.NsignerRpc * @anyvm @anyvm deny`
+
+Install in dom0:
+
+```bash
+sudo sh packaging/qubes/install-policy.sh
+```
+
+This installs `/etc/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy` and prints signer-tag guidance.
+
+## 4.3 Policy model inside n_signer for qubes callers ✅ Implemented
+
+Current code reads caller as `qubes:<vm>` and qrexec default behavior is hardened.
+
+In qrexec mode, default prompt behavior is now:
+
+- `PROMPT_EVERY_REQUEST`
+
+This replaces the previous permissive `PROMPT_NEVER` temporary setting.
+
+## 4.4 Client helper examples ✅ Implemented
+
+Added:
+
+- `documents/qubes_client_examples.md`
+
+Includes:
+
+- shell helper example invoking `qrexec-client-vm` with framed request/response handling
+- Python helper example implementing frame encode/decode over qrexec stdio channel
+- reference to `documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md` for full protocol details
+
+---
+
+## 5. Operational runbook
+
+## 5.1 Setup signer qube
+
+- install `nsigner` binary at `/usr/local/bin/nsigner`
+- run `sudo sh packaging/qubes/install-service.sh`
+- verify `/etc/qubes-rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc` exists and is executable
+
+## 5.2 Setup dom0 policy
+
+- run `sudo sh packaging/qubes/install-policy.sh`
+- tag signer qube (example): `qvm-tags nsigner-vault add nsigner-signer`
+- reload qrexec policy per Qubes procedure/version
+
+## 5.3 Verification
+
+- from caller qube, invoke test request (`get_public_key`)
+- confirm signer qube receives request
+- confirm activity log displays `qubes:<source-vm>` caller prefix
+- validate deny behavior from unauthorized qube
+
+## 5.4 Failure checks
+
+- malformed frame -> parse error response
+- missing policy -> deny path
+- missing `QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN` -> fallback identity path
+
+---
+
+## 6. Security requirements
+
+- Never run signer service in disposable qube if mnemonic persistence is expected.
+- Prefer dedicated minimal template for signer qube.
+- Keep qrexec policy narrowly scoped (explicit source + target).
+- Require user approval for sensitive methods unless explicitly intended otherwise.
+- Log caller identity and method (without secret payload logging).
+
+---
+
+## 7. Documentation tasks
+
+Update these after packaging lands:
+
+- `README.md`
+  - add Qubes deployment subsection under transport/usage
+  - add `documents/QUBES_OS.md` and moved `documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md` in document map
+- `plans/nsigner.md`
+  - mark T1 done with packaging status clearly separated
+
+---
+
+## 8. Definition of done (Qubes)
+
+Qubes integration is considered complete when:
+
+1. qrexec service artifact exists and is installable.
+2. dom0 policy artifact exists with secure default pattern.
+3. End-to-end call from allowed caller qube succeeds.
+4. Call from unauthorized qube is denied.
+5. Caller displayed as `qubes:<vm>` in activity.
+6. README + docs include full setup and troubleshooting.

documents/qubes_client_examples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# qubes_client_examples.md
+
+This document shows minimal caller-qube examples for invoking `nsigner --listen qrexec` through Qubes qrexec.
+
+For complete protocol details (framing, JSON-RPC, error handling), see `documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`.
+
+---
+
+## 1) Shell example (`qrexec-client-vm` + framed JSON)
+
+This sends one `get_public_key` request and decodes one framed response.
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+TARGET_QUBE="nsigner-vault"
+SERVICE="qubes.NsignerRpc"
+REQ='{"id":"1","method":"get_public_key","params":[]}'
+
+python3 - "$TARGET_QUBE" "$SERVICE" "$REQ" <<'PY'
+import json
+import struct
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+target, service, req_json = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
+frame = struct.pack(">I", len(req_json.encode("utf-8"))) + req_json.encode("utf-8")
+
+p = subprocess.Popen(
+    ["qrexec-client-vm", target, service],
+    stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+)
+out, _ = p.communicate(frame)
+if p.returncode != 0:
+    raise SystemExit(f"qrexec-client-vm failed: {p.returncode}")
+if len(out) < 4:
+    raise SystemExit("short response (missing frame header)")
+
+n = struct.unpack(">I", out[:4])[0]
+payload = out[4:4+n]
+if len(payload) != n:
+    raise SystemExit("short response payload")
+
+print(json.dumps(json.loads(payload.decode("utf-8")), indent=2))
+PY
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2) Python example (explicit frame helpers over qrexec stdio)
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import json
+import struct
+import subprocess
+
+
+def frame_encode(obj: dict) -> bytes:
+    payload = json.dumps(obj, separators=(",", ":")).encode("utf-8")
+    return struct.pack(">I", len(payload)) + payload
+
+
+def frame_decode(buf: bytes) -> dict:
+    if len(buf) < 4:
+        raise ValueError("missing frame header")
+    n = struct.unpack(">I", buf[:4])[0]
+    payload = buf[4:4 + n]
+    if len(payload) != n:
+        raise ValueError("short frame payload")
+    return json.loads(payload.decode("utf-8"))
+
+
+def call_nsigner_qrexec(target_qube: str, request: dict) -> dict:
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(
+        ["qrexec-client-vm", target_qube, "qubes.NsignerRpc"],
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
+    out, err = proc.communicate(frame_encode(request))
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"qrexec failed ({proc.returncode}): {err.decode('utf-8', 'replace')}")
+    return frame_decode(out)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    req = {"id": "1", "method": "get_public_key", "params": []}
+    resp = call_nsigner_qrexec("nsigner-vault", req)
+    print(json.dumps(resp, indent=2))
+```

packaging/qubes/install-policy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+POLICY_SRC="packaging/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy"
+POLICY_DST="/etc/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy"
+
+if [ ! -f "$POLICY_SRC" ]; then
+    echo "Missing policy source: $POLICY_SRC" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+install -m 0644 "$POLICY_SRC" "$POLICY_DST"
+
+echo "Installed qrexec policy to $POLICY_DST"
+echo "Tag your signer qube in dom0, for example:"
+echo "  qvm-tags nsigner-vault add nsigner-signer"
+echo "Then reload policy per your Qubes OS version procedures."

