no key creation when refund

add missing path

.env.example

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ UPSTREAM_API_KEY=your-upstream-api-key
 # HTTP_URL=https://api.mynode.com
 # ONION_URL=http://mynode.onion (auto fetched from compose)
 # RELAYS="wss://relay.damus.io,wss://relay.nostr.band,wss://eden.nostr.land,wss://relay.routstr.com"
+# ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING=true
 # CASHU_MINTS="https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin,https://mint.cubabitcoin.org,https://ecashmint.otrta.me"
 # RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS=
 

.github/workflows/container.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Resolve git metadata
+        id: gitmeta
+        run: |
+          echo "sha=$(git rev-parse --short=7 HEAD)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "tag=$(git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD 2>/dev/null || true)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
@@ -29,7 +37,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
         with:
           context: .
+          file: Dockerfile.full
           push: true
+          build-args: |
+            GIT_COMMIT=${{ steps.gitmeta.outputs.sha }}
+            GIT_TAG=${{ steps.gitmeta.outputs.tag }}
           tags: |
             ghcr.io/routstr/proxy:latest
             ghcr.io/routstr/core:latest

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: "18"
+          node-version: "20"
           cache: "pnpm"
           cache-dependency-path: ui/pnpm-lock.yaml
 

Dockerfile

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY . .
 
+ARG GIT_COMMIT=""
+ARG GIT_TAG=""
+ENV GIT_COMMIT=${GIT_COMMIT}
+ENV GIT_TAG=${GIT_TAG}
 ENV PORT=8000
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

Dockerfile.full

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ FROM node:23-alpine AS ui-builder
 WORKDIR /app/ui
 
 # Install pnpm
-RUN corepack enable pnpm && corepack prepare pnpm@latest --activate
+RUN corepack enable pnpm && corepack prepare pnpm@10.15.0 --activate
 
 # Copy UI source
 COPY ui/package.json ui/pnpm-lock.yaml* ./
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ RUN uv sync --no-dev
 # Copy the built UI from the ui-builder stage
 COPY --from=ui-builder /app/ui/out ./ui_out
 
+ARG GIT_COMMIT=""
+ARG GIT_TAG=""
+ENV GIT_COMMIT=${GIT_COMMIT}
+ENV GIT_TAG=${GIT_TAG}
 ENV PORT=8000
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

README.md

@@ -51,14 +51,26 @@ curl https://api.routstr.com/v1/chat/completions \
 
 ## Quick Start (Docker)
 
-If you are a node runner, start a Routstr Core instance and configure upstream access in the dashboard.
+If you are a node runner, start a Routstr Core instance using Docker Compose:
 
-```bash
-docker run -d \
-  --name routstr-proxy \
-  -p 8000:8000 \
-  ghcr.io/routstr/proxy:latest
-```
+1. **Prepare your `.env`**:
+   ```bash
+   ADMIN_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword
+   NAME="My AI Node"
+   DESCRIPTION="Fast access to models"
+   NSEC=yournsec
+   RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS=yourname@wallet.com
+   ```
+
+2. **Start the services**:
+   ```bash
+   docker compose up -d
+   ```
+
+3. **Configure**:
+   Open [http://localhost:8000/admin/](http://localhost:8000/admin/) to connect your AI providers and set pricing.
+
+For full instructions, see the **[Provider Quick Start Guide](https://docs.routstr.com/provider/quickstart/)**.
 
