fix: buffer-based SSE parser for all supported providers

Replace the fragile `re.split(b"data: ")` streaming parser with a
buffered, event-delimited parser in both the chat-completion and
Responses-API streamers. Events are accumulated until the SSE blank-line
delimiter, so parsing is independent of network chunk boundaries.

Fixes:
- OpenRouter `: OPENROUTER PROCESSING` keepalive comments no longer leak
  to clients as `data: : ...` (the `Unexpected token ':'` client crash).
- JSON payloads split across TCP reads are reassembled before parsing.
- CRLF framing (Gemini native alt=sse) handled.
- Combined content+usage chunks (Gemini thinking models over the
  OpenAI-compat endpoint) forward content once and still report usage in
  the cost trailer, instead of dropping the assistant message.
- Multi-line non-JSON `data` blocks are re-prefixed per line so they stay
  valid SSE framing for the client.

Adds tests/unit/test_streaming_sse_providers.py driving the real
generator against per-provider on-the-wire framing, and switches the
integration token-mint fallback to secrets.token_hex to kill a
PRNG/clock collision flake.

migrations/versions/a2b3c4d5e6f7_add_constraints_to_lightning_invoices.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Add balance_limit, balance_limit_reset, validity_date to lightning_invoices
+
+Revision ID: a2b3c4d5e6f7
+Revises: f1a2b3c4d5e6
+Create Date: 2026-06-03 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = "a2b3c4d5e6f7"
+down_revision = "f1a2b3c4d5e6"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column("lightning_invoices", sa.Column("balance_limit", sa.Integer(), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column("lightning_invoices", sa.Column("balance_limit_reset", sa.String(), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column("lightning_invoices", sa.Column("validity_date", sa.Integer(), nullable=True))
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("lightning_invoices", "validity_date")
+    op.drop_column("lightning_invoices", "balance_limit_reset")
+    op.drop_column("lightning_invoices", "balance_limit")

migrations/versions/f1a2b3c4d5e6_add_created_at_to_api_keys.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""add created_at to api_keys
+
+Revision ID: f1a2b3c4d5e6
+Revises: cli_tokens_001
+Create Date: 2026-06-01 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "f1a2b3c4d5e6"
+down_revision = "cli_tokens_001"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Nullable on purpose: existing keys keep NULL (unknown creation time) and
+    # sort last; new keys get populated by the model's default_factory.
+    op.add_column("api_keys", sa.Column("created_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=True))
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("api_keys", "created_at")

routstr/balance.py

@@ -535,10 +535,24 @@ async def create_child_key(
             detail=f"Insufficient balance to create {count} child keys. {total_cost} mSats required.",
         )
 
-    # Deduct cost from parent
-    key.balance -= total_cost
-    key.total_spent += total_cost
-    session.add(key)
+    # Deduct cost from parent atomically — guards against concurrent requests
+    # that both pass the balance check above on stale in-memory state.
+    deduct_stmt = (
+        update(ApiKey)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.balance) - col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= total_cost)
+        .values(
+            balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - total_cost,
+            total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost,
+        )
+    )
+    result = await session.exec(deduct_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    if result.rowcount == 0:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=402,
+            detail=f"Insufficient balance to create {count} child keys. {total_cost} mSats required.",
+        )
 
     # Generate new keys
     import secrets
@@ -563,6 +577,7 @@ async def create_child_key(
         new_keys.append("sk-" + new_key_hash)
 
     await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(key)
 
     response_data = {
         "api_keys": new_keys,

routstr/core/admin.py

@@ -68,26 +68,89 @@ async def require_admin_api(request: Request) -> None:
 
 
 @admin_router.get("/api/temporary-balances", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
-async def get_temporary_balances_api(request: Request) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+async def get_temporary_balances_api(
+    request: Request,
+    search: str | None = None,
+    limit: int = 50,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> dict[str, object]:
+    from sqlalchemy import case
+    from sqlmodel import col, func
+
+    filters = []
+    if search:
+        pattern = f"%{search}%"
+        filters.append(
+            col(ApiKey.hashed_key).like(pattern)
+            | col(ApiKey.refund_address).like(pattern)
+        )
+
     async with create_session() as session:
-        result = await session.exec(select(ApiKey))
+        base = select(ApiKey).where(*filters)
+
+        count_result = await session.exec(
+            select(func.count()).select_from(base.subquery())
+        )
+        total = count_result.one()
+
+        # Aggregate totals across the whole (search-filtered) set, not just the
+        # current page. Balance counts only parent (non-child) keys to avoid
+        # double-counting, since child keys draw from their parent's balance.
+        totals_result = await session.exec(
+            select(
+                func.coalesce(
+                    func.sum(
+                        case(
+                            (col(ApiKey.parent_key_hash).is_(None), ApiKey.balance),
+                            else_=0,
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    0,
+                ),
+                func.coalesce(func.sum(ApiKey.total_spent), 0),
+                func.coalesce(func.sum(ApiKey.total_requests), 0),
+            ).where(*filters)
+        )
+        total_balance, total_spent, total_requests = totals_result.one()
+
+        # Latest created first; keys with no created_at (legacy rows) sort last.
+        # Use an explicit CASE rather than relying on dialect NULL-ordering so
+        # the behaviour is identical on SQLite and Postgres.
+        stmt = (
+            base.order_by(
+                case((col(ApiKey.created_at).is_(None), 1), else_=0),
+                col(ApiKey.created_at).desc(),
+            )
+            .offset(offset)
+            .limit(limit)
+        )
+        result = await session.exec(stmt)
         api_keys = result.all()
 
-    return [
-        {
-            "hashed_key": key.hashed_key,
-            "balance": key.balance,
-            "total_spent": key.total_spent,
-            "total_requests": key.total_requests,
-            "refund_address": key.refund_address,
-            "key_expiry_time": key.key_expiry_time,
-            "parent_key_hash": key.parent_key_hash,
-            "balance_limit": key.balance_limit,
-            "balance_limit_reset": key.balance_limit_reset,
-            "validity_date": key.validity_date,
-        }
-        for key in api_keys
-    ]
+    return {
+        "balances": [
+            {
+                "hashed_key": key.hashed_key,
+                "balance": key.balance,
+                "total_spent": key.total_spent,
+                "total_requests": key.total_requests,
+                "refund_address": key.refund_address,
+                "key_expiry_time": key.key_expiry_time,
+                "parent_key_hash": key.parent_key_hash,
+                "balance_limit": key.balance_limit,
+                "balance_limit_reset": key.balance_limit_reset,
+                "validity_date": key.validity_date,
+                "created_at": key.created_at,
+            }
+            for key in api_keys
+        ],
+        "total": total,
+        "totals": {
+            "total_balance": total_balance,
+            "total_spent": total_spent,
+            "total_requests": total_requests,
+        },
+    }
 
 
 class ApiKeyUpdate(BaseModel):

routstr/core/db.py

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ class ApiKey(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
         default=0, description="Total spent in millisatoshis (msats)"
     )
     total_requests: int = Field(default=0)
+    created_at: int | None = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()),
+        nullable=True,
+        description=(
+            "Unix timestamp when the key was created. Nullable: keys created "
+            "before this column existed have no value and sort last."
+        ),
+    )
     refund_mint_url: str | None = Field(
         default=None,
         description="URL of the mint used to create the cashu-token",
@@ -132,6 +140,18 @@ class LightningInvoice(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
     )
     expires_at: int = Field(description="Unix timestamp when invoice expires")
     paid_at: int | None = Field(default=None, description="Unix timestamp when paid")
+    balance_limit: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Max spendable msats for the created key",
+    )
+    balance_limit_reset: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Reset policy for balance limit (daily, weekly, monthly)",
+    )
+    validity_date: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Unix timestamp after which the created key expires",
+    )
 
 
 class CashuTransaction(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore

routstr/lightning.py

@@ -269,6 +269,9 @@ async def create_api_key_from_invoice(
         balance=invoice.amount_sats * 1000,  # Convert to msats
         refund_currency="sat",
         refund_mint_url=settings.primary_mint,
+        balance_limit=invoice.balance_limit,
+        balance_limit_reset=invoice.balance_limit_reset,
+        validity_date=invoice.validity_date,
     )
 
     session.add(api_key)

routstr/upstream/base.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import asyncio
 import json
 import traceback
 import uuid
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Iterator
 from typing import Any, Mapping, cast
 
 import httpx
@@ -202,14 +202,26 @@ class BaseUpstreamProvider:
         already reported its own provider (e.g. OpenRouter returns
         ``"provider": "Fireworks"``), otherwise just ``"<provider_type>"``
         for direct upstreams.
+
+        Idempotent: re-stamping an already-stamped payload must not nest the
+        prefix repeatedly (e.g. never ``"anthropic:anthropic"``). This matters
+        because streaming paths can apply the field more than once per chunk.
         """
         if not isinstance(response_json, dict):
             return
+        provider_type = (self.provider_type or "").strip()
         existing = response_json.get("provider")
-        if isinstance(existing, str) and existing.strip():
-            response_json["provider"] = f"{self.provider_type}:{existing.strip()}"
-        else:
-            response_json["provider"] = self.provider_type
+        existing_str = existing.strip() if isinstance(existing, str) else ""
+        if not existing_str:
+            response_json["provider"] = provider_type
+            return
+        # Already stamped by a previous pass — leave it untouched.
+        if existing_str == provider_type or existing_str.startswith(
+            f"{provider_type}:"
+        ):
+            response_json["provider"] = existing_str
+            return
+        response_json["provider"] = f"{provider_type}:{existing_str}"
 
     def inject_cost_metadata(
         self,
@@ -715,102 +727,140 @@ class BaseUpstreamProvider:
                     except Exception:
                         pass
 