packaging/qubes/install-service.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+SERVICE_SRC="packaging/qubes/rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc"
+SERVICE_DST="/etc/qubes-rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc"
+
+if [ ! -f "$SERVICE_SRC" ]; then
+    echo "Missing service source: $SERVICE_SRC" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+install -m 0755 "$SERVICE_SRC" "$SERVICE_DST"
+
+echo "Installed qrexec service to $SERVICE_DST"
+echo "Executable bit set via install -m 0755."

packaging/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Qubes OS qrexec policy for nsigner
+# Syntax: service +argument source target action
+# Allow specific qubes to reach the signer qube with user confirmation
+qubes.NsignerRpc * @anyvm @tag:nsigner-signer ask default_target=nsigner-vault
+qubes.NsignerRpc * @anyvm @anyvm deny

packaging/qubes/rpc/qubes.NsignerRpc

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+exec /usr/local/bin/nsigner --listen qrexec

plans/nsigner.md

@@ -174,3 +174,119 @@ Privacy/UX notes:
 - Expand integration coverage for NIP-04/NIP-44 edge cases and negative-path errors.
 - Document and test static artifact size budgets across targets.
 - Define MCU transport adapter contract to prepare desktop/firmware parity.
+
+## 7. Transport expansion roadmap
+
+Goal: keep one signer core, swap transports underneath without touching dispatcher, policy, or role layers. The wire contract in [`CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md) (4-byte length-prefixed JSON-RPC) stays identical across every transport; only listener and `caller_identity_t` change.
+
+### 7.0 Prerequisite — transport abstraction (Phase T0)
+
+Before adding any new transport, factor a small adapter contract out of [`src/server.c`](../src/server.c) and [`src/main.c`](../src/main.c).
+
+- New header `src/transport.h` declaring an opaque `nsigner_transport_t` with:
+  - `accept(listener) -> connection`
+  - `recv_frame(connection) -> bytes`
+  - `send_frame(connection, bytes)`
+  - `peer_identity(connection) -> caller_identity_t`
+  - `close(connection)` / `shutdown(listener)`
+- Generalize `caller_identity_t` to a tagged union of:
+  - `unix_peer { uid, pid, comm }` (current behavior)
+  - `qubes { source_qube_name }`
+  - `tcp_local { addr }`
+  - `tcp_remote { addr, authenticated_pubkey }`
+  - `fips { peer_npub }`
+  - `usb_serial { device_path, asserted_caller }`
+- Move `recv_framed` / `send_framed` from `server.c` and `main.c` into a single shared `transport_frame.c` so client and server share one framing implementation.
+- Server main loop becomes transport-agnostic (`while accept; recv; dispatch; send`).
+- Tests: extend [`tests/test_integration.c`](../tests/test_integration.c) with a transport-loopback fake to validate the abstraction without binding any real socket.
+
+This refactor is purely internal — no observable change.
+
+### 7.1 Phase T1 — Qubes OS qrexec transport
+
+Use Qubes' native inter-qube primitive instead of inventing one.
+
+- Add a qrexec service script (e.g. `qubes.NsignerRpc`) that execs `nsigner` in a "stdio transport" mode where stdin/stdout carry the existing length-prefixed frame protocol.
+- New CLI: `nsigner --listen stdio` (and `nsigner --listen qrexec`, behaving identically; `qrexec` value is for documentation/intent).
+- Caller identity comes from qrexec environment (`QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN`) and is mapped to `caller_identity_t.kind=qubes`.
+- Reference policy file under `packaging/qubes/policy.d/40-nsigner.policy` showing `ask` / `allow` per source qube.
+- No new attack surface inside nsigner: dom0 enforces who can even invoke the service.
+- Tests: a unit test that injects fake qrexec env vars and a stdio framing harness; an integration script that documents end-to-end install in a Qubes VM (manual, not in CI).
+- Docs: add a "Qubes deployment" section to [`README.md`](../README.md) and to [`CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md).
+
+### 7.2 Phase T2 — TCP loopback transport
+
+Smallest IP-based step; on-ramp for non-Linux clients and for FIPS later.
+
+- New CLI: `nsigner --listen tcp:127.0.0.1:PORT`.
+- Default-deny non-loopback binds (reject `0.0.0.0` / non-`127.x` / non-`::1` unless `--allow-remote`, see T3).
+- Caller identity for loopback: `tcp_local { addr }`. Approval prompt still mandatory.
+- `nsigner list` extended to enumerate active TCP listeners (from internal registry; not from `/proc/net/tcp`).
+- Same framing as AF_UNIX path; no protocol changes.
+- Tests: integration coverage that spawns a child signer with `--listen tcp:127.0.0.1:0`, captures the bound port, runs the same NIP-04/NIP-44/sign_event matrix as AF_UNIX.
+- Docs: extend [`documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md) section 2 with `tcp:` discovery rules and section 3 confirming framing parity.
+
+Implementation checklist (Tier-1 delivery):
+
+- [x] Parse `--listen tcp:HOST:PORT` in [`src/main.c`](../src/main.c).
+- [x] Reject invalid/non-loopback listen targets in [`src/server.c`](../src/server.c).
+- [x] Bind/listen non-blocking TCP sockets and run server loop without TUI dependence.