 ## Development
 

docs/api/endpoints.md

@@ -360,6 +360,42 @@ POST /v1/wallet/create
 }
 ```
 
+### Get Key Information
+
+Get current balance, consumption data, and child keys for an API key.
+
+```http
+GET /v1/balance/info
+Authorization: Bearer sk-...
+```
+
+**Response:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "api_key": "sk-abc...",
+  "balance": 8500000,
+  "reserved": 0,
+  "is_child": false,
+  "parent_key": null,
+  "total_requests": 42,
+  "total_spent": 1500000,
+  "balance_limit": null,
+  "balance_limit_reset": null,
+  "validity_date": null,
+  "child_keys": [
+    {
+      "api_key": "sk-child1...",
+      "total_requests": 10,
+      "total_spent": 500000,
+      "balance_limit": 1000000,
+      "balance_limit_reset": "daily",
+      "validity_date": 1738000000
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
 ### Check Balance
 
 Get current wallet balance.

docs/provider/configuration.md

@@ -6,6 +6,32 @@ For automated deployments, you can optionally pre-configure settings via environ
 
 ---
 
+## Initial Setup (.env file)
+
+Before running your node, you should create a `.env` file in the project root. This file is used to bootstrap the initial configuration and store sensitive secrets.
+
+### Example .env
+
+```bash
+ADMIN_PASSWORD=your-secure-password
+
+# Node Identity
+NAME="My AI Node"
+DESCRIPTION="Fast access to models"
+
+# Lightning Payouts
+RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS=yourname@wallet.com
+```
+
+### Setting the UI Password
+
+There are two ways to set or change your Admin Dashboard password:
+
+1.  **Via Environment Variable**: Set `ADMIN_PASSWORD` in your `.env` file before starting the container. This will be the password used for the first login.
+2.  **Via Dashboard**: Once logged in, go to **Settings** → **Security** to update your password. Dashboard settings override the `.env` file once saved.
+
+---
+
 ## Admin Dashboard (Primary)
 
 Access the dashboard at `/admin/` on your node.
@@ -14,29 +40,29 @@ Access the dashboard at `/admin/` on your node.
 
 Connect to your AI provider(s):
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
+| Setting          | Description                                      |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
 | **Upstream URL** | API endpoint (e.g., `https://api.openai.com/v1`) |
-| **API Key** | Your provider's API key |
+| **API Key**      | Your provider's API key                          |
 
 ### Node Identity
 
 How your node appears to clients:
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
-| **Name** | Display name (e.g., "Fast GPT-4 Node") |
-| **Description** | Brief description of your service |
+| Setting         | Description                            |
+| --------------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Name**        | Display name (e.g., "Fast GPT-4 Node") |
+| **Description** | Brief description of your service      |
 
 ### Pricing
 
 Control your profit margins:
 
-| Setting | Description | Default |
-|---------|-------------|---------|
-| **Fixed Pricing** | Charge flat rate per request vs. per-token | Off |
-| **Exchange Fee** | Buffer for BTC volatility | 1.005 (0.5%) |
-| **Upstream Fee** | Your profit markup | 1.10 (10%) |
+| Setting           | Description                                | Default      |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------ |
+| **Fixed Pricing** | Charge flat rate per request vs. per-token | Off          |
+| **Exchange Fee**  | Buffer for BTC volatility                  | 1.005 (0.5%) |
+| **Upstream Fee**  | Your profit markup                         | 1.10 (10%)   |
 
 See [Pricing](pricing.md) for detailed strategies.
 
@@ -44,33 +70,40 @@ See [Pricing](pricing.md) for detailed strategies.
 
 Which mints to accept payments from:
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
+| Setting   | Description                     |
+| --------- | ------------------------------- |
 | **Mints** | List of trusted Cashu mint URLs |
 
 ### Lightning Withdrawals
 
 Automatic profit withdrawal:
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
-| **Lightning Address** | Your LN address for withdrawals |
+| Setting                              | Description                                                                                                | Default |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
+| **Lightning Address**                | Your LN address for withdrawals                                                                            | —       |
+| **Minimum Payout (sat)**             | Min available balance (in sats) before profit is paid out. Applies to both `sat` and `msat` mints (auto-converted). | `210`   |
+| **Payout Interval (seconds)**        | How often the payout loop wakes up and checks balances                                                     | `900`   |
+
+All payout amounts must be positive. Set the minimums above your wallet's
+minimum-invoice constraint (typically 1 sat) and high enough to amortise
+routing fees.
 
 ### Security
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
+| Setting            | Description                   |
+| ------------------ | ----------------------------- |
 | **Admin Password** | Password for dashboard access |
 
 ### Nostr Discovery
 
 Announce your node on the network:
 
-| Setting | Description |
-|---------|-------------|
-| **Npub** | Your Nostr public key |
-| **Nsec** | Your Nostr private key (for signing) |
-| **Relays** | Relays to publish announcements |
+| Setting    | Description                          |
+| ---------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| **Npub**   | Your Nostr public key                |
+| **Nsec**   | Your Nostr private key (for signing) |
+| **Relays** | Relays to publish announcements      |
+| **Share Analytics** | Publish aggregate usage stats to Nostr |
 
 See [Discovery](discovery.md) for details.
 
@@ -86,21 +119,24 @@ Use environment variables for:
 
 ### All Variables
 
-| Variable | Description | Default |
-|----------|-------------|---------|
-| `UPSTREAM_BASE_URL` | Upstream API endpoint | — |
-| `UPSTREAM_API_KEY` | Upstream API key | — |
-| `ADMIN_PASSWORD` | Dashboard password | (none) |
-| `DATABASE_URL` | Database connection string | `sqlite+aiosqlite:///keys.db` |
-| `NAME` | Node display name | `ARoutstrNode` |
-| `DESCRIPTION` | Node description | `A Routstr Node` |
-| `NPUB` | Nostr public key (bech32) | — |
-| `NSEC` | Nostr private key | — |
-| `CASHU_MINTS` | Comma-separated mint URLs | `https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin` |
-| `RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS` | Lightning address for withdrawals | — |
-| `TOR_PROXY_URL` | SOCKS5 proxy for Tor | `socks5://127.0.0.1:9050` |
-| `CORS_ORIGINS` | Allowed CORS origins | `*` |
-| `RELAYS` | Nostr relays (comma-separated) | (default set) |
+| Variable             | Description                       | Default                              |
+| -------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| `UPSTREAM_BASE_URL`  | Upstream API endpoint             | —                                    |
+| `UPSTREAM_API_KEY`   | Upstream API key                  | —                                    |
+| `ADMIN_PASSWORD`     | Dashboard password                | (none)                               |
+| `DATABASE_URL`       | Database connection string        | `sqlite+aiosqlite:///keys.db`        |
+| `NAME`               | Node display name                 | `ARoutstrNode`                       |
+| `DESCRIPTION`        | Node description                  | `A Routstr Node`                     |
+| `NPUB`               | Nostr public key (bech32)         | —                                    |
+| `NSEC`               | Nostr private key                 | —                                    |
+| `ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING` | Enable usage analytics sharing to Nostr | `true`                         |
+| `CASHU_MINTS`        | Comma-separated mint URLs         | `https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin` |
+| `RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS` | Lightning address for withdrawals | —                                    |
+| `MIN_PAYOUT_SAT`     | Min payout balance in sats (applies to all mints) | `210`                |
+| `PAYOUT_INTERVAL_SECONDS` | Payout loop interval (seconds) | `900`                            |
+| `TOR_PROXY_URL`      | SOCKS5 proxy for Tor              | `socks5://127.0.0.1:9050`            |
+| `CORS_ORIGINS`       | Allowed CORS origins              | `*`                                  |
+| `RELAYS`             | Nostr relays (comma-separated)    | (default set)                        |
 
 ### Priority
 

docs/provider/dashboard.md

@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ Manage which mints you accept payments from:
 |-------|-------------|
 | **Nsec** | Private key for signing announcements |
 | **Relays** | Where to publish your node advertisement |
+| **Share Analytics** | Toggle publishing aggregate usage stats to Nostr |
 
 ### Security
 

docs/provider/deployment.md

@@ -2,20 +2,62 @@
 
 Production deployment guide for Routstr Provider nodes.
 
+## All-in-One Docker Image (Preferred)
+
+The easiest way to deploy Routstr is using the all-in-one Docker image from Docker Hub, which includes both the FastAPI backend and the Next.js admin dashboard in a single container.
+
+### Quick Start
+
+```bash
+docker run -d \
+  --name routstr \
+  -p 8000:8000 \
+  -v routstr-data:/app/data \
+  -e DATABASE_URL="sqlite:////app/data/routstr.db" \
+  9qeklajc/routstr:latest
+```
+
+Access your node:
+- **API & Admin Dashboard**: http://localhost:8000
+
+### Docker Compose Setup
+
+Create `docker-compose.yml`:
+
+```yaml
+version: '3.8'
+
+services:
+  routstr:
+    image: 9qeklajc/routstr:latest
+    container_name: routstr
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "8000:8000"
+    volumes:
+      - routstr-data:/app/data
+    environment:
+      DATABASE_URL: "sqlite:////app/data/routstr.db"
+      ADMIN_KEY: "your-secure-admin-key"
+      LOG_LEVEL: "info"
+
+volumes:
+  routstr-data:
+```
+
+Start it:
+
+```bash
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+---
+
 ## Docker Compose (Recommended)
 
 For production, use Docker Compose with persistent storage and optional Tor support.
 
-### Unified Setup (All-in-one)
-To build and run the node with the UI integrated in a single container using the multi-stage build:
-
-```bash
-docker build -f Dockerfile.full -t routstr-full .
-docker run -d -p 8000:8000 --env-file .env routstr-full
-```
-
-### Advanced Setup (Separated UI & Node)
-Use the included `compose.yml` for a more flexible setup that separates the UI build process from the node execution. This is useful for development or when you want to manage Tor as a separate service.
+Use the included `compose.yml` for a flexible setup that handles both the UI and the node execution. This is useful for development or when you want to manage Tor as a separate service.
 
 ```bash
 docker compose up -d
@@ -184,20 +226,16 @@ docker compose up -d
 
 ## Building from Source
 
-### Unified Image (UI + Node)
-The easiest way to build everything from source into a single production-ready image:
+### Using Docker Compose
+The easiest way to build everything from source:
 
 ```bash
-docker build -f Dockerfile.full -t routstr-full .
+docker compose build
 ```
 
 ### Individual Components
-If you prefer building them separately or using Docker Compose:
+If you prefer building the node only (requires manual UI build first):
 
 ```bash
-# Build using compose
-docker compose build
-
-# Or build the node only (requires manual UI build first)
 docker build -t routstr-node .
 ```

docs/provider/quickstart.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ A **Routstr Provider Node** acts as a gateway that:
 You bring the API keys, Routstr handles the billing, payments, and client management.
 
 !!! tip "Future: Node-to-Node Routing"
-    In future versions, you'll be able to run a node that connects to other Routstr nodes—eliminating the need to configure upstream providers yourself. For now, you'll need your own API credentials.
+In future versions, you'll be able to run a node that connects to other Routstr nodes—eliminating the need to configure upstream providers yourself. For now, you'll need your own API credentials.
 
 ---
 
@@ -24,26 +24,30 @@ You bring the API keys, Routstr handles the billing, payments, and client manage
 
 ---
 
-## 1. Start the Node
+## 1. Prepare Configuration
 
-You can run the pre-built image directly:
+Create a `.env` file in the root of the project to store your secrets:
 
 ```bash
-docker run -d \
-  --name routstr \
-  -p 8000:8000 \
-  -v routstr-data:/app/data \
-  ghcr.io/routstr/proxy:latest
+# Initial Admin Password
+ADMIN_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword
+
+# Node Identity
+NAME="My AI Node"
+DESCRIPTION="Fast access to models"
+NSEC=yournsec
+
+# Lightning Payouts
+RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS=yourname@wallet.com
+
 ```
 
-### Build from Source (Recommended)
-If you want to build the node and UI yourself from source, use the unified Dockerfile:
+## 2. Start the Node
+
+The recommended way to run Routstr is using Docker Compose, which handles the node, the UI, and optional services like Tor.
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/routstr/routstr-core.git
-cd routstr-core
-docker build -f Dockerfile.full -t routstr-local .
-docker run -d -p 8000:8000 --name routstr routstr-local
+docker compose up -d
 ```
 
 Verify it's running:
@@ -52,14 +56,23 @@ Verify it's running:
 curl http://localhost:8000/v1/info
 ```
 
+### Build from Source (Optional)
+
+If you've cloned the repository and want to build the images yourself:
+
+```bash
+docker compose build
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
 ---
 
-## 2. Configure via Dashboard
+## 3. Configure via Dashboard
 
 Open the **Admin Dashboard** at [http://localhost:8000/admin/](http://localhost:8000/admin/).
 