-            try:
-                sse_buffer = b""
-                async for chunk in response.aiter_bytes():
-                    sse_buffer += chunk
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "[chat] SSE chunk from upstream",
-                        extra={"chunk_size": len(chunk), "buffer_size": len(sse_buffer)},
-                    )
-                    # SSE events are separated by \n\n (double newline).
-                    # Process complete events and keep incomplete ones in the buffer.
-                    while b"\n\n" in sse_buffer:
-                        event_raw, sse_buffer = sse_buffer.split(b"\n\n", 1)
-                        event_raw = event_raw.strip()
-                        if not event_raw:
-                            continue
+            def _process_event(raw_event: bytes) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+                """Process one complete SSE event block (lines up to a blank line).
 
-                        logger.debug(
-                            "[chat] SSE event from upstream",
-                            extra={"event": event_raw[:500].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")},
-                        )
+                Handles arbitrary upstream framing across every supported
+                provider:
 
-                        if event_raw == b"data: [DONE]":
-                            logger.debug("[chat] SSE [DONE] seen")
-                            done_seen = True
-                            continue
+                * ``data:`` lines are gathered and concatenated per the SSE
+                  spec, so a payload split across network chunks is reassembled
+                  before parsing.
+                * Comment/keepalive lines (those beginning with ``:`` such as
+                  OpenRouter's ``: OPENROUTER PROCESSING``) are dropped. They
+                  carry no JSON and forwarding them downstream breaks naive SSE
+                  clients; the keepalive only matters for the upstream hop.
+                * Other SSE fields (``event:``/``id:``/``retry:``) are preserved
+                  and kept attached to the event's ``data:`` line, which the
+                  OpenAI Responses API and Anthropic-style streams rely on.
+                * ``[DONE]`` is swallowed so it can be re-emitted exactly once at
+                  end of stream.
+                """
+                nonlocal last_model_seen, usage_chunk_data, done_seen
 
-                        # Extract the JSON payload from "data: {...}"
-                        data_prefix = b"data: "
-                        if event_raw.startswith(data_prefix):
-                            payload_bytes = event_raw[len(data_prefix):]
-                        else:
-                            payload_bytes = event_raw
+                event = raw_event.strip(b"\r\n")
+                if not event:
+                    return
 
-                        try:
-                            obj = json.loads(payload_bytes)
-                            if isinstance(obj, dict):
-                                self._apply_provider_field(obj)
-                                if obj.get("model"):
-                                    last_model_seen = str(obj.get("model"))
-                                if requested_model:
-                                    obj["model"] = requested_model
-                                if (
-                                    "id" not in obj
-                                    or not isinstance(obj["id"], str)
-                                    or obj["id"] == "existing-id"
-                                ):
-                                    if not hasattr(self, "_current_stream_id"):
-                                        self._current_stream_id = (
-                                            f"chatcmpl-{uuid.uuid4()}"
-                                        )
-                                    obj["id"] = self._current_stream_id
-                                if isinstance(obj.get("usage"), dict):
-                                    # Check if this chunk has actual content (vs. billing-only chunks)
-                                    choices = obj.get("choices") or []
-                                    has_content = any(
-                                        c.get("delta", {}).get("content")
-                                        or c.get("delta", {}).get("reasoning")
-                                        for c in choices
-                                    )
-                                    if not has_content:
-                                        # Billing-only chunk — hold back for cost metadata injection
-                                        logger.debug(
-                                            "[chat] Holding back usage-only chunk",
-                                            extra={"model": obj.get("model"), "completion_tokens": obj.get("usage", {}).get("completion_tokens", 0)},
-                                        )
-                                        usage_chunk_data = obj
-                                        continue
-                                    # Content-bearing chunk — yield it, but also save usage for later injection
-                                    logger.debug(
-                                        "[chat] Content chunk with usage — yielding",
-                                        extra={"model": obj.get("model"), "completion_tokens": obj.get("usage", {}).get("completion_tokens", 0)},
-                                    )
-                                    if not usage_chunk_data:
-                                        usage_chunk_data = obj
-                                logger.debug(
-                                    "[chat] Yielding chunk to client",
-                                    extra={"model": obj.get("model")},
-                                )
-                                yield b"data: " + json.dumps(obj).encode() + b"\n\n"
-                                continue
-                        except Exception as e:
-                            logger.debug(
-                                "[chat] JSON parse failed for event",
-                                extra={"error": str(e), "event_preview": event_raw[:200].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")},
+                field_lines: list[bytes] = []
+                data_lines: list[bytes] = []
+                for line in event.split(b"\n"):
+                    line = line.rstrip(b"\r")
+                    if line.startswith(b"data:"):
+                        # Strip the field name and a single optional leading space.
+                        data_lines.append(line[len(b"data:") :].lstrip(b" "))
+                    elif line.startswith(b":"):
+                        # SSE comment / keepalive - drop.
+                        continue
+                    elif line:
+                        # Other SSE field (event:/id:/retry:) - preserve in order.
+                        field_lines.append(line)
+
+                if not data_lines:
+                    return
+
+                data = b"\n".join(data_lines)
+                if not data.strip():
+                    return
+
+                # Re-emit preserved SSE fields immediately before the data line so
+                # event/data framing stays intact (single trailing newline each;
+                # the blank-line terminator is appended to the data line below).
+                prefix = b"".join(fl + b"\n" for fl in field_lines)
+
+                if data.strip() == b"[DONE]":
+                    done_seen = True
+                    return
+
+                try:
+                    obj = json.loads(data)
+                except Exception:
+                    obj = None
+
+                if isinstance(obj, dict):
+                    self._apply_provider_field(obj)
+                    if obj.get("model"):
+                        last_model_seen = str(obj.get("model"))
+                    if requested_model:
+                        obj["model"] = requested_model
+                    if (
+                        "id" not in obj
+                        or not isinstance(obj["id"], str)
+                        or obj["id"] == "existing-id"
+                    ):
+                        if not hasattr(self, "_current_stream_id"):
+                            self._current_stream_id = f"chatcmpl-{uuid.uuid4()}"
+                        obj["id"] = self._current_stream_id
+                    if isinstance(obj.get("usage"), dict):
+                        # Capture usage for end-of-stream cost reconciliation.
+                        # Some models (e.g. Gemini thinking models over the
+                        # OpenAI-compat endpoint) attach ``usage`` to the SAME
+                        # chunk that carries the final content/finish_reason
+                        # rather than sending a separate ``choices: []`` usage
+                        # chunk. Only swallow the chunk when it is a pure usage
+                        # chunk (no choices); otherwise the content would be
+                        # silently dropped and the client would receive no
+                        # assistant message at all.
+                        if obj.get("choices"):
+                            # Capture usage (with model) for the cost trailer,
+                            # but with choices stripped so the trailer never
+                            # re-emits this chunk's content.
+                            usage_chunk_data = {
+                                k: v for k, v in obj.items() if k != "choices"
+                            }
+                            usage_chunk_data["choices"] = []
+                            # Forward the content now, without usage, so token
+                            # usage is reported exactly once (in the trailer).
+                            forward = {k: v for k, v in obj.items() if k != "usage"}
+                            yield (
+                                prefix
+                                + b"data: "
+                                + json.dumps(forward).encode()
+                                + b"\n\n"
                             )
+                            return
+                        usage_chunk_data = obj
+                        return
+                    yield prefix + b"data: " + json.dumps(obj).encode() + b"\n\n"
+                else:
+                    # Non-JSON data payload (partial fragment already reassembled
+                    # by buffering, or a provider control string). Re-prefix each
+                    # line so multi-line ``data`` stays valid SSE framing - a bare
+                    # second line would otherwise reach the client without its
+                    # ``data:`` field and break naive parsers.
+                    body = b"".join(
+                        b"data: " + ln + b"\n" for ln in data.split(b"\n")
+                    )
+                    yield prefix + body + b"\n"
 