+- [x] Keep existing framed JSON-RPC protocol unchanged via shared [`src/transport_frame.c`](../src/transport_frame.c).
+- [ ] Add integration test coverage for `tcp:127.0.0.1:PORT` request flow.
+
+### 7.3 Phase T3 — TCP remote with TLS + caller-pubkey auth
+
+Only after T2 is solid.
+
+- New CLI: `nsigner --listen tcp:0.0.0.0:PORT --allow-remote --tls-cert <pem> --tls-key <pem>`.
+- Mandatory: TLS for any non-loopback bind. Refuse to start otherwise.
+- Caller authentication: client must sign a per-connection challenge with its declared npub (Schnorr/secp256k1) before any signer verb is dispatched. Identity becomes `tcp_remote { addr, authenticated_pubkey }`.
+- Failure modes: `transport_tls_required`, `caller_auth_failed`, `caller_auth_timeout` — all surfaced with new error names in dispatcher and documented in [`CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md).
+- Approval prompt now displays `caller=npub:abcd…wxyz` instead of `uid:1000`.
+- Tests: integration test that exercises happy path, wrong-pubkey, replayed-challenge, expired-challenge.
+- Docs: dedicated "Remote TCP deployment" section in `README.md` with strong "do not expose to the public internet without firewalling" warning.
+
+### 7.4 Phase T4 — FIPS substrate integration
+
+FIPS is a *substrate* for an existing TCP listener, not a new transport in nsigner code.
+
+- Deployment topology: nsigner binds TCP loopback inside the FIPS network namespace (or on a host where `fips0` is up); peers reach it via `fd00::/8` IPv6 derived from the signer's npub.
+- Optional `caller_kind=fips` enrichment: a small sidecar query (`fipsctl show sessions` style) maps the connecting IPv6 address to a peer npub and feeds it into `caller_identity_t.fips { peer_npub }`. If unavailable, fall back to `tcp_remote` identity.
+- nsigner does not embed FIPS, does not depend on libfips, and does not require Rust.
+- New optional flag: `--peer-id-source fips:/var/run/fips/fips.sock` (path/method TBD per FIPS API).
+- Tests: a Docker-compose fixture borrowed from `resources/fips/testing/` that boots two FIPS nodes, runs nsigner on one, runs a Python client (per snippet in [`documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../documents/CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md)) on the other, and exercises the same verb matrix.
+- Docs: new [`documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md`](../documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md) deep-dive describing identity mapping, npub-as-caller, and operator setup. Cross-link from [`README.md`](../README.md) section 7 (Transport).
+
+Execution tasks for initial FIPS trial:
+
+- [x] Deliver T2 TCP loopback listener as FIPS substrate prerequisite.
+- [x] Document signer/caller qube deployment flow in [`documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md`](../documents/FIPS_DEPLOYMENT.md).
+- [ ] Add two-node operator validation script (manual) using `fipsctl` + framed JSON-RPC client.
+- [ ] Evaluate optional caller identity enrichment from FIPS session metadata.
+
+### 7.5 Phase T5 — USB / serial transport
+
+Two distinct sub-tracks; do not conflate.
+
+- T5a (firmware-side, MCU): ESP32/USB-CDC. Already in the [`firmware/`](../firmware/) track. Same dispatcher; transport adapter is UART read/write loop. `caller_identity_t.kind=usb_serial` with `asserted_caller` because the host claims the identity.
+- T5b (host-side optional): `nsigner --listen serial:/dev/ttyACM0,baud=115200`. Useful for desktop signer reachable by a USB-tethered client. Same frame protocol over the serial line. Marks identity as asserted (low trust) and forces approval prompt.
+- USB-as-Ethernet (gadget mode, RNDIS/ECM) is **not** a separate transport — it reduces to T2/T3.
+- Tests: loopback pty pair (`openpty`) for T5b unit/integration coverage; firmware-side covered in firmware track.
+
+### 7.6 Cross-cutting concerns
+
+Apply once per phase as needed:
+
+- Transport-aware approval prompt: clear visual indication of transport kind and identity (uid vs qube vs npub vs serial-asserted). No silent identity-source confusion.
+- Per-transport policy gates: deny-by-default for new identity kinds until operator explicitly enables them in policy.
+- Discovery (`nsigner list`) becomes per-transport pluggable (proc/net/unix today, internal registry for tcp, qrexec service announce for qubes, fips peer table for fips).
+- Audit logging: include transport kind and identity descriptor in every approval/decision record.
+- Error name parity: every new transport introduces only well-named errors (extend the table in [`CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md`](../CLIENT_IMPLEMENTATION.md) section 5).
+
+### 7.7 Decision points (open)
+
+- D1: Land T0 (refactor) before any transport, or in parallel with T1?
+- D2: Bundle T2 and T3 as one phase, or hard split (loopback-only first, then remote-with-TLS later)?
+- D3: T4 FIPS — embed an explicit `caller_kind=fips` path in nsigner now, or treat FIPS as plain TCP and revisit identity enrichment after a working deployment?
+- D4: T5b host-side serial — in scope for desktop nsigner, or strictly firmware track?
+- D5: Qubes packaging — ship `packaging/qubes/` artifacts in this repo, or document only and let operators wire it up?