-!!! note "Default Access"
-    The dashboard has no password by default. Set one immediately in Settings for production use.
+!!! note "Login"
+Use the `ADMIN_PASSWORD` you defined in your `.env` file to log in. If you didn't set one, the dashboard will prompt you to set one on first visit.
 
 ### Connect Your AI Providers
 

logs/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

migrations/versions/02650cd6f028_add_routstr_fees_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""add routstr_fees table
+
+Revision ID: 02650cd6f028
+Revises: c3d4e5f6a7b8
+Create Date: 2026-04-24 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "02650cd6f028"
+down_revision = "c3d4e5f6a7b8"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "routstr_fees",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("accumulated_msats", sa.Integer(), nullable=False, server_default="0"),
+        sa.Column("total_paid_msats", sa.Integer(), nullable=False, server_default="0"),
+        sa.Column("last_paid_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
+    )
+    # Seed with a single row
+    op.execute("INSERT INTO routstr_fees (id, accumulated_msats, total_paid_msats) VALUES (1, 0, 0)")
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("routstr_fees")

migrations/versions/614c0a740e68_add_provider_settings_to_upstream_.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""add provider_settings to upstream_providers
+
+Revision ID: 614c0a740e68
+Revises: 06f81c0fc88d
+Create Date: 2026-02-13 22:36:53.608737
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "614c0a740e68"
+down_revision = "06f81c0fc88d"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Check if column exists before adding it
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = sa.inspect(conn)
+    columns = [c["name"] for c in inspector.get_columns("upstream_providers")]
+
+    if "provider_settings" not in columns:
+        op.add_column(
+            "upstream_providers",
+            sa.Column("provider_settings", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("upstream_providers", "provider_settings")

migrations/versions/a776ca70e5fe_add_cashu_refunds_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""add cashu_transactions table
+
+Revision ID: a776ca70e5fe
+Revises: 614c0a740e68
+Create Date: 2026-03-11 22:00:01.554762
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+import sqlmodel
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "a776ca70e5fe"
+down_revision = "614c0a740e68"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "cashu_transactions",
+        sa.Column("id", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("token", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("amount", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("unit", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("mint_url", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "type",
+            sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default="out",
+        ),
+        sa.Column("request_id", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("collected", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("swept", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("cashu_transactions")

migrations/versions/b1c2d3e4f5a6_add_upstream_model_id_to_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""add forwarded_model_id to models
+
+Revision ID: b1c2d3e4f5a6
+Revises: a776ca70e5fe
+Create Date: 2026-04-05 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+import sqlmodel
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "b1c2d3e4f5a6"
+down_revision = "a776ca70e5fe"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "models",
+        sa.Column(
+            "forwarded_model_id",
+            sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+    )
+    # Backfill: set forwarded_model_id = id for all existing rows
+    op.execute("UPDATE models SET forwarded_model_id = id WHERE forwarded_model_id IS NULL")
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("models", "forwarded_model_id")

migrations/versions/c3d4e5f6a7b8_add_source_to_cashu_transactions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""add source to cashu_transactions
+
+Revision ID: c3d4e5f6a7b8
+Revises: b1c2d3e4f5a6
+Create Date: 2026-04-10 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+import sqlmodel
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "c3d4e5f6a7b8"
+down_revision = "b1c2d3e4f5a6"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = sa.inspect(conn)
+    columns = [col["name"] for col in inspector.get_columns("cashu_transactions")]
+    if "source" not in columns:
+        op.add_column(
+            "cashu_transactions",
+            sa.Column(
+                "source",
+                sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(),
+                nullable=False,
+                server_default="x-cashu",
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("cashu_transactions", "source")

migrations/versions/cli_tokens_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""add cli_tokens table
+
+Revision ID: cli_tokens_001
+Revises: e8f9a0b1c2d3
+Create Date: 2026-04-25 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = "cli_tokens_001"
+down_revision = "e8f9a0b1c2d3"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "cli_tokens",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("token", sa.String(), nullable=False, unique=True),
+        sa.Column("name", sa.String(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("last_used_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("expires_at", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_cli_tokens_token", "cli_tokens", ["token"], unique=True)
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_cli_tokens_token", table_name="cli_tokens")
+    op.drop_table("cli_tokens")

migrations/versions/d4e5f6a7b8c9_add_api_key_to_cashu_transactions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""add api key link to cashu_transactions
+
+Revision ID: d4e5f6a7b8c9
+Revises: c3d4e5f6a7b8
+Create Date: 2026-04-20 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+import sqlmodel
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "d4e5f6a7b8c9"
+down_revision = "c3d4e5f6a7b8"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = sa.inspect(conn)
+    columns = [col["name"] for col in inspector.get_columns("cashu_transactions")]
+    indexes = {index["name"] for index in inspector.get_indexes("cashu_transactions")}
+
+    if "api_key_hashed_key" not in columns:
+        op.add_column(
+            "cashu_transactions",
+            sa.Column(
+                "api_key_hashed_key",
+                sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(),
+                nullable=True,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    if "ix_cashu_transactions_api_key_hashed_key" not in indexes:
+        op.create_index(
+            "ix_cashu_transactions_api_key_hashed_key",
+            "cashu_transactions",
+            ["api_key_hashed_key"],
+            unique=False,
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_cashu_transactions_api_key_hashed_key", table_name="cashu_transactions")
+    op.drop_column("cashu_transactions", "api_key_hashed_key")

migrations/versions/e8f9a0b1c2d3_merge_heads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""merge heads: routstr_fees + api_key_to_cashu_transactions
+
+Revision ID: e8f9a0b1c2d3
+Revises: 02650cd6f028, d4e5f6a7b8c9
+Create Date: 2026-04-24 00:00:00.000000
+"""
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "e8f9a0b1c2d3"
+down_revision = ("02650cd6f028", "d4e5f6a7b8c9")
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    pass