-                        # If JSON parsing failed but it looks like valid SSE, pass through
-                        if event_raw.startswith(b"data: "):
-                            yield event_raw + b"\n\n"
-                        else:
-                            yield b"data: " + event_raw + b"\n\n"
+            try:
+                # Buffer bytes across network chunks and dispatch only on the SSE
+                # event delimiter (a blank line). ``aiter_bytes`` yields arbitrary
+                # byte boundaries, so a single event's JSON can span chunks and
+                # multiple events can arrive together; buffering makes parsing
+                # boundary-independent for every provider.
+                buffer = b""
+                async for chunk in response.aiter_bytes():
+                    buffer += chunk.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
+                    while b"\n\n" in buffer:
+                        raw_event, buffer = buffer.split(b"\n\n", 1)
+                        for out in _process_event(raw_event):
+                            yield out
 
-                logger.debug(
-                    "[chat] Upstream stream ended",
-                    extra={"usage_chunk_data": bool(usage_chunk_data), "last_model": last_model_seen},
-                )
+                # Flush any trailing event that lacked a final blank line.
+                if buffer.strip():
+                    for out in _process_event(buffer):
+                        yield out
 
                 async with create_session() as session:
                     fresh_key = await session.get(key.__class__, key.hashed_key)
@@ -1112,67 +1162,97 @@ class BaseUpstreamProvider:
                     except Exception:
                         pass
 
+            def _process_event(raw_event: bytes) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+                """Process one complete SSE event block for the Responses API.
+
+                Buffers full events (delimited by a blank line) so parsing is
+                boundary-independent, gathers ``data:`` lines, drops comment/
+                keepalive lines (e.g. OpenRouter's ``: OPENROUTER PROCESSING``),
+                and preserves ``event:``/``id:`` fields attached to their data
+                line so Responses API event framing stays intact.
+                """
+                nonlocal last_model_seen, usage_chunk_data, done_seen
+                nonlocal reasoning_tokens
+
+                event = raw_event.strip(b"\r\n")
+                if not event:
+                    return
+
+                field_lines: list[bytes] = []
+                data_lines: list[bytes] = []
+                for line in event.split(b"\n"):
+                    line = line.rstrip(b"\r")
+                    if line.startswith(b"data:"):
+                        data_lines.append(line[len(b"data:") :].lstrip(b" "))
+                    elif line.startswith(b":"):
+                        # SSE comment / keepalive - drop.
+                        continue
+                    elif line:
+                        # Preserve event:/id:/retry: (Responses API event names).
+                        field_lines.append(line)
+
+                if not data_lines:
+                    return
+
+                data = b"\n".join(data_lines)
+                if not data.strip():
+                    return
+
+                prefix = b"".join(fl + b"\n" for fl in field_lines)
+
+                if data.strip() == b"[DONE]":
+                    done_seen = True
+                    return
+
+                try:
+                    obj = json.loads(data)
+                except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                    obj = None
+
+                if isinstance(obj, dict):
+                    self._apply_provider_field(obj)
+                    if obj.get("model"):
+                        last_model_seen = str(obj.get("model"))
+                    if requested_model:
+                        obj["model"] = requested_model
+
+                    # Track reasoning tokens for Responses API
+                    if usage := obj.get("usage", {}):
+                        if isinstance(usage, dict) and "reasoning_tokens" in usage:
+                            reasoning_tokens += usage.get("reasoning_tokens", 0)
+
+                    # Responses API usage is in response.completed/incomplete events
+                    chunk_type = obj.get("type", "")
+                    if chunk_type in (
+                        "response.completed",
+                        "response.incomplete",
+                    ):
+                        usage_chunk_data = obj
+                        return
+
+                    yield prefix + b"data: " + json.dumps(obj).encode() + b"\n\n"
+                else:
+                    # Re-prefix each line so multi-line ``data`` stays valid SSE
+                    # framing for the client.
+                    body = b"".join(
+                        b"data: " + ln + b"\n" for ln in data.split(b"\n")
+                    )
+                    yield prefix + body + b"\n"
+
             try:
-                sse_buffer = b""
+                # Buffer across network chunks; dispatch only on the SSE event
+                # delimiter so parsing is independent of byte boundaries.
+                buffer = b""
                 async for chunk in response.aiter_bytes():
-                    sse_buffer += chunk
-                    # SSE events are separated by \n\n (double newline).
-                    # Process complete events and keep incomplete ones in the buffer.
-                    while b"\n\n" in sse_buffer:
-                        event_raw, sse_buffer = sse_buffer.split(b"\n\n", 1)
-                        event_raw = event_raw.strip()
-                        if not event_raw:
-                            continue
+                    buffer += chunk.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
+                    while b"\n\n" in buffer:
+                        raw_event, buffer = buffer.split(b"\n\n", 1)
+                        for out in _process_event(raw_event):
+                            yield out
 
-                        if event_raw == b"data: [DONE]":
-                            done_seen = True
-                            continue
-
-                        # Extract the JSON payload from "data: {...}"
-                        data_prefix = b"data: "
-                        if event_raw.startswith(data_prefix):
-                            payload_bytes = event_raw[len(data_prefix):]
-                        else:
-                            payload_bytes = event_raw
-
-                        try:
-                            obj = json.loads(payload_bytes)
-                            if isinstance(obj, dict):
-                                self._apply_provider_field(obj)
-                                if obj.get("model"):
-                                    last_model_seen = str(obj.get("model"))
-                                if requested_model:
-                                    obj["model"] = requested_model
-
-                                # Track reasoning tokens for Responses API
-                                if usage := obj.get("usage", {}):
-                                    if (
-                                        isinstance(usage, dict)
-                                        and "reasoning_tokens" in usage
-                                    ):
-                                        reasoning_tokens += usage.get(
-                                            "reasoning_tokens", 0
-                                        )
-
-                                # Responses API usage is in response.completed/incomplete events
-                                chunk_type = obj.get("type", "")
-                                if chunk_type in (
-                                    "response.completed",
-                                    "response.incomplete",
-                                ):
-                                    usage_chunk_data = obj
-                                    continue
-
-                                yield b"data: " + json.dumps(obj).encode() + b"\n\n"
-                                continue
-                        except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                            pass
-
-                        # Pass through non-JSON SSE events
-                        if event_raw.startswith(b"data: "):
-                            yield event_raw + b"\n\n"
-                        else:
-                            yield b"data: " + event_raw + b"\n\n"
+                if buffer.strip():
+                    for out in _process_event(buffer):
+                        yield out
 
                 # Always emit a cost-bearing data chunk
                 async with create_session() as session:

routstr/upstream/openrouter.py

@@ -18,6 +18,33 @@ class OpenRouterUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     supports_anthropic_messages = True
     litellm_provider_prefix = "openrouter/"
 
+    def _apply_provider_field(self, response_json: object) -> None:
+        """Stamp the ``provider`` field for OpenRouter responses.
+
+        OpenRouter is a router, not the real serving provider, so a bare
+        ``"openrouter"`` value carries no useful information. Rules:
+
+        - Real upstream sub-provider (e.g. ``"GMICloud"``) -> ``"openrouter:GMICloud"``.
+        - Missing sub-provider, or one that merely echoes ``"openrouter"`` ->
+          ``"unknown"``.
+        - Idempotent: re-stamping never produces ``"openrouter:openrouter:..."``;
+          the ``openrouter:`` prefix appears at most once.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(response_json, dict):
+            return
+        provider_type = (self.provider_type or "").strip()
+        existing = response_json.get("provider")
+        sub = existing.strip() if isinstance(existing, str) else ""
+        # Strip any already-applied "openrouter:" prefixes (idempotency).
+        prefix = f"{provider_type}:"
+        while sub.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
+            sub = sub[len(prefix) :].strip()
+        # No real sub-provider, or it just echoes our own router name.
+        if not sub or sub.lower() == provider_type.lower():
+            response_json["provider"] = "unknown"
+            return
+        response_json["provider"] = f"{provider_type}:{sub}"
+
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.06):
         """Initialize OpenRouter provider with API key.
 

tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -174,17 +174,20 @@ class TestmintWallet:
         """Fallback method to create a basic test token"""
         import base64
         import json
-        import random
-        import time
+        import secrets
 
-        unique_id = int(time.time() * 1000000) + random.randint(1000, 9999)
+        # Use a cryptographically random id/secret so every minted token is
+        # guaranteed unique. Time/PRNG-based ids can collide on hosts with
+        # coarse clock resolution, producing byte-identical tokens that hash to
+        # the same api_key and silently dedupe (flaky concurrency tests).
+        unique_id = secrets.token_hex(16)
         token_data = {
             "token": [
                 {
                     "mint": self.mint_url,
                     "proofs": [
                         {
-                            "id": f"009a1f293253e41e{unique_id % 100000000:08d}",
+                            "id": f"009a1f293253e41e{unique_id[:8]}",
                             "amount": amount,
                             "secret": f"test-secret-{amount}-{unique_id}",
                             "C": "02194603ffa36356f4a56b7df9371fc3192472351453ec7398b8da8117e7c3e104",

tests/integration/test_child_keys.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 import secrets
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
 
 from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens, pay_for_request
 from routstr.balance import ChildKeyRequest, create_child_key
-from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, create_session
 from routstr.core.settings import settings
 
 
@@ -119,6 +120,54 @@ async def test_child_key_insufficient_balance(
     assert exc.value.status_code == 402
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_concurrent_child_key_creation_is_atomic(
+    patched_db_engine: None,
+) -> None:
+    """Two concurrent create_child_key() calls with balance for exactly one must
+    result in exactly one success and one 402, with the parent balance deducted
+    only once."""
+    child_key_cost = 1000
+    settings.child_key_cost = child_key_cost
+
+    parent_hash = f"parent_concurrent_{secrets.token_hex(8)}"
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        parent = ApiKey(hashed_key=parent_hash, balance=child_key_cost)
+        session.add(parent)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    async def attempt() -> None:
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            fresh_parent = await session.get(ApiKey, parent_hash)
+            assert fresh_parent is not None
+            try:
+                await create_child_key(ChildKeyRequest(count=1), fresh_parent, session)
+                results.append("success")
+            except HTTPException as exc:
+                assert exc.status_code == 402
+                results.append("blocked")
+
+    await asyncio.gather(attempt(), attempt())
+
+    assert sorted(results) == ["blocked", "success"], (
+        f"Expected exactly one success and one 402, got: {results}"
+    )
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        final = await session.get(ApiKey, parent_hash)
+        assert final is not None
+
+    assert final.balance == 0, (
+        f"Balance should be fully deducted once: expected 0, got {final.balance}"
+    )
+    assert final.total_spent == child_key_cost, (
+        f"total_spent should equal one deduction: expected {child_key_cost}, "
+        f"got {final.total_spent}"
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_child_key_cannot_create_child(integration_session: AsyncSession) -> None:
     parent_key = ApiKey(

tests/integration/test_lightning_invoice_constraints.py

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""Integration tests for Lightning invoice key constraint fields.
+
+Covers two things:
+- The three constraint fields (balance_limit, balance_limit_reset, validity_date)
+  are persisted on LightningInvoice and survive a DB round-trip.
+- create_api_key_from_invoice propagates those fields to the created ApiKey,
+  so the constraints are actually enforced when the key is used.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, LightningInvoice
+from routstr.lightning import create_api_key_from_invoice
+
+
+def _make_invoice(**kwargs: object) -> LightningInvoice:
+    base = dict(
+        id="inv_test_001",
+        bolt11="lnbc1000n1test",
+        amount_sats=1000,
+        description="test invoice",
+        payment_hash="deadbeef" * 8,
+        status="paid",
+        purpose="create",
+        expires_at=int(time.time()) + 3600,
+        paid_at=int(time.time()),
+    )
+    base.update(kwargs)
+    return LightningInvoice(**base)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_wallet_mint() -> object:
+    with patch("routstr.lightning.get_wallet") as mock_get_wallet:
+        wallet = AsyncMock()
+        wallet.mint = AsyncMock(return_value=[])
+        mock_get_wallet.return_value = wallet
+        yield mock_get_wallet
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Persistence
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_invoice_persists_balance_limit(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    invoice = _make_invoice(balance_limit=5000)
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored = await integration_session.get(LightningInvoice, invoice.id)
+    assert stored is not None
+    assert stored.balance_limit == 5000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_invoice_persists_balance_limit_reset(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    invoice = _make_invoice(balance_limit=5000, balance_limit_reset="daily")
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored = await integration_session.get(LightningInvoice, invoice.id)
+    assert stored is not None
+    assert stored.balance_limit_reset == "daily"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_invoice_persists_validity_date(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    expiry = int(time.time()) + 86400
+    invoice = _make_invoice(validity_date=expiry)
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored = await integration_session.get(LightningInvoice, invoice.id)
+    assert stored is not None
+    assert stored.validity_date == expiry
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Propagation to ApiKey
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_created_key_receives_balance_limit(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    invoice = _make_invoice(balance_limit=8000)
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.flush()
+
+    api_key = await create_api_key_from_invoice(invoice, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored_key = await integration_session.get(ApiKey, api_key.hashed_key)
+    assert stored_key is not None
+    assert stored_key.balance_limit == 8000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_created_key_receives_balance_limit_reset(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    invoice = _make_invoice(balance_limit=8000, balance_limit_reset="monthly")
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.flush()
+
+    api_key = await create_api_key_from_invoice(invoice, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored_key = await integration_session.get(ApiKey, api_key.hashed_key)
+    assert stored_key is not None
+    assert stored_key.balance_limit_reset == "monthly"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_created_key_receives_validity_date(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    expiry = int(time.time()) + 86400
+    invoice = _make_invoice(validity_date=expiry)
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.flush()
+
+    api_key = await create_api_key_from_invoice(invoice, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored_key = await integration_session.get(ApiKey, api_key.hashed_key)
+    assert stored_key is not None
+    assert stored_key.validity_date == expiry
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_created_key_without_constraints_has_none_fields(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    invoice = _make_invoice()
+    integration_session.add(invoice)
+    await integration_session.flush()
+
+    api_key = await create_api_key_from_invoice(invoice, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    stored_key = await integration_session.get(ApiKey, api_key.hashed_key)
+    assert stored_key is not None
+    assert stored_key.balance_limit is None
+    assert stored_key.balance_limit_reset is None
+    assert stored_key.validity_date is None