src/main.c

@@ -373,12 +373,19 @@ char *dispatcher_handle_request(dispatcher_ctx_t *ctx, const char *json_request)
 #define SERVER_SOCKET_NAME_MAX 108
 #define SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE    65536
 
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX   0
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO  1
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC 2
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP    3
+
 /* Caller identity */
 typedef struct {
     uid_t uid;
     gid_t gid;
     pid_t pid;
-    char caller_id[64];  /* "uid:<n>" */
+    int kind;
+    char caller_id[64];     /* "uid:<n>" or "qubes:<vm>" */
+    char source_qube[64];
 } caller_identity_t;
 
 /* Server context */
@@ -387,6 +394,8 @@ typedef struct {
     char last_error[256];
     int listen_fd;
     int running;
+    int listen_mode;
+    int stdio_handled;
     dispatcher_ctx_t *dispatcher;
     policy_table_t *policy;
     int socket_name_explicit;
@@ -395,6 +404,7 @@ typedef struct {
 /* Initialize server context. socket_name is the abstract namespace name (e.g. "nsigner").
  * socket_name_explicit should be non-zero when provided via --socket-name override. */
 void server_init(server_ctx_t *ctx, const char *socket_name, int socket_name_explicit,
+                 int listen_mode,
                  dispatcher_ctx_t *dispatcher, policy_table_t *policy);
 
 /* Start listening. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error. */
@@ -441,12 +451,15 @@ int socket_name_random(char *out, size_t out_len);
 /* Version information (auto-updated by build/version tooling) */
 #define NSIGNER_VERSION_MAJOR 0
 #define NSIGNER_VERSION_MINOR 0
-#define NSIGNER_VERSION_PATCH 5
+#define NSIGNER_VERSION_PATCH 6
-#define NSIGNER_VERSION "v0.0.5"
+#define NSIGNER_VERSION "v0.0.6"
 
 
 /* NSIGNER_HEADERLESS_DECLS_END */
 
+int transport_send_framed(int fd, const char *payload);
+int transport_recv_framed(int fd, char **out_payload, size_t max_size);
+
 #include <nostr_core/nostr_common.h>
 
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
@@ -462,6 +475,7 @@ int socket_name_random(char *out, size_t out_len);
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <termios.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #define NSIGNER_DEFAULT_SOCKET_NAME "nsigner"
@@ -501,100 +515,6 @@ static int read_line_stdin(char *buf, size_t buf_sz) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
-    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)buf;
-    size_t off = 0;
-
-    while (off < len) {
-        ssize_t n = read(fd, p + off, len - off);
-        if (n == 0) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (n < 0) {
-            if (errno == EINTR) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-        off += (size_t)n;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len) {
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)buf;
-    size_t off = 0;
-
-    while (off < len) {
-        ssize_t n = write(fd, p + off, len - off);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            if (errno == EINTR) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-        off += (size_t)n;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int send_framed(int fd, const char *payload) {
-    uint32_t len;
-    uint32_t be_len;
-
-    if (payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    len = (uint32_t)strlen(payload);
-    be_len = htonl(len);
-
-    if (write_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (write_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int recv_framed(int fd, char **out_payload) {
-    uint32_t be_len;
-    uint32_t len;
-    char *payload;
-
-    if (out_payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    *out_payload = NULL;
-
-    if (read_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    len = ntohl(be_len);
-    if (len == 0 || len > SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    payload = (char *)malloc((size_t)len + 1U);
-    if (payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (read_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
-        free(payload);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    payload[len] = '\0';
-    *out_payload = payload;
-    return 0;
-}
 
 static int connect_abstract_socket(const char *name) {
     int fd;
@@ -628,7 +548,8 @@ static int connect_abstract_socket(const char *name) {
 static void print_usage(const char *program_name) {
     printf("nsigner - single-binary signer program\n");
     printf("Usage:\n");
-    printf("  %s [--socket-name|--name|-n <name>]       Run signer server + built-in TUI\n", program_name);
+    printf("  %s [--socket-name|--name|-n <name>] [--listen <unix|stdio|qrexec|tcp:HOST:PORT>]\n", program_name);
+    printf("                                           Run signer server (unix mode has TUI)\n");
     printf("  %s [--socket-name|--name|-n <name>] client '<json>' Send JSON-RPC request\n", program_name);
     printf("  %s [--socket-name|--name|-n <name>] client -        Read JSON-RPC request from stdin\n", program_name);
     printf("  %s list                                    List running nsigner abstract sockets\n", program_name);
@@ -778,13 +699,13 @@ static int client_main(int argc, char *argv[], const char *socket_name, int sock
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (send_framed(fd, request) != 0) {
+    if (transport_send_framed(fd, request) != 0) {
         perror("send");
         close(fd);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (recv_framed(fd, &response) != 0) {
+    if (transport_recv_framed(fd, &response, SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE) != 0) {
         perror("recv");
         close(fd);
         return 1;
@@ -799,15 +720,29 @@ static int client_main(int argc, char *argv[], const char *socket_name, int sock
 
 static void activity_log_cb(const char *message, void *user_data) {
     int idx;
+    time_t now;
+    struct tm tm_now;
+    char ts[16];
 