plans/other-mints-balance-tracking-plan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+# Plan: Track unsupported incoming mints in `other_mints` and include them in balances
+
+## Goal
+
+When a Cashu token arrives from a mint that is **not** in `settings.cashu_mints`, we currently create/use a wallet for that mint and swap value into the primary mint. Any change/surplus left behind after `melt()` remains in the foreign `token_wallet`, but that balance is not surfaced by `fetch_all_balances()` because it only iterates over configured mints.
+
+This plan adds persistent tracking for those foreign mints in a new database table called `other_mints`, and updates balance reporting to include them.
+
+---
+
+## Current behavior
+
+### Incoming unsupported mint flow
+
+In `routstr/wallet.py`:
+
+- `recieve_token()` deserializes the token
+- if `token_obj.mint not in settings.cashu_mints`, it calls `swap_to_primary_mint(token_obj, wallet)`
+- `swap_to_primary_mint()` calls `token_wallet.melt(...)` to pay the primary mint invoice
+
+### Important detail: change is retained, not discarded
+
+The underlying Cashu wallet library keeps any melt change:
+
+- `Wallet.melt()` constructs blank outputs for change
+- when the melt succeeds, returned change is reconstructed into proofs
+- those proofs are appended to `self.proofs` and stored in the wallet DB
+
+So surplus from unsupported mints is **not discarded**, but it may become invisible operationally.
+
+### Visibility problem
+
+`fetch_all_balances()` currently only loops over:
+
+- `settings.cashu_mints`
+- units `sat` and `msat`
+
+This means balances left on unsupported mints are not shown in admin balance reporting.
+
+---
+
+## Proposed design
+
+## 1. Add a new DB table: `other_mints`
+
+Add a small table in `routstr/core/db.py` to persist unsupported mints we have seen in incoming tokens.
+
+Suggested schema:
+
+- `mint_url: str` primary key
+- `created_at: int`
+- `last_seen_at: int`
+
+Minimal model:
+
+```python
+class OtherMint(SQLModel, table=True):
+    __tablename__ = "other_mints"
+
+    mint_url: str = Field(primary_key=True)
+    created_at: int = Field(default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()))
+    last_seen_at: int = Field(default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()))
+```
+
+Why minimal:
+
+- the only required function is mint discovery/tracking
+- unit handling can remain dynamic via existing balance queries over `sat` and `msat`
+
+---
+
+## 2. Add DB helpers for `other_mints`
+
+In `routstr/core/db.py`, add helper functions:
+
+### `register_other_mint(mint_url: str) -> None`
+
+Behavior:
+
+- if the mint is not present, insert it
+- if it already exists, update `last_seen_at`
+
+### `list_other_mints(session) -> list[str]`
+
+Behavior:
+
+- return all tracked unsupported mint URLs
+
+Optional later:
+
+- `delete_other_mint(...)`
+- admin cleanup helpers
+
+---
+
+## 3. Register unsupported mints during token receipt
+
+Update `recieve_token()` in `routstr/wallet.py`.
+
+Current logic:
+
+```python
+if token_obj.mint not in settings.cashu_mints:
+    return await swap_to_primary_mint(token_obj, wallet)
+```
+
+Planned logic:
+
+```python
+if token_obj.mint not in settings.cashu_mints:
+    await db.register_other_mint(token_obj.mint)
+    return await swap_to_primary_mint(token_obj, wallet)
+```
+
+Why here:
+
+- this is the earliest reliable point where we know the mint came in via an actual token
+- this is exactly the path that can leave foreign-mint change behind
+- it avoids needing to infer unsupported mints later from wallet internals
+
+---
+
+## 4. Update `fetch_all_balances()` to include `other_mints`
+
+Current behavior only includes configured mints.
+
+Planned behavior:
+
+- load tracked unsupported mints from DB
+- combine them with `settings.cashu_mints`
+- dedupe while preserving order
+- fetch balances for all tracked mints across requested units
+
+Conceptual flow:
+
+```python
+tracked_mints = dedupe(settings.cashu_mints + other_mints_from_db)
+```
+
+Then existing per-mint/per-unit balance logic can remain mostly unchanged.
+
+This ensures that retained change on unsupported mints becomes visible in admin balance reporting.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Add a balance source marker
+
+Extend `BalanceDetail` in `routstr/wallet.py` to identify whether a balance row comes from a configured mint or an `other_mints` entry.
+
+Suggested field:
+
+- `source: str` with values:
+  - `"configured"`
+  - `"other"`
+
+Updated shape:
+
+```python
+class BalanceDetail(TypedDict, total=False):
+    mint_url: str
+    unit: str
+    source: str
+    wallet_balance: int
+    user_balance: int
+    owner_balance: int
+    error: str
+```
+
+Why this helps:
+
+- admin can distinguish normal configured wallet balances from foreign/unsupported balances
+- avoids confusion if unexpected mint URLs show up in the balances API/UI
+
+---
+
+## 6. Admin/API impact
+
+Backend impact is minimal because `/admin/api/balances` already returns `fetch_all_balances()` output.
+
+Effects:
+
+- supported mints continue to show as before
+- tracked unsupported mints will also appear
+- UI can optionally display the new `source` field
+
+No API contract break is expected if the frontend ignores unknown fields.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Payout behavior: do not change in phase 1
+
+`periodic_payout()` currently only iterates over `settings.cashu_mints`.
+
+Recommendation for this change:
+
+- **do not** expand `periodic_payout()` to include `other_mints` yet
+- only improve visibility through balance reporting
+
+Reason:
+
+- automatic payout from unsupported/foreign mints may be operationally undesirable
+- visibility should come first, automation second
+
+Possible future phase:
+
+- add optional sweeping/payout support for `other_mints`
+- or provide an admin-triggered withdrawal/sweep flow
+
+---
+
+## 8. Logging improvements (optional)
+
+Optional follow-up improvement in `swap_to_primary_mint()`:
+
+- capture the return value from `token_wallet.melt(...)`
+- if feasible, log any reported change amount
+- otherwise, rely on wallet balance reporting to surface residual amounts
+
+This is useful but not required for the first implementation.
+
+---
+
+## Files to change
+
+### `routstr/core/db.py`
+
+Add:
+
+- `OtherMint` SQLModel
+- `register_other_mint()`
+- `list_other_mints()`
+
+### `migrations/versions/<new_revision>_add_other_mints_table.py`
+
+Create migration to add the `other_mints` table.
+
+### `routstr/wallet.py`
+
+Update:
+
+- `recieve_token()` to register unsupported mints
+- `BalanceDetail` to include `source`
+- `fetch_all_balances()` to include both configured and tracked unsupported mints
+
+### `routstr/core/admin.py`
+
+Likely no backend changes required unless a dedicated `other_mints` API is desired.
+
+---
+
+## Behavior rules
+
+### Register a mint when
+
+- an incoming token is processed
+- the token mint is not in `settings.cashu_mints`
+
+### Do not remove automatically when
+
+- balance reaches zero
+
+Reason:
+
+- historical visibility is useful
+- avoids flapping entries in the admin balance list
+- mint may receive additional unsupported tokens later
+
+Potential future enhancement:
+
+- admin endpoint to prune zero-balance `other_mints`
+
+---
+
+## Edge cases
+
+### A mint later becomes configured
+
+If a mint in `other_mints` is later added to `settings.cashu_mints`:
+
+- deduplication prevents duplicate balance rows
+- `source` should resolve to `configured`
+
+### Unsupported mint with zero balance
+
+A tracked unsupported mint may show zero balances.
+
+Initial recommendation:
+
+- allow it to appear
+- consider later filtering zero-balance `other` rows if the UI becomes noisy
+
+### Units
+
+Balance fetching can continue to query both `sat` and `msat` for each tracked mint.
+
+If a mint has no proofs in one unit, current error/zero handling can continue to apply.
+
+---
+
+## Test plan
+
+### DB tests
+
+- registering a new unsupported mint inserts a row
+- registering the same mint again updates `last_seen_at` without duplication
+- listing other mints returns expected mint URLs
+
+### Wallet tests
+
+#### `recieve_token()`
+
+- when mint is unsupported, `db.register_other_mint()` is called before swap
+- when mint is configured, `db.register_other_mint()` is not called
+
+#### `fetch_all_balances()`
+
+- includes configured mints
+- includes `other_mints` from DB
+- dedupes if a mint exists in both configured and other lists
+- sets `source` correctly
+
+### Regression tests
+
+- existing trusted mint balance reporting remains unchanged
+- `/admin/api/balances` continues to work
+
+---
+
+## Recommended implementation order
+
+1. Add `OtherMint` model to `routstr/core/db.py`
+2. Add Alembic migration for `other_mints`
+3. Add `register_other_mint()` and `list_other_mints()` helpers
+4. Update `recieve_token()` to register unsupported mints
+5. Update `fetch_all_balances()` to union configured + tracked other mints
+6. Add `source` to `BalanceDetail`
+7. Add/adjust tests
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+This change solves an operational visibility problem:
+
+- unsupported incoming mints can leave retained change in foreign wallets
+- those funds are currently preserved but not surfaced in balance reporting
+- introducing `other_mints` makes those mints discoverable and auditable
+- expanding `fetch_all_balances()` ensures their balances are visible in admin tooling
+
+Recommended scope for the first pass:
+
+- track unsupported mints in DB
+- include them in balance reporting
+- mark them as `source="other"`
+- do not yet change payout/sweeping behavior

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "routstr"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.4.3"
 description = "Payment proxy for your LLM endpoint using cashu and nostr."
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "greenlet>=3.2.1",
     "alembic>=1.13",
     "python-json-logger>=2.0.0",
-    "cashu",
+    "cashu>=0.20",
     "secp256k1",
     "marshmallow>=3.13,<4.0",
     "websockets>=12.0",
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "mdurl==0.1.2",
     "pillow>=10",
     "openai>=1.98.0",
+    "litellm>=1.55.0",
 ]
 