tests/integration/test_temporary_balances_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from sqlmodel import col, update
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.core.admin import admin_sessions
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+
+
+def _admin_headers() -> dict[str, str]:
+    token = "test-admin-token"
+    admin_sessions[token] = int(
+        (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp()
+    )
+    return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
+
+
+async def _add_key(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    hashed_key: str,
+    *,
+    balance: int = 0,
+    total_spent: int = 0,
+    total_requests: int = 0,
+    created_at: int | None = None,
+    parent_key_hash: str | None = None,
+    refund_address: str | None = None,
+) -> ApiKey:
+    key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=hashed_key,
+        balance=balance,
+        total_spent=total_spent,
+        total_requests=total_requests,
+        parent_key_hash=parent_key_hash,
+        refund_address=refund_address,
+    )
+    key.created_at = created_at
+    session.add(key)
+    await session.commit()
+
+    # The model's default_factory is translated into a SQLAlchemy column
+    # default that fires on INSERT whenever the value is None, so a true NULL
+    # (a legacy row created before the column existed) can only be produced by
+    # an explicit UPDATE after insert.
+    if created_at is None:
+        await session.exec(
+            update(ApiKey)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == hashed_key)
+            .values(created_at=None)
+        )
+        await session.commit()
+    return key
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_envelope_and_created_at(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    await _add_key(integration_session, "key_a", balance=1000, created_at=1000)
+
+    response = await integration_client.get(
+        "/admin/api/temporary-balances", headers=_admin_headers()
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    body = response.json()
+    assert set(body.keys()) == {"balances", "total", "totals"}
+    assert body["total"] == 1
+    assert body["balances"][0]["hashed_key"] == "key_a"
+    assert body["balances"][0]["created_at"] == 1000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_sorted_latest_first_nulls_last(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    await _add_key(integration_session, "older", created_at=1000)
+    await _add_key(integration_session, "newer", created_at=2000)
+    await _add_key(integration_session, "legacy", created_at=None)
+
+    response = await integration_client.get(
+        "/admin/api/temporary-balances", headers=_admin_headers()
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    order = [b["hashed_key"] for b in response.json()["balances"]]
+    # Newest created first, NULL created_at (legacy) sorts last.
+    assert order == ["newer", "older", "legacy"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_pagination(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    for i in range(5):
+        await _add_key(integration_session, f"key_{i}", created_at=1000 + i)
+
+    headers = _admin_headers()
+    page1 = (
+        await integration_client.get(
+            "/admin/api/temporary-balances?limit=2&offset=0", headers=headers
+        )
+    ).json()
+    page2 = (
+        await integration_client.get(
+            "/admin/api/temporary-balances?limit=2&offset=2", headers=headers
+        )
+    ).json()
+
+    assert page1["total"] == 5
+    assert page2["total"] == 5
+    assert [b["hashed_key"] for b in page1["balances"]] == ["key_4", "key_3"]
+    assert [b["hashed_key"] for b in page2["balances"]] == ["key_2", "key_1"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_totals_exclude_child_balance(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    await _add_key(
+        integration_session,
+        "parent",
+        balance=5000,
+        total_spent=100,
+        total_requests=3,
+        created_at=1000,
+    )
+    # Child draws from parent's balance, so its balance must NOT be summed,
+    # but its spent/requests still count.
+    await _add_key(
+        integration_session,
+        "child",
+        balance=0,
+        total_spent=200,
+        total_requests=7,
+        created_at=1001,
+        parent_key_hash="parent",
+    )
+
+    response = await integration_client.get(
+        "/admin/api/temporary-balances", headers=_admin_headers()
+    )
+
+    totals = response.json()["totals"]
+    assert totals["total_balance"] == 5000
+    assert totals["total_spent"] == 300
+    assert totals["total_requests"] == 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_search_filters_total_and_totals(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    await _add_key(
+        integration_session,
+        "alpha",
+        balance=1000,
+        created_at=1000,
+        refund_address="alice@ln.tld",
+    )
+    await _add_key(
+        integration_session,
+        "beta",
+        balance=2000,
+        created_at=1001,
+        refund_address="bob@ln.tld",
+    )
+
+    headers = _admin_headers()
+
+    # Match by hashed_key.
+    by_key = (
+        await integration_client.get(
+            "/admin/api/temporary-balances?search=alpha", headers=headers
+        )
+    ).json()
+    assert by_key["total"] == 1
+    assert by_key["balances"][0]["hashed_key"] == "alpha"
+    # totals reflect only the filtered set.
+    assert by_key["totals"]["total_balance"] == 1000
+
+    # Match by refund_address.
+    by_addr = (
+        await integration_client.get(
+            "/admin/api/temporary-balances?search=bob@ln.tld", headers=headers
+        )
+    ).json()
+    assert by_addr["total"] == 1
+    assert by_addr["balances"][0]["hashed_key"] == "beta"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_temporary_balances_requires_admin(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    response = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/temporary-balances")
+    assert response.status_code in (401, 403)

tests/unit/test_provider_field_injection.py

@@ -32,11 +32,39 @@ def test_apply_provider_field_openrouter_passthrough() -> None:
 
 
 def test_apply_provider_field_openrouter_no_upstream_provider() -> None:
-    """If OpenRouter omits the provider field, fall back to provider_type."""
+    """If OpenRouter omits the provider field, the real serving provider is
+    unknown — a bare ``openrouter`` value carries no information."""
     p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
     data: dict = {"id": "gen-abc"}
     p._apply_provider_field(data)
-    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter"
+    assert data["provider"] == "unknown"
+
+
+def test_apply_provider_field_openrouter_echoes_router_name() -> None:
+    """If OpenRouter reports its own name as the provider, treat as unknown."""
+    p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
+    data: dict = {"provider": "openrouter"}
+    p._apply_provider_field(data)
+    assert data["provider"] == "unknown"
+
+
+def test_apply_provider_field_openrouter_idempotent_no_double_prefix() -> None:
+    """Re-stamping must never nest the prefix: openrouter only once."""
+    p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
+    data: dict = {"provider": "GMICloud"}
+    p._apply_provider_field(data)
+    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter:GMICloud"
+    # Second pass (e.g. streaming) keeps a single prefix.
+    p._apply_provider_field(data)
+    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter:GMICloud"
+
+
+def test_apply_provider_field_openrouter_collapses_existing_double_prefix() -> None:
+    """A pre-existing double prefix is collapsed to a single one."""
+    p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
+    data: dict = {"provider": "openrouter:openrouter:GMICloud"}
+    p._apply_provider_field(data)
+    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter:GMICloud"
 
 
 def test_apply_provider_field_strips_whitespace() -> None:
@@ -50,28 +78,24 @@ def test_apply_provider_field_blank_upstream_treated_as_missing() -> None:
     p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
     data: dict = {"provider": "   "}
     p._apply_provider_field(data)
-    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter"
+    assert data["provider"] == "unknown"
 
 
 def test_apply_provider_field_non_string_upstream_treated_as_missing() -> None:
     p = _make_provider(OpenRouterUpstreamProvider, "openrouter")
     data: dict = {"provider": 42}
     p._apply_provider_field(data)
-    assert data["provider"] == "openrouter"
+    assert data["provider"] == "unknown"
 
 
 def test_apply_provider_field_idempotent_for_direct_upstream() -> None:
-    """Calling twice on a direct upstream payload should keep the same
-    value, not nest the prefix repeatedly."""
+    """Calling twice on a direct upstream payload keeps the same value and
+    never nests the prefix (no ``anthropic:anthropic``)."""
     p = _make_provider(AnthropicUpstreamProvider, "anthropic")
     data: dict = {}
     p._apply_provider_field(data)
     p._apply_provider_field(data)
-    assert data["provider"] == "anthropic:anthropic"
-    # Document current (deliberate) behavior: second pass treats the
-    # first-pass value as an upstream-reported provider. Callers should
-    # only invoke this once per chunk — guarded via the
-    # ``"provider" not in data`` checks in streaming paths.
+    assert data["provider"] == "anthropic"
 
 
 def test_apply_provider_field_ignores_non_dict() -> None:

tests/unit/test_streaming_sse_providers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+"""Battle-test the streaming SSE parser against real per-provider framing.
+
+Each test drives the *actual* ``handle_streaming_chat_completion`` generator
+with a mock upstream response whose ``aiter_bytes`` emits byte sequences that
+mirror what each supported provider sends on the wire (captured from the
+providers' own streaming docs):
+
+* OpenAI / Groq / Fireworks / xAI / Perplexity / Azure - plain
+  ``data: {json}\\n\\n`` + ``data: [DONE]``.
+* OpenRouter - same, but with ``: OPENROUTER PROCESSING`` keepalive comments
+  interleaved (the framing that produced the original
+  ``Unexpected token ':'`` client crash).
+* Gemini (native ``alt=sse``) - ``data:`` payloads framed with CRLF.
+
+The invariant every provider must satisfy: every line the proxy emits that
+starts with ``data: `` either equals ``[DONE]`` or is valid JSON, and no SSE
+comment ever reaches the client. That invariant is exactly what the buggy
+``re.split(b"data: ")`` parser violated for OpenRouter.
+"""
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.upstream import base
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider
+
+
+def _make_response(chunks: list[bytes]) -> MagicMock:
+    async def aiter_bytes() -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            yield chunk
+
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.headers = {"content-type": "text/event-stream"}
+    mock_response.aiter_bytes = aiter_bytes
+    return mock_response
+
+
+async def _drive(chunks: list[bytes], requested_model: str | None = None) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Run the real streaming generator over ``chunks`` and collect output bytes."""
+    provider = BaseUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://api.example.com", api_key="test_key"
+    )
+
+    key = MagicMock(spec=ApiKey)
+    key.hashed_key = "test_hash"
+    key.balance = 1000
+
+    base.adjust_payment_for_tokens = AsyncMock(
+        return_value={"total_usd": 0.1, "total_msats": 100}
+    )
+    mock_session = MagicMock()
+    mock_session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    mock_ctx = MagicMock()
+    mock_ctx.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_session)
+    mock_ctx.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    base.create_session = MagicMock(return_value=mock_ctx)
+
+    streaming_response = await provider.handle_streaming_chat_completion(
+        response=_make_response(chunks),
+        key=key,
+        max_cost_for_model=100,
+        background_tasks=MagicMock(),
+        requested_model=requested_model,
+    )
+
+    out: list[bytes] = []
+    async for chunk in streaming_response.body_iterator:
+        if isinstance(chunk, str):
+            out.append(chunk.encode())
+        else:
+            out.append(bytes(chunk))
+    return out
+
+
+def _data_payloads(out: list[bytes]) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Return the raw payload of every ``data: `` line across all emitted bytes."""
+    payloads: list[bytes] = []
+    for chunk in out:
+        for line in chunk.split(b"\n"):
+            if line.startswith(b"data: "):
+                payloads.append(line[len(b"data: ") :])
+    return payloads
+
+
+def _assert_clean(out: list[bytes]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Core invariant: every data line is [DONE] or valid JSON; no comments leak."""
+    blob = b"".join(out)
+    # No SSE comment line must ever reach the client.
+    for line in blob.split(b"\n"):
+        assert not line.startswith(b":"), f"comment leaked to client: {line!r}"
+        # The original bug signature: a data line whose value is itself a comment.
+        assert not line.startswith(b"data: :"), f"mangled comment frame: {line!r}"
+
+    objs: list[dict] = []
+    for payload in _data_payloads(out):
+        stripped = payload.strip()
+        if stripped == b"[DONE]":
+            continue
+        obj = json.loads(stripped)  # raises if the proxy emitted non-JSON data
+        objs.append(obj)
+    return objs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openai_style_plain_stream() -> None:
+    """OpenAI / Groq / Fireworks / xAI / Perplexity: plain data + [DONE]."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"Hello"}}]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":" world"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    assert any(o.get("choices") for o in objs)
+    assert b"data: [DONE]\n\n" in b"".join(out)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openrouter_keepalive_comments() -> None:
+    """OpenRouter ``: OPENROUTER PROCESSING`` keepalives must never crash clients.
+
+    This is the exact regression: the old parser emitted
+    ``data: : OPENROUTER PROCESSING`` which made downstream
+    ``JSON.parse`` throw ``Unexpected token ':'``.
+    """
+    chunks = [
+        b": OPENROUTER PROCESSING\n\n",
+        b": OPENROUTER PROCESSING\n\n",
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"Hi"}}]}\n\n',
+        b": OPENROUTER PROCESSING\n\n",
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"!"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    # The keepalive must be gone entirely.
+    assert b"OPENROUTER PROCESSING" not in b"".join(out)
+    # Real content survived.
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    assert "Hi" in contents and "!" in contents
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openrouter_comment_glued_to_data_chunk() -> None:
+    """Keepalive packed into the same TCP chunk as data (the harder case)."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"a"}}]}\n\n'
+        b": OPENROUTER PROCESSING\n\n"
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"b"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    assert contents == ["a", "b"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_json_split_across_chunk_boundary() -> None:
+    """A single event's JSON arriving in two TCP reads must reassemble."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"con',
+        b'tent":"split"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    assert contents == ["split"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_byte_by_byte_fragmentation() -> None:
+    """Pathological framing: one byte per chunk. Must still parse cleanly."""
+    raw = (
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"drip"}}]}\n\n'
+        b": OPENROUTER PROCESSING\n\n"
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n"
+    )
+    chunks = [raw[i : i + 1] for i in range(len(raw))]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    assert objs and objs[0]["choices"][0]["delta"]["content"] == "drip"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_gemini_crlf_framing() -> None:
+    """Gemini native (alt=sse) frames events with CRLF."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"g","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"hej"}}]}\r\n\r\n',
+        b'data: {"id":"g","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"!"}}]}\r\n\r\n',
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    assert contents == ["hej", "!"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_azure_leading_role_chunk() -> None:
+    """Azure OpenAI opens with a content-filter / role-only chunk."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"az","choices":[],"prompt_filter_results":[]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"id":"az","choices":[{"delta":{"role":"assistant"}}]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"id":"az","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"ok"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    _assert_clean(out)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openrouter_mid_stream_error_event() -> None:
+    """OpenRouter mid-stream errors arrive as a normal data JSON event."""
+    err = {
+        "id": "x",
+        "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
+        "model": "openai/gpt-4o",
+        "error": {"code": "server_error", "message": "Provider disconnected"},
+        "choices": [{"index": 0, "delta": {"content": ""}, "finish_reason": "error"}],
+    }
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"partial"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: " + json.dumps(err).encode() + b"\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    assert any("error" in o for o in objs), "error event must be forwarded intact"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_gemini_combined_content_and_usage_chunk() -> None:
+    """Gemini thinking models pack usage into the final *content* chunk.
+
+    Regression: the parser swallowed any chunk carrying a ``usage`` dict, so
+    when content + usage arrived together the assistant text was dropped and
+    the client saw "no assistant messages" despite a 200 + token accounting.
+    """
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"g","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"the answer"},'
+        b'"finish_reason":"stop"}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":3,'
+        b'"completion_tokens":2,"total_tokens":5}}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    # Content delivered exactly once (not dropped, not duplicated by the trailer).
+    assert contents == ["the answer"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_separate_usage_chunk_not_forwarded_as_content() -> None:
+    """A pure usage chunk (choices: []) is still swallowed, content intact."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"hello"}}]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"id":"x","choices":[],"usage":{"total_tokens":4}}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    contents = [
+        c["delta"]["content"]
+        for o in objs
+        for c in o.get("choices", [])
+        if "delta" in c
+    ]
+    assert contents == ["hello"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_requested_model_override_applied() -> None:
+    """Model rewriting still works through the buffered parser."""
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"id":"x","model":"upstream-model","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"hi"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks, requested_model="routstr-model")
+    objs = _assert_clean(out)
+    # The upstream content chunk carried model "upstream-model"; the parser must
+    # rewrite it to the requested model. (The trailing routstr-generated usage
+    # chunk is excluded - it is not an upstream-forwarded chunk.)
+    content_chunks = [o for o in objs if o.get("choices")]
+    assert content_chunks, "expected at least one forwarded content chunk"
+    assert all(o.get("model") == "routstr-model" for o in content_chunks)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_multiline_non_json_data_each_line_prefixed() -> None:
+    """A multi-line non-JSON ``data`` block must keep a ``data:`` prefix per line.
+
+    Two ``data:`` lines in one event reassemble to ``line one\\nline two``, which
+    is not JSON, so it takes the raw-forward path. The parser must re-prefix each
+    line; a bare second line would reach the client without its ``data:`` field
+    and break naive SSE parsers.
+    """
+    chunks = [
+        b"data: line one\ndata: line two\n\n",
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+    out = await _drive(chunks)
+    blob = b"".join(out)
+    for line in blob.split(b"\n"):
+        stripped = line.strip()
+        if not stripped or stripped == b"[DONE]":
+            continue
+        assert line.startswith(b"data: "), f"bare line leaked to client: {line!r}"
+    assert b"data: line one" in blob and b"data: line two" in blob

ui/components/temporary-balances.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use client';
 
-import { useState } from 'react';
-import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useQuery, keepPreviousData } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import {
   RefreshCw,
   AlertCircle,
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import {
   Clock,
   DollarSign,
   Activity,
+  ChevronLeft,
+  ChevronRight,
 } from 'lucide-react';
-import { AdminService, TemporaryBalance } from '@/lib/api/services/admin';
+import { AdminService } from '@/lib/api/services/admin';
 import {
   Card,
   CardContent,
@@ -41,52 +43,12 @@ import {
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import type { DisplayUnit } from '@/lib/types/units';
 import { formatFromMsat } from '@/lib/currency';
+import { format } from 'date-fns';
 
-function getTotals(balances: TemporaryBalance[]) {
-  let totalBalance = 0;
-  let totalSpent = 0;
-  let totalRequests = 0;
+const PAGE_SIZE = 50;
 