     (void)user_data;
     if (message == NULL) {
         return;
     }
 
+    now = time(NULL);
+    if (localtime_r(&now, &tm_now) != NULL) {
+        (void)strftime(ts, sizeof(ts), "%m%d-%H%M%S", &tm_now);
+    } else {
+        strncpy(ts, "0000-000000", sizeof(ts) - 1);
+        ts[sizeof(ts) - 1] = '\0';
+    }
+
     idx = g_activity_log.count % ACTIVITY_LOG_CAP;
-    strncpy(g_activity_log.lines[idx], message, sizeof(g_activity_log.lines[idx]) - 1);
+    (void)snprintf(g_activity_log.lines[idx],
-    g_activity_log.lines[idx][sizeof(g_activity_log.lines[idx]) - 1] = '\0';
+                   sizeof(g_activity_log.lines[idx]),
+                   "%s %s",
+                   ts,
+                   message);
     g_activity_log.count++;
 }
 
@@ -878,7 +813,7 @@ static int setup_default_role(role_table_t *role_table) {
 static int prompt_load_mnemonic(mnemonic_state_t *mnemonic) {
     char phrase[MNEMONIC_MAX_LEN];
     char phrase_copy[MNEMONIC_MAX_LEN];
-    char mode[16];
+    char mode[MNEMONIC_MAX_LEN];
     struct termios old_term;
     struct termios new_term;
     int have_term = 0;
@@ -887,13 +822,21 @@ static int prompt_load_mnemonic(mnemonic_state_t *mnemonic) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    printf("Mnemonic source: [E]nter existing or [G]enerate new (default E): ");
+    printf("Mnemonic source: [E]nter existing or [G]enerate new (default E; you can also paste mnemonic here): ");
     fflush(stdout);
     if (read_line_stdin(mode, sizeof(mode)) != 0) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read mnemonic source choice\n");
         return -1;
     }
 
+    if (strchr(mode, ' ') != NULL && mode[0] != 'g' && mode[0] != 'G') {
+        if (mnemonic_load(mnemonic, mode) != 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid mnemonic (must be 12/15/18/21/24 words)\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     if (mode[0] == 'g' || mode[0] == 'G') {
         int idx = 1;
         char *ctx = NULL;
@@ -1017,6 +960,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     const char *socket_name = NSIGNER_DEFAULT_SOCKET_NAME;
     char generated_socket_name[SERVER_SOCKET_NAME_MAX];
     int socket_name_explicit = 0;
+    int listen_mode = NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX;
+    const char *listen_target = NSIGNER_DEFAULT_SOCKET_NAME;
     int argi = 1;
 
     while (argi < argc) {
@@ -1032,14 +977,43 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
             argi += 2;
             continue;
         }
+        if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--listen") == 0) {
+            if (argi + 1 >= argc) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "Missing value for %s\n", argv[argi]);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if (strcmp(argv[argi + 1], "unix") == 0) {
+                listen_mode = NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX;
+            } else if (strcmp(argv[argi + 1], "stdio") == 0) {
+                listen_mode = NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO;
+            } else if (strcmp(argv[argi + 1], "qrexec") == 0) {
+                listen_mode = NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC;
+            } else if (strncmp(argv[argi + 1], "tcp:", 4) == 0) {
+                listen_mode = NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP;
+                listen_target = argv[argi + 1];
+            } else {
+                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid --listen mode: %s (expected unix|stdio|qrexec|tcp:HOST:PORT)\n", argv[argi + 1]);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            argi += 2;
+            continue;
+        }
         break;
     }
 
     if (argi < argc && strcmp(argv[argi], "client") == 0) {
+        if (listen_mode != NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "--listen is server-only; client mode uses unix abstract sockets\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
         return client_main(argc - argi - 1, argv + argi + 1, socket_name, socket_name_explicit);
     }
 
     if (argi < argc && strcmp(argv[argi], "list") == 0) {
+        if (listen_mode != NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "--listen is server-only; list inspects unix abstract sockets\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
         return list_sockets_main();
     }
 
@@ -1091,11 +1065,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     dispatcher_init(&dispatcher, &role_table, &mnemonic, &key_store);
 
     owner_uid = getuid();
-    policy_init_default(&policy, owner_uid);
+    if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC || listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP) {
+        policy_entry_t e;
+        policy_table_init(&policy);
+        memset(&e, 0, sizeof(e));
+        strncpy(e.caller, "*", sizeof(e.caller) - 1);
+        e.prompt = PROMPT_EVERY_REQUEST;
+        (void)policy_table_add(&policy, &e);
+    } else {
+        policy_init_default(&policy, owner_uid);
+    }
 
     apply_test_overrides(&policy);
 
-    if (!socket_name_explicit) {
+    if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX && !socket_name_explicit) {
         if (socket_name_random(generated_socket_name, sizeof(generated_socket_name)) != 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "Failed to generate random socket name\n");
             crypto_wipe(&key_store);
@@ -1106,9 +1089,27 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         socket_name = generated_socket_name;
     }
 