 [dependency-groups]

routstr/algorithm.py

@@ -118,12 +118,32 @@ def create_model_mappings(
 
     candidates: dict[str, list[tuple["Model", "BaseUpstreamProvider"]]] = {}
     unique_models: dict[str, "Model"] = {}
+    seen_model_provider: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+
+    providers_by_db_id: dict[int, "BaseUpstreamProvider"] = {}
+    for upstream in upstreams:
+        db_id = getattr(upstream, "db_id", None)
+        if isinstance(db_id, int):
+            providers_by_db_id[db_id] = upstream
+
+    # Group upstreams by URL and keep only the one with the lowest fee for each URL
+    upstreams_by_url: dict[str, list["BaseUpstreamProvider"]] = {}
+    for upstream in upstreams:
+        url = getattr(upstream, "base_url", "")
+        if url not in upstreams_by_url:
+            upstreams_by_url[url] = []
+        upstreams_by_url[url].append(upstream)
+
+    filtered_upstreams: list["BaseUpstreamProvider"] = []
+    for providers in upstreams_by_url.values():
+        best_provider = min(providers, key=lambda p: p.provider_fee)
+        filtered_upstreams.append(best_provider)
 
     # Separate OpenRouter from other providers
     openrouter: "BaseUpstreamProvider" | None = None
     other_upstreams: list["BaseUpstreamProvider"] = []
 
-    for upstream in upstreams:
+    for upstream in filtered_upstreams:
         base_url = getattr(upstream, "base_url", "")
         if base_url == "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1":
             openrouter = upstream
@@ -134,6 +154,16 @@ def create_model_mappings(
         """Get base model ID by removing provider prefix."""
         return model_id.split("/", 1)[1] if "/" in model_id else model_id
 
+    def get_provider_identity(upstream: "BaseUpstreamProvider") -> str:
+        """Get a stable provider identity used for deduplication."""
+        db_id = getattr(upstream, "db_id", None)
+        if isinstance(db_id, int):
+            return f"db:{db_id}"
+
+        provider_type = str(getattr(upstream, "provider_type", "") or "").lower()
+        base_url = str(getattr(upstream, "base_url", "") or "").lower()
+        return f"{provider_type}|{base_url}"
+
     def _add_candidate(
         alias: str, model: "Model", provider: "BaseUpstreamProvider"
     ) -> None:
@@ -148,6 +178,7 @@ def create_model_mappings(
     ) -> None:
         """Process all models from a given provider."""
         upstream_prefix = getattr(upstream, "upstream_name", None)
+        provider_key = get_provider_identity(upstream)
 
         for model in upstream.get_cached_models():
             if not model.enabled or model.id in disabled_model_ids:
@@ -164,14 +195,15 @@ def create_model_mappings(
 
             # Add to unique models
             base_id = get_base_model_id(model_to_use.id)
-            if not is_openrouter or base_id not in unique_models:
+            unique_key = model_to_use.forwarded_model_id or base_id
+            if not is_openrouter or unique_key not in unique_models:
                 unique_model = model_to_use.copy(
                     update={
                         "id": base_id,
                         "upstream_provider_id": upstream.provider_type,
                     }
                 )
-                unique_models[base_id] = unique_model
+                unique_models[unique_key] = unique_model
 
             # Get all aliases for this model
             aliases = resolve_model_alias(
@@ -186,9 +218,14 @@ def create_model_mappings(
                 if prefixed_id not in aliases:
                     aliases.append(prefixed_id)
 
+            # Register forwarded_model_id as a routable alias
+            if model_to_use.forwarded_model_id and model_to_use.forwarded_model_id not in aliases:
+                aliases.append(model_to_use.forwarded_model_id)
+
             # Try to set each alias
             for alias in aliases:
                 _add_candidate(alias, model_to_use, upstream)
+            seen_model_provider.add((model_to_use.id.lower(), provider_key))
 
     # Process non-OpenRouter providers first
     for upstream in other_upstreams:
@@ -198,12 +235,115 @@ def create_model_mappings(
     if openrouter:
         process_provider_models(openrouter, is_openrouter=True)
 
+    # Include enabled DB overrides even when provider discovery misses models.
+    # This is important for deployment-based providers like Azure.
+    for model_id, override_data in overrides_by_id.items():
+        if model_id in disabled_model_ids:
+            continue
+        override_row, provider_fee = override_data
+        upstream_provider_id = getattr(override_row, "upstream_provider_id", None)
+        if not isinstance(upstream_provider_id, int):
+            continue
+
+        upstream_for_override = providers_by_db_id.get(upstream_provider_id)
+        if upstream_for_override is None:
+            continue
+
+        provider_key = get_provider_identity(upstream_for_override)
+        dedupe_key = (model_id.lower(), provider_key)
+        if dedupe_key in seen_model_provider:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            model_to_use = _row_to_model(
+                override_row, apply_provider_fee=True, provider_fee=provider_fee
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Skipping invalid model override while building model mappings",
+                extra={
+                    "model_id": model_id,
+                    "upstream_provider_id": upstream_provider_id,
+                    "error": str(exc),
+                    "error_type": type(exc).__name__,
+                },
+            )
+            continue
+        if not model_to_use.enabled:
+            continue
+
+        base_id = get_base_model_id(model_to_use.id)
+        unique_key = model_to_use.forwarded_model_id or base_id
+        is_openrouter = (
+            getattr(upstream_for_override, "base_url", "")
+            == "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
+        )
+        if not is_openrouter or unique_key not in unique_models:
+            unique_model = model_to_use.copy(
+                update={
+                    "id": base_id,
+                    "upstream_provider_id": upstream_for_override.provider_type,
+                }
+            )
+            unique_models[unique_key] = unique_model
+
+        try:
+            aliases = resolve_model_alias(
+                model_to_use.id,
+                model_to_use.canonical_slug,
+                alias_ids=model_to_use.alias_ids,
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Skipping model aliases for invalid override model",
+                extra={
+                    "model_id": model_id,
+                    "upstream_provider_id": upstream_provider_id,
+                    "error": str(exc),
+                    "error_type": type(exc).__name__,
+                },
+            )
+            continue
+
+        upstream_prefix = getattr(upstream_for_override, "upstream_name", None)
+        if upstream_prefix and "/" not in model_to_use.id:
+            prefixed_id = f"{upstream_prefix}/{model_to_use.id}"
+            if prefixed_id not in aliases:
+                aliases.append(prefixed_id)
+
+        # Register forwarded_model_id as a routable alias
+        if model_to_use.forwarded_model_id and model_to_use.forwarded_model_id not in aliases:
+            aliases.append(model_to_use.forwarded_model_id)
+
+        for alias in aliases:
+            _add_candidate(alias, model_to_use, upstream_for_override)
+        seen_model_provider.add(dedupe_key)
+
     # Sort candidates and build final maps
     model_instances: dict[str, "Model"] = {}
     provider_map: dict[str, list["BaseUpstreamProvider"]] = {}
 
     def alias_priority(model: "Model", alias: str) -> int:
-        """Rank how strong the mapping of alias->model is."""
+        """Rank how strong the mapping of alias->model is.
+
+        forwarded_model_id is the most specific identifier (set per-provider
+        instance), so a match there should beat a model_id match. This way,
+        when multiple providers have the same model_id but different
+        forwarded_model_ids, the one whose forwarded_model_id equals the
+        requested alias wins.
+        """
+        if (
+            model.forwarded_model_id
+            and model.forwarded_model_id.lower() == alias
+        ):
+            return 5
+
+        if (
+            model.id
+            and model.id.lower() == alias
+        ):
+            return 4
+
         model_base = get_base_model_id(model.id)
         if model_base == alias:
             return 3

routstr/auth.py

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional
 
 from fastapi import HTTPException
+from sqlalchemy import case
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlmodel import col, select, update
 
 from .core import get_logger
-from .core.db import ApiKey, AsyncSession
+from .core.db import ApiKey, AsyncSession, accumulate_routstr_fee
 from .core.settings import settings
 from .payment.cost_calculation import (
     CostData,
@@ -22,6 +23,13 @@ from .payment.cost_calculation import (
 from .wallet import credit_balance, deserialize_token_from_string
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
+payments_logger = get_logger("routstr.payments")
+
+# Routstr platform fee constants
+ROUTSTR_FEE_PERCENT: float = 2.1
+ROUTSTR_LN_ADDRESS: str = "npub130mznv74rxs032peqym6g3wqavh472623mt3z5w73xq9r6qqdufs7ql29s@npub.cash"
+ROUTSTR_FEE_PAYOUT_INTERVAL_SECONDS: int = 900
+ROUTSTR_FEE_DEFAULT_PAYOUT: int = 200
 