-  balances.forEach((balance) => {
-    if (!balance.parent_key_hash) {
-      totalBalance += balance.balance || 0;
-    }
-    totalSpent += balance.total_spent || 0;
-    totalRequests += balance.total_requests || 0;
-  });
-
-  return { totalBalance, totalSpent, totalRequests };
-}
-
-function buildHierarchicalData(
-  allBalances: TemporaryBalance[],
-  filteredBalances: TemporaryBalance[]
-) {
-  const parents = filteredBalances.filter((item) => !item.parent_key_hash);
-  const result: Array<TemporaryBalance & { isChild?: boolean }> = [];
-
-  parents.forEach((parent) => {
-    result.push(parent);
-
-    const children = allBalances.filter(
-      (item) => item.parent_key_hash === parent.hashed_key
-    );
-
-    children.forEach((child) => {
-      result.push({ ...child, isChild: true });
-    });
-  });
-
-  const orphans = filteredBalances.filter(
-    (item) =>
-      item.parent_key_hash &&
-      !result.some((r) => r.hashed_key === item.hashed_key)
-  );
-
-  result.push(...orphans.map((item) => ({ ...item, isChild: true })));
-
-  return result;
-}
+const formatCreatedAt = (createdAt: number | null | undefined) =>
+  createdAt ? format(createdAt * 1000, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') : '—';
 
 export function TemporaryBalances({
   refreshInterval = 10000,
@@ -98,38 +60,55 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
   usdPerSat: number | null;
 }) {
   const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
+  const [debouncedSearch, setDebouncedSearch] = useState('');
+  const [page, setPage] = useState(0);
+
+  // Debounce the search input so we don't refetch on every keystroke.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handle = setTimeout(() => setDebouncedSearch(searchTerm), 300);
+    return () => clearTimeout(handle);
+  }, [searchTerm]);
+
+  // Reset to the first page whenever the active search changes.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setPage(0);
+  }, [debouncedSearch]);
+
+  const searchParam = debouncedSearch || undefined;
 
   const { data, isLoading, isError, error, isFetching, refetch } = useQuery({
-    queryKey: ['temporary-balances'],
-    queryFn: async () => AdminService.getTemporaryBalances(),
+    queryKey: ['temporary-balances', searchParam, page],
+    queryFn: async () =>
+      AdminService.getTemporaryBalances(
+        searchParam,
+        PAGE_SIZE,
+        page * PAGE_SIZE
+      ),
     refetchInterval: refreshInterval,
+    placeholderData: keepPreviousData,
   });
 
   const formatBalance = (msat: number) =>
     formatFromMsat(msat, displayUnit, usdPerSat);
 
-  const filteredData = data
-    ? data.filter(
-        (item) =>
-          item.hashed_key.toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase()) ||
-          item.refund_address?.toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase())
-      )
-    : [];
-
-  const totals = data
-    ? getTotals(data)
-    : { totalBalance: 0, totalSpent: 0, totalRequests: 0 };
-
-  const rows = data ? buildHierarchicalData(data, filteredData) : [];
+  const rows = data?.balances ?? [];
+  const total = data?.total ?? 0;
+  const totals = data?.totals ?? {
+    total_balance: 0,
+    total_spent: 0,
+    total_requests: 0,
+  };
+  const totalPages = Math.ceil(total / PAGE_SIZE);
 
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader className='pb-4'>
         <div className='flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-start sm:justify-between'>
           <div className='space-y-1.5'>
-            <CardTitle>Temporary Balances</CardTitle>
+            <CardTitle>API Keys</CardTitle>
             <CardDescription className='max-w-2xl'>
-              API keys with their current balances and usage statistics
+              API keys with their current balances and usage statistics, newest
+              first
             </CardDescription>
           </div>
 
@@ -156,7 +135,7 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                   (isFetching || isLoading) && 'animate-spin'
                 )}
               />
-              <span className='sr-only'>Refresh temporary balances</span>
+              <span className='sr-only'>Refresh API keys</span>
             </Button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -190,7 +169,7 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
           <Alert variant='destructive'>
             <AlertCircle className='h-5 w-5' />
             <AlertDescription>
-              Error loading temporary balances: {(error as Error).message}
+              Error loading API keys: {(error as Error).message}
             </AlertDescription>
           </Alert>
         ) : (
@@ -207,7 +186,7 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent className='pt-0'>
                   <p className='text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight tabular-nums'>
-                    {formatBalance(totals.totalBalance)}
+                    {formatBalance(totals.total_balance)}
                   </p>
                 </CardContent>
               </Card>
@@ -222,7 +201,7 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent className='pt-0'>
                   <p className='text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight tabular-nums'>
-                    {formatBalance(totals.totalSpent)}
+                    {formatBalance(totals.total_spent)}
                   </p>
                 </CardContent>
               </Card>
@@ -237,12 +216,44 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent className='pt-0'>
                   <p className='text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight tabular-nums'>
-                    {totals.totalRequests.toLocaleString()}
+                    {totals.total_requests.toLocaleString()}
                   </p>
                 </CardContent>
               </Card>
             </div>
 
+            {totalPages > 1 && (
+              <div className='flex flex-col gap-2 border-b pb-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between'>
+                <span className='text-muted-foreground text-xs sm:text-sm'>
+                  {page * PAGE_SIZE + 1}–
+                  {Math.min((page + 1) * PAGE_SIZE, total)} of {total}
+                </span>
+                <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+                  <Button
+                    variant='outline'
+                    size='sm'
+                    disabled={page === 0}
+                    onClick={() => setPage(page - 1)}
+                  >
+                    <ChevronLeft className='h-4 w-4' />
+                    <span className='hidden sm:inline'>Previous</span>
+                  </Button>
+                  <span className='text-xs sm:text-sm'>
+                    {page + 1} / {totalPages}
+                  </span>
+                  <Button
+                    variant='outline'
+                    size='sm'
+                    disabled={page >= totalPages - 1}
+                    onClick={() => setPage(page + 1)}
+                  >
+                    <span className='hidden sm:inline'>Next</span>
+                    <ChevronRight className='h-4 w-4' />
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
             {rows.length > 0 ? (
               <>
                 <div className='hidden md:block'>
@@ -257,6 +268,7 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                         <TableHead className='text-right'>
                           Total Requests
                         </TableHead>
+                        <TableHead>Created</TableHead>
                         <TableHead>Refund Address</TableHead>
                         <TableHead className='text-right'>
                           Expiry Time
@@ -264,178 +276,192 @@ export function TemporaryBalances({
                       </TableRow>
                     </TableHeader>
                     <TableBody>
-                      {rows.map((balance, index) => (
-                        <TableRow
-                          key={`${balance.hashed_key}-${balance.parent_key_hash ?? 'root'}-${index}`}
-                          className={cn(
-                            balance.balance === 0 &&
-                              !balance.isChild &&
-                              'opacity-60',
-                            balance.isChild && 'bg-muted/30'
-                          )}
-                        >
-                          <TableCell className='max-w-[16rem] font-mono text-xs break-all whitespace-normal'>
-                            <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
-                              {balance.isChild && (
-                                <Badge
-                                  variant='outline'
-                                  className='h-4 px-1 text-[10px] uppercase'
-                                >
-                                  Child
-                                </Badge>
-                              )}
-                              <span>{balance.hashed_key}</span>
-                            </div>
-                          </TableCell>
-                          <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
-                            {balance.isChild ? (
-                              <span className='text-muted-foreground italic'>
-                                (Parent)
-                              </span>
-                            ) : (
-                              formatBalance(balance.balance)
+                      {rows.map((balance, index) => {
+                        const isChild = Boolean(balance.parent_key_hash);
+                        return (
+                          <TableRow
+                            key={`${balance.hashed_key}-${balance.parent_key_hash ?? 'root'}-${index}`}
+                            className={cn(
+                              balance.balance === 0 && !isChild && 'opacity-60',
+                              isChild && 'bg-muted/30'
                             )}
-                          </TableCell>
-                          <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
-                            {formatBalance(balance.total_spent)}
-                          </TableCell>
-                          <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
-                            {balance.total_requests.toLocaleString()}
-                          </TableCell>
-                          <TableCell className='max-w-[14rem] font-mono text-xs break-all whitespace-normal'>
-                            {balance.refund_address || '-'}
-                          </TableCell>
-                          <TableCell className='text-right font-mono text-xs'>
-                            {balance.key_expiry_time ? (
-                              <div className='inline-flex items-center justify-end gap-1'>
-                                <Clock className='h-3 w-3' />
-                                <span>
-                                  {new Date(
-                                    balance.key_expiry_time * 1000
-                                  ).toLocaleDateString()}
-                                </span>
+                          >
+                            <TableCell className='max-w-[16rem] font-mono text-xs break-all whitespace-normal'>
+                              <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+                                {isChild && (
+                                  <Badge
+                                    variant='outline'
+                                    className='h-4 px-1 text-[10px] uppercase'
+                                  >
+                                    Child
+                                  </Badge>
+                                )}
+                                <span>{balance.hashed_key}</span>
                               </div>
-                            ) : (
-                              '-'
-                            )}
-                          </TableCell>
-                        </TableRow>
-                      ))}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
+                              {isChild ? (
+                                <span className='text-muted-foreground italic'>
+                                  (Parent)
+                                </span>
+                              ) : (
+                                formatBalance(balance.balance)
+                              )}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
+                              {formatBalance(balance.total_spent)}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='text-right font-mono'>
+                              {balance.total_requests.toLocaleString()}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='font-mono text-xs whitespace-nowrap'>
+                              {formatCreatedAt(balance.created_at)}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='max-w-[14rem] font-mono text-xs break-all whitespace-normal'>
+                              {balance.refund_address || '-'}
+                            </TableCell>
+                            <TableCell className='text-right font-mono text-xs'>
+                              {balance.key_expiry_time ? (
+                                <div className='inline-flex items-center justify-end gap-1'>
+                                  <Clock className='h-3 w-3' />
+                                  <span>
+                                    {new Date(
+                                      balance.key_expiry_time * 1000
+                                    ).toLocaleDateString()}
+                                  </span>
+                                </div>
+                              ) : (
+                                '-'
+                              )}
+                            </TableCell>
+                          </TableRow>
+                        );
+                      })}
                     </TableBody>
                   </Table>
                 </div>
 