-    server_init(&server, socket_name, socket_name_explicit, &dispatcher, &policy);
+    if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX) {
+        listen_target = socket_name;
+    } else if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP && socket_name_explicit) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--socket-name is only valid with unix listen mode\n");
+        crypto_wipe(&key_store);
+        nostr_cleanup();
+        mnemonic_unload(&mnemonic);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    server_init(&server, listen_target, socket_name_explicit, listen_mode, &dispatcher, &policy);
     if (server_start(&server) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start server on @%s: %s\n", socket_name, server_last_error(&server));
+        if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start server on @%s: %s\n", socket_name, server_last_error(&server));
+        } else if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start server on %s: %s\n", listen_target, server_last_error(&server));
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start server (%s): %s\n",
+                    (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC) ? "qrexec" : "stdio",
+                    server_last_error(&server));
+        }
         crypto_wipe(&key_store);
         nostr_cleanup();
         mnemonic_unload(&mnemonic);
@@ -1118,6 +1119,41 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     (void)signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
     (void)signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);
 
+    if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO || listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC) {
+        int hrc = server_handle_one(&server, NULL, NULL);
+        server_stop(&server);
+        crypto_wipe(&key_store);
+        nostr_cleanup();
+        mnemonic_unload(&mnemonic);
+        return (hrc < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    if (listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP) {
+        pfds[0].fd = server.listen_fd;
+        pfds[0].events = POLLIN;
+
+        while (g_running && server.running) {
+            int prc = poll(pfds, 1, 200);
+            if (prc < 0) {
+                if (errno == EINTR) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            if (prc > 0 && (pfds[0].revents & POLLIN)) {
+                if (server_handle_one(&server, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        server_stop(&server);
+        crypto_wipe(&key_store);
+        nostr_cleanup();
+        mnemonic_unload(&mnemonic);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     memset(&g_activity_log, 0, sizeof(g_activity_log));
     g_auto_approve = 0;
     server_set_prompt_always_allow(0);

src/server.c

@@ -373,12 +373,19 @@ char *dispatcher_handle_request(dispatcher_ctx_t *ctx, const char *json_request)
 #define SERVER_SOCKET_NAME_MAX 108
 #define SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE    65536
 
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX   0
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO  1
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC 2
+#define NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP    3
+
 /* Caller identity */
 typedef struct {
     uid_t uid;
     gid_t gid;
     pid_t pid;
-    char caller_id[64];  /* "uid:<n>" */
+    int kind;
+    char caller_id[64];     /* "uid:<n>" or "qubes:<vm>" */
+    char source_qube[64];
 } caller_identity_t;
 
 /* Server context */
@@ -387,6 +394,8 @@ typedef struct {
     char last_error[256];
     int listen_fd;
     int running;
+    int listen_mode;
+    int stdio_handled;
     dispatcher_ctx_t *dispatcher;
     policy_table_t *policy;
     int socket_name_explicit;
@@ -395,6 +404,7 @@ typedef struct {
 /* Initialize server context. socket_name is the abstract namespace name (e.g. "nsigner").
  * socket_name_explicit should be non-zero when provided via --socket-name override. */
 void server_init(server_ctx_t *ctx, const char *socket_name, int socket_name_explicit,
+                 int listen_mode,
                  dispatcher_ctx_t *dispatcher, policy_table_t *policy);
 
 /* Start listening. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error. */
@@ -442,6 +452,9 @@ int socket_name_random(char *out, size_t out_len);
 
 /* NSIGNER_HEADERLESS_DECLS_END */
 
+int transport_send_framed(int fd, const char *payload);
+int transport_recv_framed(int fd, char **out_payload, size_t max_size);
+
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -527,98 +540,81 @@ static void server_set_error(server_ctx_t *ctx, const char *msg) {
     ctx->last_error[sizeof(ctx->last_error) - 1] = '\0';
 }
 
-static int read_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
-    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)buf;
-    size_t off = 0;
 
-    while (off < len) {
+static int parse_tcp_target(const char *target,
-        ssize_t n = read(fd, p + off, len - off);
+                            int *out_family,
-        if (n == 0) {
+                            char *out_host,
+                            size_t out_host_sz,
+                            uint16_t *out_port) {
+    const char *p;
+    const char *host_start;
+    const char *host_end;
+    const char *port_start;
+    char port_buf[16];
+    size_t host_len;
+    size_t port_len;
+    char *endptr = NULL;
+    long port_long;
+
+    if (target == NULL || out_family == NULL || out_host == NULL || out_port == NULL ||
+        out_host_sz == 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (strncmp(target, "tcp:", 4) != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    p = target + 4;
+    if (*p == '[') {
+        host_start = p + 1;
+        host_end = strchr(host_start, ']');
+        if (host_end == NULL || host_end[1] != ':') {
             return -1;
         }
-        if (n < 0) {
+        port_start = host_end + 2;
-            if (errno == EINTR) {
+    } else {
-                continue;
+        host_start = p;
-            }
+        host_end = strrchr(p, ':');
+        if (host_end == NULL || host_end == host_start) {
             return -1;
         }
-        off += (size_t)n;
+        port_start = host_end + 1;
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    host_len = (size_t)(host_end - host_start);
-}
+    if (host_len == 0 || host_len >= out_host_sz) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    memcpy(out_host, host_start, host_len);
+    out_host[host_len] = '\0';
 
-static int write_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len) {
+    port_len = strlen(port_start);
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)buf;
+    if (port_len == 0 || port_len >= sizeof(port_buf)) {
-    size_t off = 0;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    memcpy(port_buf, port_start, port_len + 1);
 