 # TODO: implement prepaid api key (not like it was before)
 # PREPAID_API_KEY = os.environ.get("PREPAID_API_KEY", None)
@@ -309,13 +317,13 @@ async def validate_bearer_key(
                 extra={"key_hash": hashed_key[:8] + "..."},
             )
 
-            logger.info(
+            logger.debug(
                 "AUTH: About to call credit_balance",
                 extra={"token_preview": bearer_key[:50]},
             )
             try:
                 msats = await credit_balance(bearer_key, new_key, session)
-                logger.info(
+                logger.debug(
                     "AUTH: credit_balance returned successfully", extra={"msats": msats}
                 )
             except Exception as credit_error:
@@ -348,6 +356,8 @@ async def validate_bearer_key(
             )
 
             return new_key
+        except HTTPException:
+            raise
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(
                 "Cashu token redemption failed",
@@ -370,12 +380,12 @@ async def validate_bearer_key(
                 },
             )
 
+    key_preview = bearer_key[:10] + "..." if len(bearer_key) > 10 else bearer_key
     logger.error(
-        "Invalid API key format",
+        f"Invalid API key format: preview={key_preview!r} length={len(bearer_key)} "
+        f"(expected 'sk-...' or 'cashu...' token)",
         extra={
-            "key_preview": bearer_key[:10] + "..."
-            if len(bearer_key) > 10
-            else bearer_key,
+            "key_preview": key_preview,
             "key_length": len(bearer_key),
         },
     )
@@ -384,7 +394,7 @@ async def validate_bearer_key(
         status_code=401,
         detail={
             "error": {
-                "message": "Invalid API key",
+                "message": "Invalid API key format. Expected an 'sk-...' API key or a 'cashu...' token.",
                 "type": "invalid_request_error",
                 "code": "invalid_api_key",
             }
@@ -582,18 +592,33 @@ async def pay_for_request(
             "total_requests": billing_key.total_requests,
         },
     )
+    payments_logger.info(
+        "RESERVE",
+        extra={
+            "event": "reserve",
+            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+            "cost_reserved": cost_per_request,
+            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+            "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+        },
+    )
 
     return cost_per_request
 
 
 async def revert_pay_for_request(
     key: ApiKey, session: AsyncSession, cost_per_request: int
-) -> None:
+) -> bool:
+    """Revert a previously reserved payment. Returns True if revert succeeded,
+    False if the reservation was already released (prevents negative reserved_balance)."""
     billing_key = await get_billing_key(key, session)
 
     stmt = (
         update(ApiKey)
         .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= cost_per_request)
         .values(
             reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - cost_per_request,
             total_requests=col(ApiKey.total_requests) - 1,
@@ -607,6 +632,7 @@ async def revert_pay_for_request(
         child_stmt = (
             update(ApiKey)
             .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+            .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= cost_per_request)
             .values(
                 total_requests=col(ApiKey.total_requests) - 1,
                 reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - cost_per_request,
@@ -616,8 +642,8 @@ async def revert_pay_for_request(
 
     await session.commit()
     if result.rowcount == 0:
-        logger.error(
-            "Failed to revert payment - insufficient reserved balance",
+        logger.warning(
+            "Revert skipped - reservation already released (no-op to prevent negative reserved_balance)",
             extra={
                 "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
                 "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
@@ -625,19 +651,22 @@ async def revert_pay_for_request(
                 "current_reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
             },
         )
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=402,
-            detail={
-                "error": {
-                    "message": f"failed to revert request payment: {cost_per_request} mSats required. {billing_key.balance} available.",
-                    "type": "payment_error",
-                    "code": "payment_error",
-                }
-            },
-        )
+        return False
     await session.refresh(billing_key)
     if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
         await session.refresh(key)
+    payments_logger.info(
+        "REVERT",
+        extra={
+            "event": "revert",
+            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+            "cost_reverted": cost_per_request,
+            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+        },
+    )
+    return True
 
 
 async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
@@ -669,17 +698,19 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
             release_stmt = (
                 update(ApiKey)
                 .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
+                .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost)
                 .values(
                     reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost
                 )
             )
-            await session.exec(release_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            result = await session.exec(release_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
 
             # Also release on child key if it's different
             if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
                 child_release_stmt = (
                     update(ApiKey)
                     .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+                    .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost)
                     .values(
                         reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
                         - deducted_max_cost
@@ -688,14 +719,24 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                 await session.exec(child_release_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
 
             await session.commit()
-            logger.warning(
-                "Released reservation without charging (fallback)",
-                extra={
-                    "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                    "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                    "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
-                },
-            )
+            if result.rowcount == 0:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Release reservation skipped - already released (no-op to prevent negative reserved_balance)",
+                    extra={
+                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
+                    },
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Released reservation without charging (fallback)",
+                    extra={
+                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
+                    },
+                )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(
                 "Failed to release reservation in fallback",
@@ -706,6 +747,17 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                 },
             )
 
+    async def _accumulate_fee(total_cost_msats: int) -> None:
+        if total_cost_msats > 0 and ROUTSTR_FEE_PERCENT > 0:
+            fee_msats = math.ceil(total_cost_msats * ROUTSTR_FEE_PERCENT / 100)
+            try:
+                await accumulate_routstr_fee(session, fee_msats)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Failed to accumulate Routstr fee",
+                    extra={"error": str(e), "fee_msats": fee_msats},
+                )
+
     match await calculate_cost(response_data, deducted_max_cost, session):
         case MaxCostData() as cost:
             logger.debug(
@@ -718,11 +770,32 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                 },
             )
             # Finalize by releasing reservation and charging max cost
+            if billing_key.reserved_balance < deducted_max_cost:
+                logger.error(
+                    "reserved_balance below deducted_max_cost before MaxCost finalization — clamping to 0",
+                    extra={
+                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                        "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
+                        "total_cost_msats": cost.total_msats,
+                        "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                        "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                        "model": model,
+                    },
+                )
+
+            safe_reserved = case(
+                (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                 col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                else_=0,
+            )
+
             finalize_stmt = (
                 update(ApiKey)
                 .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
                 .values(
-                    reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost,
+                    reserved_balance=safe_reserved,
                     balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - cost.total_msats,
                     total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + cost.total_msats,
                 )
@@ -731,13 +804,17 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
 
             # Also update total_spent and reserved_balance on the child key if it's different
             if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
+                child_safe_reserved = case(
+                    (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                     col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                    else_=0,
+                )
                 child_stmt = (
                     update(ApiKey)
                     .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
                     .values(
                         total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + cost.total_msats,
-                        reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                        - deducted_max_cost,
+                        reserved_balance=child_safe_reserved,
                     )
                 )
                 await session.exec(child_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
@@ -766,10 +843,30 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                         "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
                         "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
                         "charged_amount": cost.total_msats,
+                        "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                        "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
                         "new_balance": billing_key.balance,
                         "model": model,
                     },
                 )
+                await _accumulate_fee(cost.total_msats)
+                payments_logger.info(
+                    "FINALIZE",
+                    extra={
+                        "event": "finalize",
+                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                        "model": model,
+                        "cost_reserved": deducted_max_cost,
+                        "cost_charged": cost.total_msats,
+                        "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                        "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
+                        "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                        "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                        "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                        "finalize_type": "max_cost",
+                    },
+                )
             return cost.dict()
 
         case CostData() as cost:
@@ -789,6 +886,8 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                     "cost_difference": cost_difference,
                     "input_msats": cost.input_msats,
                     "output_msats": cost.output_msats,
+                    "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                    "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
                 },
             )
 