                 <div className='space-y-2 md:hidden'>
-                  {rows.map((balance, index) => (
-                    <Card
-                      key={`${balance.hashed_key}-${balance.parent_key_hash ?? 'root'}-mobile-${index}`}
-                      className={cn(
-                        balance.balance === 0 &&
-                          !balance.isChild &&
-                          'opacity-80',
-                        balance.isChild && 'bg-muted/30'
-                      )}
-                    >
-                      <CardHeader className='p-4 pb-2'>
-                        <div className='flex items-center justify-between gap-2'>
-                          <CardDescription className='font-mono text-xs break-all'>
-                            {balance.hashed_key}
-                          </CardDescription>
-                          {balance.isChild && (
-                            <Badge
-                              variant='outline'
-                              className='h-4 px-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase'
-                            >
-                              Child
-                            </Badge>
-                          )}
-                        </div>
-                      </CardHeader>
-                      <CardContent className='grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 p-4 pt-0'>
-                        <div>
-                          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
-                            Balance
-                          </p>
-                          <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
-                            {balance.isChild
-                              ? '(Uses Parent)'
-                              : formatBalance(balance.balance)}
-                          </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <div>
-                          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>Spent</p>
-                          <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
-                            {formatBalance(balance.total_spent)}
-                          </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <div>
-                          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
-                            Requests
-                          </p>
-                          <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
-                            {balance.total_requests.toLocaleString()}
-                          </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <div>
-                          <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
-                            Expires
-                          </p>
-                          <p className='font-mono text-xs'>
-                            {balance.key_expiry_time ? (
-                              <span className='inline-flex items-center gap-1'>
-                                <Clock className='h-3 w-3' />
-                                {new Date(
-                                  balance.key_expiry_time * 1000
-                                ).toLocaleDateString()}
-                              </span>
-                            ) : (
-                              '-'
+                  {rows.map((balance, index) => {
+                    const isChild = Boolean(balance.parent_key_hash);
+                    return (
+                      <Card
+                        key={`${balance.hashed_key}-${balance.parent_key_hash ?? 'root'}-mobile-${index}`}
+                        className={cn(
+                          balance.balance === 0 && !isChild && 'opacity-80',
+                          isChild && 'bg-muted/30'
+                        )}
+                      >
+                        <CardHeader className='p-4 pb-2'>
+                          <div className='flex items-center justify-between gap-2'>
+                            <CardDescription className='font-mono text-xs break-all'>
+                              {balance.hashed_key}
+                            </CardDescription>
+                            {isChild && (
+                              <Badge
+                                variant='outline'
+                                className='h-4 px-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase'
+                              >
+                                Child
+                              </Badge>
                             )}
-                          </p>
-                        </div>
-                        {balance.refund_address && (
-                          <div className='col-span-2'>
+                          </div>
+                        </CardHeader>
+                        <CardContent className='grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 p-4 pt-0'>
+                          <div>
                             <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
-                              Refund Address
+                              Balance
                             </p>
-                            <p className='font-mono text-xs break-all'>
-                              {balance.refund_address}
+                            <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
+                              {isChild
+                                ? '(Uses Parent)'
+                                : formatBalance(balance.balance)}
                             </p>
                           </div>
-                        )}
-                      </CardContent>
-                    </Card>
-                  ))}
+                          <div>
+                            <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
+                              Spent
+                            </p>
+                            <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
+                              {formatBalance(balance.total_spent)}
+                            </p>
+                          </div>
+                          <div>
+                            <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
+                              Requests
+                            </p>
+                            <p className='font-mono text-sm'>
+                              {balance.total_requests.toLocaleString()}
+                            </p>
+                          </div>
+                          <div>
+                            <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
+                              Created
+                            </p>
+                            <p className='font-mono text-xs'>
+                              {formatCreatedAt(balance.created_at)}
+                            </p>
+                          </div>
+                          <div>
+                            <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
+                              Expires
+                            </p>
+                            <p className='font-mono text-xs'>
+                              {balance.key_expiry_time ? (
+                                <span className='inline-flex items-center gap-1'>
+                                  <Clock className='h-3 w-3' />
+                                  {new Date(
+                                    balance.key_expiry_time * 1000
+                                  ).toLocaleDateString()}
+                                </span>
+                              ) : (
+                                '-'
+                              )}
+                            </p>
+                          </div>
+                          {balance.refund_address && (
+                            <div className='col-span-2'>
+                              <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
+                                Refund Address
+                              </p>
+                              <p className='font-mono text-xs break-all'>
+                                {balance.refund_address}
+                              </p>
+                            </div>
+                          )}
+                        </CardContent>
+                      </Card>
+                    );
+                  })}
                 </div>
               </>
             ) : (
               <Empty className='py-8'>
                 <EmptyHeader>
                   <EmptyMedia variant='icon'>
-                    {searchTerm ? (
+                    {debouncedSearch ? (
                       <AlertCircle className='h-4 w-4' />
                     ) : (
                       <Key className='h-4 w-4' />
                     )}
                   </EmptyMedia>
                   <EmptyTitle>
-                    {searchTerm
-                      ? 'No temporary balances match your search'
-                      : 'No temporary balances found'}
+                    {debouncedSearch
+                      ? 'No API keys match your search'
+                      : 'No API keys found'}
                   </EmptyTitle>
                   <EmptyDescription>
-                    {searchTerm
+                    {debouncedSearch
                       ? 'Try a different key hash or refund address.'
-                      : 'Temporary balances will appear here once API keys are used.'}
+                      : 'API keys will appear here once they are created.'}
                   </EmptyDescription>
                 </EmptyHeader>
               </Empty>
             )}
 
-            {data && data.length > 0 && (
+            {total > 0 && (
               <p className='text-muted-foreground text-xs'>
-                Showing {filteredData.length} of {data.length} temporary
-                balances
+                Showing {rows.length} of {total} API keys
               </p>
             )}
           </div>

ui/lib/api/services/admin.ts

@@ -831,9 +831,18 @@ export class AdminService {
     return await apiClient.get<{ dates: string[] }>('/admin/api/logs/dates');
   }
 
-  static async getTemporaryBalances(): Promise<TemporaryBalance[]> {
-    return await apiClient.get<TemporaryBalance[]>(
-      '/admin/api/temporary-balances'
+  static async getTemporaryBalances(
+    search?: string,
+    limit: number = 50,
+    offset: number = 0
+  ): Promise<TemporaryBalancesResponse> {
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    if (search) params.append('search', search);
+    params.append('limit', limit.toString());
+    params.append('offset', offset.toString());
+
+    return await apiClient.get<TemporaryBalancesResponse>(
+      `/admin/api/temporary-balances?${params.toString()}`
     );
   }
 
@@ -1034,10 +1043,21 @@ export const TemporaryBalanceSchema = z.object({
   refund_address: z.string().nullable(),
   key_expiry_time: z.number().nullable(),
   parent_key_hash: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+  created_at: z.number().nullable().optional(),
 });
 
 export type TemporaryBalance = z.infer<typeof TemporaryBalanceSchema>;
 
+export interface TemporaryBalancesResponse {
+  balances: TemporaryBalance[];
+  total: number;
+  totals: {
+    total_balance: number;
+    total_spent: number;
+    total_requests: number;
+  };
+}
+
 export interface UsageMetricData {
   timestamp: string;
   total_requests: number;