-    while (off < len) {
+    errno = 0;
-        ssize_t n = write(fd, p + off, len - off);
+    port_long = strtol(port_buf, &endptr, 10);
-        if (n < 0) {
+    if (errno != 0 || endptr == port_buf || *endptr != '\0' || port_long < 1 || port_long > 65535) {
-            if (errno == EINTR) {
+        return -1;
-                continue;
+    }
-            }
+
+    if (strcmp(out_host, "::1") == 0) {
+        *out_family = AF_INET6;
+    } else {
+        struct in_addr addr4;
+        if (inet_pton(AF_INET, out_host, &addr4) != 1) {
             return -1;
         }
-        off += (size_t)n;
+        if ((ntohl(addr4.s_addr) & 0xff000000U) != 0x7f000000U) {
-    }
+            return -2;
-
+        }
-    return 0;
+        *out_family = AF_INET;
-}
-
-static int recv_framed(int fd, char **out_payload) {
-    uint32_t be_len;
-    uint32_t len;
-    char *payload;
-
-    if (out_payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    *out_payload = NULL;
-
-    if (read_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    len = ntohl(be_len);
-    if (len == 0 || len > SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    payload = (char *)malloc((size_t)len + 1U);
-    if (payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (read_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
-        free(payload);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    payload[len] = '\0';
-    *out_payload = payload;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int send_framed(int fd, const char *payload) {
-    uint32_t len;
-    uint32_t be_len;
-
-    if (payload == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    len = (uint32_t)strlen(payload);
-    be_len = htonl(len);
-
-    if (write_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (write_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
-        return -1;
     }
 
+    *out_port = (uint16_t)port_long;
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -697,6 +693,7 @@ static int extract_method_and_selector(const char *json,
 }
 
 void server_init(server_ctx_t *ctx, const char *socket_name, int socket_name_explicit,
+                 int listen_mode,
                  dispatcher_ctx_t *dispatcher, policy_table_t *policy) {
     if (ctx == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -709,6 +706,8 @@ void server_init(server_ctx_t *ctx, const char *socket_name, int socket_name_exp
         ctx->socket_name[sizeof(ctx->socket_name) - 1] = '\0';
     }
     ctx->listen_fd = -1;
+    ctx->listen_mode = listen_mode;
+    ctx->stdio_handled = 0;
     ctx->dispatcher = dispatcher;
     ctx->policy = policy;
     ctx->socket_name_explicit = socket_name_explicit ? 1 : 0;
@@ -732,6 +731,112 @@ int server_start(server_ctx_t *ctx) {
 
     server_set_error(ctx, NULL);
 
+    if (ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO || ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC) {
+        ctx->listen_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+        ctx->running = 1;
+        ctx->stdio_handled = 0;
+        server_set_error(ctx, NULL);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP) {
+        int family;
+        uint16_t port;
+        char host[64];
+        int one = 1;
+
+        int prc = parse_tcp_target(ctx->socket_name, &family, host, sizeof(host), &port);
+        if (prc == -2) {
+            (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                           sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                           "non-loopback TCP bind denied: %s (use 127.x.x.x or ::1)",
+                           ctx->socket_name);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (prc != 0) {
+            (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                           sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                           "invalid tcp listen target: %s (expected tcp:127.0.0.1:PORT or tcp:[::1]:PORT)",
+                           ctx->socket_name);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        fd = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                           sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                           "socket(tcp) failed: %s",
+                           strerror(errno));
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        (void)setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &one, sizeof(one));
+
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+            struct sockaddr_in addr4;
+            memset(&addr4, 0, sizeof(addr4));
+            addr4.sin_family = AF_INET;
+            addr4.sin_port = htons(port);
+            if (inet_pton(AF_INET, host, &addr4.sin_addr) != 1) {
+                close(fd);
+                server_set_error(ctx, "inet_pton(AF_INET) failed for listen target");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr4, sizeof(addr4)) != 0) {
+                (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                               sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                               "bind(%s) failed: %s",
+                               ctx->socket_name,
+                               strerror(errno));
+                close(fd);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            struct sockaddr_in6 addr6;
+            memset(&addr6, 0, sizeof(addr6));
+            addr6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+            addr6.sin6_port = htons(port);
+            if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &addr6.sin6_addr) != 1) {
+                close(fd);
+                server_set_error(ctx, "inet_pton(AF_INET6) failed for listen target");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr6, sizeof(addr6)) != 0) {
+                (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                               sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                               "bind(%s) failed: %s",
+                               ctx->socket_name,
+                               strerror(errno));
+                close(fd);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (listen(fd, 16) != 0) {
+            (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                           sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                           "listen() failed: %s",
+                           strerror(errno));
+            close(fd);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+        if (flags < 0 || fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) != 0) {
+            (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
+                           sizeof(ctx->last_error),
+                           "fcntl(O_NONBLOCK) failed: %s",
+                           strerror(errno));
+            close(fd);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        ctx->listen_fd = fd;
+        ctx->running = 1;
+        server_set_error(ctx, NULL);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if (fd < 0) {
         (void)snprintf(ctx->last_error,
@@ -835,6 +940,56 @@ int server_get_caller(int fd, caller_identity_t *out) {
 
     memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
 
+    if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) {
+        const char *src = getenv("QREXEC_REMOTE_DOMAIN");
+        out->kind = NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO;
+        if (src != NULL && src[0] != '\0') {
+            out->kind = NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC;
+            strncpy(out->source_qube, src, sizeof(out->source_qube) - 1);
+            out->source_qube[sizeof(out->source_qube) - 1] = '\0';
+            (void)snprintf(out->caller_id, sizeof(out->caller_id), "qubes:%.57s", out->source_qube);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        out->uid = getuid();
+        out->gid = getgid();
+        out->pid = getpid();
+        (void)snprintf(out->caller_id, sizeof(out->caller_id), "uid:%u", (unsigned int)out->uid);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    {
+        struct sockaddr_storage peer;
+        socklen_t peer_len = sizeof(peer);
+        if (getpeername(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &peer_len) == 0) {
+            if (peer.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+                const struct sockaddr_in *in4 = (const struct sockaddr_in *)&peer;
+                char ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+                if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &in4->sin_addr, ip, sizeof(ip)) != NULL) {
+                    out->kind = NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP;
+                    (void)snprintf(out->caller_id,
+                                   sizeof(out->caller_id),
+                                   "tcp:%s:%u",
+                                   ip,
+                                   (unsigned int)ntohs(in4->sin_port));
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            } else if (peer.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+                const struct sockaddr_in6 *in6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)&peer;
+                char ip6[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+                if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6->sin6_addr, ip6, sizeof(ip6)) != NULL) {
+                    out->kind = NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP;
+                    (void)snprintf(out->caller_id,
+                                   sizeof(out->caller_id),
+                                   "tcp:[%s]:%u",
+                                   ip6,
+                                   (unsigned int)ntohs(in6->sin6_port));
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &cred, &len) != 0) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -842,6 +997,7 @@ int server_get_caller(int fd, caller_identity_t *out) {
     out->uid = cred.uid;
     out->gid = cred.gid;
     out->pid = cred.pid;
+    out->kind = NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX;
     (void)snprintf(out->caller_id, sizeof(out->caller_id), "uid:%u", (unsigned int)out->uid);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -864,26 +1020,38 @@ int server_handle_one(server_ctx_t *ctx, server_activity_cb cb, void *cb_data) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    client_fd = accept(ctx->listen_fd, NULL, NULL);
+    if (ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_STDIO || ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_QREXEC) {
-    if (client_fd < 0) {
+        if (ctx->stdio_handled) {
-        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
             return 0;
         }
-        return -1;
+        client_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+        ctx->stdio_handled = 1;
+    } else {
+        client_fd = accept(ctx->listen_fd, NULL, NULL);
+        if (client_fd < 0) {
+            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
 
     if (server_get_caller(client_fd, &caller) != 0) {
-        close(client_fd);
+        if (client_fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
+            close(client_fd);
+        }
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (recv_framed(client_fd, &request) != 0) {
+    if (transport_recv_framed(client_fd, &request, SERVER_MAX_MSG_SIZE) != 0) {
         response = strdup("{\"id\":\"null\",\"error\":{\"code\":-32700,\"message\":\"parse_error\"}}");
         if (response != NULL) {
-            (void)send_framed(client_fd, response);
+            (void)transport_send_framed((client_fd == STDIN_FILENO) ? STDOUT_FILENO : client_fd, response);
             free(response);
         }
-        close(client_fd);
+        if (client_fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
+            close(client_fd);
+        }
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -917,14 +1085,13 @@ int server_handle_one(server_ctx_t *ctx, server_activity_cb cb, void *cb_data) {
     }
 
     if (response != NULL) {
-        (void)send_framed(client_fd, response);
+        (void)transport_send_framed((client_fd == STDIN_FILENO) ? STDOUT_FILENO : client_fd, response);
     }
 
     (void)snprintf(activity,
                    sizeof(activity),
-                   "uid=%u pid=%d %s(%s) %s",
+                   "%s %s(%s) %s",
-                   (unsigned int)caller.uid,
+                   caller.caller_id,
-                   (int)caller.pid,
                    method,
                    role_name,
                    verdict);
@@ -935,7 +1102,9 @@ int server_handle_one(server_ctx_t *ctx, server_activity_cb cb, void *cb_data) {
 
     free(request);
     free(response);
-    close(client_fd);
+    if (client_fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
+        close(client_fd);
+    }
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -945,7 +1114,9 @@ void server_stop(server_ctx_t *ctx) {
     }
 
     if (ctx->listen_fd >= 0) {
-        close(ctx->listen_fd);
+        if (ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_UNIX || ctx->listen_mode == NSIGNER_LISTEN_TCP) {
+            close(ctx->listen_fd);
+        }
         ctx->listen_fd = -1;
     }
     ctx->running = 0;

src/transport_frame.c

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static int transport_read_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)buf;
+    size_t off = 0;
+
+    while (off < len) {
+        ssize_t n = read(fd, p + off, len - off);
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (n < 0) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+        off += (size_t)n;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int transport_write_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len) {
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)buf;
+    size_t off = 0;
+
+    while (off < len) {
+        ssize_t n = write(fd, p + off, len - off);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+        off += (size_t)n;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int transport_send_framed(int fd, const char *payload) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    uint32_t be_len;
+
+    if (payload == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    len = (uint32_t)strlen(payload);
+    be_len = htonl(len);
+
+    if (transport_write_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (transport_write_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int transport_recv_framed(int fd, char **out_payload, size_t max_size) {
+    uint32_t be_len;
+    uint32_t len;
+    char *payload;
+
+    if (out_payload == NULL || max_size == 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *out_payload = NULL;
+
+    if (transport_read_full(fd, &be_len, sizeof(be_len)) != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    len = ntohl(be_len);
+    if (len == 0 || len > max_size) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    payload = (char *)malloc((size_t)len + 1U);
+    if (payload == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (transport_read_full(fd, payload, len) != 0) {
+        free(payload);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    payload[len] = '\0';
+    *out_payload = payload;
+    return 0;
+}