@@ -801,12 +900,32 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                         "model": model,
                     },
                 )
+                if billing_key.reserved_balance < deducted_max_cost:
+                    logger.error(
+                        "reserved_balance below deducted_max_cost on exact-cost finalization — clamping to 0",
+                        extra={
+                            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                            "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
+                            "total_cost_msats": total_cost_msats,
+                            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                            "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                            "model": model,
+                        },
+                    )
+
+                exact_safe_reserved = case(
+                    (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                     col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                    else_=0,
+                )
+
                 finalize_stmt = (
                     update(ApiKey)
                     .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
                     .values(
-                        reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                        - deducted_max_cost,
+                        reserved_balance=exact_safe_reserved,
                         balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - total_cost_msats,
                         total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
                     )
@@ -815,13 +934,17 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
 
                 # Also update total_spent and reserved_balance on the child key if it's different
                 if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
+                    child_exact_safe_reserved = case(
+                        (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                         col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                        else_=0,
+                    )
                     child_stmt = (
                         update(ApiKey)
                         .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
                         .values(
                             total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
-                            reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                            - deducted_max_cost,
+                            reserved_balance=child_exact_safe_reserved,
                         )
                     )
                     await session.exec(child_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
@@ -830,44 +953,56 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                 await session.refresh(billing_key)
                 if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
                     await session.refresh(key)
-                return cost.dict()
-
-            # this should never happen why do we handle this???
-            if cost_difference > 0:
-                # Need to charge more than reserved, finalize by releasing reservation and charging total
-                logger.info(
-                    "Additional charge required for token usage",
+                await _accumulate_fee(total_cost_msats)
+                payments_logger.info(
+                    "FINALIZE",
                     extra={
+                        "event": "finalize",
                         "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
                         "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                        "additional_charge": cost_difference,
-                        "current_balance": billing_key.balance,
-                        "sufficient_balance": billing_key.balance >= cost_difference,
                         "model": model,
+                        "cost_reserved": deducted_max_cost,
+                        "cost_charged": total_cost_msats,
+                        "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                        "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
+                        "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                        "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                        "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                        "finalize_type": "exact",
                     },
                 )
+                return cost.dict()
+
+            # actual cost exceeded discounted reservation (due to tolerance_percentage)
+            if cost_difference > 0:
+                # Always release the reservation and charge min(actual_cost, balance).
+                # Using a CASE expression makes this a single atomic UPDATE — no
+                # multi-level fallback needed and balance can never go negative.
+                chargeable = case(
+                    (col(ApiKey.balance) >= total_cost_msats, total_cost_msats),
+                    else_=col(ApiKey.balance),
+                )
 
                 finalize_stmt = (
                     update(ApiKey)
                     .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
+                    .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost)
                     .values(
-                        reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                        - deducted_max_cost,
-                        balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - total_cost_msats,
-                        total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
+                        reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost,
+                        balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - chargeable,
+                        total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + chargeable,
                     )
                 )
                 result = await session.exec(finalize_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
 
-                # Also update total_spent and reserved_balance on the child key if it's different
                 if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
                     child_stmt = (
                         update(ApiKey)
                         .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+                        .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost)
                         .values(
-                            total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
-                            reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                            - deducted_max_cost,
+                            reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost,
+                            total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + min(billing_key.balance, total_cost_msats),
                         )
                     )
                     await session.exec(child_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
@@ -875,11 +1010,10 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                 await session.commit()
 
                 if result.rowcount:
-                    cost.total_msats = total_cost_msats
                     await session.refresh(billing_key)
                     if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
                         await session.refresh(key)
-
+                    cost.total_msats = total_cost_msats
                     logger.info(
                         "Finalized payment with additional charge",
                         extra={
@@ -890,9 +1024,29 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                             "model": model,
                         },
                     )
+                    await _accumulate_fee(total_cost_msats)
+                    payments_logger.info(
+                        "FINALIZE",
+                        extra={
+                            "event": "finalize",
+                            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "model": model,
+                            "cost_reserved": deducted_max_cost,
+                            "cost_charged": total_cost_msats,
+                            "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                            "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
+                            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                            "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                            "finalize_type": "overrun",
+                        },
+                    )
                 else:
+                    # Guard fired: reservation was already released by a concurrent
+                    # finalization for this key. Nothing left to do.
                     logger.warning(
-                        "Failed to finalize additional charge - releasing reservation",
+                        "Finalization skipped - reservation already released",
                         extra={
                             "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
                             "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
@@ -900,7 +1054,6 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                             "model": model,
                         },
                     )
-                    await release_reservation_only()
             else:
                 # Refund some of the base cost
                 refund = abs(cost_difference)
@@ -915,12 +1068,33 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                     },
                 )
 
+                if billing_key.reserved_balance < deducted_max_cost:
+                    logger.error(
+                        "reserved_balance below deducted_max_cost on refund finalization — clamping to 0",
+                        extra={
+                            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                            "deducted_max_cost": deducted_max_cost,
+                            "total_cost_msats": total_cost_msats,
+                            "refund_amount": refund,
+                            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                            "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                            "model": model,
+                        },
+                    )
+
+                refund_safe_reserved = case(
+                    (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                     col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                    else_=0,
+                )
+
                 refund_stmt = (
                     update(ApiKey)
                     .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == billing_key.hashed_key)
                     .values(
-                        reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                        - deducted_max_cost,
+                        reserved_balance=refund_safe_reserved,
                         balance=col(ApiKey.balance) - total_cost_msats,
                         total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
                     )
@@ -929,13 +1103,17 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
 
                 # Also update total_spent and reserved_balance on the child key if it's different
                 if billing_key.hashed_key != key.hashed_key:
+                    child_refund_safe_reserved = case(
+                        (col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) >= deducted_max_cost,
+                         col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) - deducted_max_cost),
+                        else_=0,
+                    )
                     child_stmt = (
                         update(ApiKey)
                         .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
                         .values(
                             total_spent=col(ApiKey.total_spent) + total_cost_msats,
-                            reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance)
-                            - deducted_max_cost,
+                            reserved_balance=child_refund_safe_reserved,
                         )
                     )
                     await session.exec(child_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
@@ -972,6 +1150,25 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                             "model": model,
                         },
                     )
+                    await _accumulate_fee(total_cost_msats)
+                    payments_logger.info(
+                        "FINALIZE",
+                        extra={
+                            "event": "finalize",
+                            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "billing_key_hash": billing_key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
+                            "model": model,
+                            "cost_reserved": deducted_max_cost,
+                            "cost_charged": total_cost_msats,
+                            "refunded": refund,
+                            "input_tokens": cost.input_tokens,
+                            "output_tokens": cost.output_tokens,
+                            "balance": billing_key.balance,
+                            "reserved_balance": billing_key.reserved_balance,
+                            "total_spent": billing_key.total_spent,
+                            "finalize_type": "refund",
+                        },
+                    )
 
             return cost.dict()
 
@@ -997,18 +1194,8 @@ async def adjust_payment_for_tokens(
                     }
                 },
             )
-    # Fallback: should not reach here, but release reservation just in case
-    logger.error(
-        "Unexpected fallback in adjust_payment_for_tokens - releasing reservation",
-        extra={"key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...", "model": model},
-    )
-    await release_reservation_only()
-    return {
-        "base_msats": deducted_max_cost,
-        "input_msats": 0,
-        "output_msats": 0,
-        "total_msats": deducted_max_cost,
-    }
+    # All calculate_cost variants are handled above.
+    raise AssertionError("Unreachable: unhandled calculate_cost result")
 
 
 async def periodic_key_reset() -> None:

routstr/balance.py

@@ -5,10 +5,18 @@ from time import monotonic
 from typing import Annotated, NoReturn
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Header, HTTPException
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlmodel import col, select, update
 
-from .auth import validate_bearer_key
-from .core.db import ApiKey, AsyncSession, get_session
+from .auth import get_billing_key, validate_bearer_key
+from .core.db import (
+    ApiKey,
+    AsyncSession,
+    CashuTransaction,
+    get_session,
+    store_cashu_transaction,
+)
 from .core.logging import get_logger
 from .core.settings import settings
 from .lightning import lightning_router
@@ -34,10 +42,8 @@ async def get_key_from_header(
 
 
 async def get_balance_info(key: ApiKey, session: AsyncSession) -> dict:
-    from .auth import get_billing_key
-
     billing_key = await get_billing_key(key, session)
-    return {
+    info = {
         "api_key": "sk-" + key.hashed_key,
         "balance": billing_key.balance,
         "reserved": billing_key.reserved_balance,
@@ -50,6 +56,26 @@ async def get_balance_info(key: ApiKey, session: AsyncSession) -> dict:
         "validity_date": key.validity_date,
     }
 
+    if not key.parent_key_hash:
+        # Fetch child keys if this is a parent key
+        statement = select(ApiKey).where(ApiKey.parent_key_hash == key.hashed_key)
+        results = await session.exec(statement)
+        child_keys = results.all()
+        if child_keys:
+            info["child_keys"] = [
+                {
+                    "api_key": "sk-" + ck.hashed_key,
+                    "total_requests": ck.total_requests,
+                    "total_spent": ck.total_spent,
+                    "balance_limit": ck.balance_limit,
+                    "balance_limit_reset": ck.balance_limit_reset,
+                    "validity_date": ck.validity_date,
+                }
+                for ck in child_keys
+            ]
+
+    return info
+
 
 # TODO: remove this endpoint when frontend is updated
 @router.get("/", include_in_schema=False)
@@ -117,8 +143,6 @@ async def topup_wallet_endpoint(
     key: ApiKey = Depends(get_key_from_header),
     session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session),
 ) -> dict[str, int]:
-    from .auth import get_billing_key
-
     billing_key = await get_billing_key(key, session)
 
     if topup_request is not None:
@@ -137,9 +161,23 @@ async def topup_wallet_endpoint(
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Token already spent")
         elif "invalid" in error_msg.lower() or "decode" in error_msg.lower():
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid token format")
+        elif "insufficient" in error_msg.lower() or "melt fee" in error_msg.lower():
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"Token value is too small to cover swap fees. {error_msg}",
+            )
+        elif "failed to melt" in error_msg.lower():
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"Failed to swap foreign mint token. {error_msg}",
+            )
         else:
-            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Failed to redeem token")
-    except Exception:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Failed to redeem token: {error_msg}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "topup_wallet_endpoint: unhandled error",
+            extra={"error": str(e), "error_type": type(e).__name__},
+        )
         raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Internal server error")
     return {"msats": amount_msats}
 
@@ -173,23 +211,99 @@ async def _refund_cache_set(authorization: str, value: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         _refund_cache[key] = (expiry, value)
 
 
-@router.post("/refund")
+async def _lookup_key_no_create(
+    bearer_value: str, session: AsyncSession
+) -> ApiKey | None:
+    """Look up an existing API key without creating one Used by the refund endpoint"""
+    if bearer_value.startswith("sk-"):
+        return await session.get(ApiKey, bearer_value[3:])
+    if bearer_value.startswith("cashu"):
+        hashed = hashlib.sha256(bearer_value.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return await session.get(ApiKey, hashed)
+    return None
+
+
+async def _restore_balance(
+    session: AsyncSession, hashed_key: str, balance: int, reserved_balance: int, mint_url: str
+) -> None:
+    """Restore balance after a failed refund mint attempt."""
+    restore_stmt = (
+        update(ApiKey)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == hashed_key)
+        .values(
+            balance=col(ApiKey.balance) + balance,
+            reserved_balance=col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) + reserved_balance,
+        )
+    )
+    await session.exec(restore_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+    await session.commit()
+    logger.info(
+        "refund_wallet_endpoint: balance restored after mint failure",
+        extra={"hashed_key": hashed_key, "restored_balance": balance, "mint_url": mint_url},
+    )
+
+
+@router.post("/refund", response_model=None)
 async def refund_wallet_endpoint(
-    authorization: Annotated[str, Header(...)],
+    authorization: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = None,
+    x_cashu: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = None,
     session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session),
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    if not authorization.startswith("Bearer "):
+) -> JSONResponse | dict[str, str]:
+    if x_cashu:
+        # Find the "in" transaction by the original payment token
+        in_tx_result = await session.exec(
+            select(CashuTransaction).where(
+                CashuTransaction.token == x_cashu,
+                CashuTransaction.type == "in",
+            )
+        )
+        in_tx = in_tx_result.first()
+        if in_tx is None:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Refund not found")
+
+        # Use the request_id to find the associated "out" (refund) transaction
+        if in_tx.request_id is None:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Refund not found")
+
+        out_tx_result = await session.exec(
+            select(CashuTransaction).where(
+                CashuTransaction.request_id == in_tx.request_id,
+                CashuTransaction.type == "out",
+            )
+        )
+        out_tx = out_tx_result.first()
+        if out_tx is None:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Refund not found")
+        if out_tx.swept:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=410, detail="Refund has been swept")
+
+        out_tx.collected = True
+        session.add(out_tx)
+        await session.commit()
+        body: dict[str, str] = {"token": out_tx.token}
+        if out_tx.unit == "sat":
+            body["sats"] = str(out_tx.amount)
+        else:
+            body["msats"] = str(out_tx.amount)
+        return JSONResponse(content=body, headers={"X-Cashu": out_tx.token})
+
+    if authorization is None or not authorization.startswith("Bearer "):
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=401,
             detail="Invalid authorization. Use 'Bearer <cashu-token>' or 'Bearer <api-key>'",
         )
 
     bearer_value: str = authorization[7:]
+    key: ApiKey | None = await _lookup_key_no_create(bearer_value, session)
+    if key is None:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=401,
+            detail="Key not found. Deposit first via /v1/wallet/create before requesting a refund.",
+        )
 
-    key: ApiKey = await validate_bearer_key(bearer_value, session)
-
-    if cached := await _refund_cache_get(bearer_value):
-        return cached
+    if key.total_balance <= 0:
+        if cached := await _refund_cache_get(bearer_value):
+            return cached
 
     if key.parent_key_hash:
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -197,6 +311,12 @@ async def refund_wallet_endpoint(
             detail="Cannot refund child key. Please refund the parent key instead.",
         )
 
+    if key.reserved_balance > 0:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=400,
+            detail="Cannot refund key. There are ongoing requests for this api key.",
+        )
+
     remaining_balance_msats: int = key.total_balance
 
     if key.refund_currency == "sat":
@@ -209,7 +329,31 @@ async def refund_wallet_endpoint(
     elif remaining_balance <= 0:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="No balance to refund")
 
-    # Perform refund operation first, before modifying balance
+    # Capture values before debit — the session may refresh key after commit
+    pre_debit_balance = key.balance
+    pre_debit_reserved = key.reserved_balance
+
+    # --- DEBIT FIRST: atomically zero the balance before minting tokens ---
+    # This prevents the race where a concurrent topup/spend happens between
+    # reading the balance and minting the refund token (double-spend).
+    debit_stmt = (
+        update(ApiKey)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.hashed_key) == key.hashed_key)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.balance) == pre_debit_balance)
+        .where(col(ApiKey.reserved_balance) == pre_debit_reserved)
+        .values(balance=0, reserved_balance=0)
+    )
+    debit_result = await session.exec(debit_stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+    await session.commit()
+
+    if debit_result.rowcount == 0:
+        # Balance changed between read and debit — another request is active
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=409,
+            detail="Balance changed concurrently. Please retry the refund.",
+        )
+
+    # --- MINT: balance is locked at zero, safe to create the refund token ---
     try:
         if key.refund_address:
             from .core.settings import settings as global_settings
@@ -233,11 +377,24 @@ async def refund_wallet_endpoint(
         else:
             result["msats"] = str(remaining_balance_msats)
 
+        if "token" in result:
+            logger.info(
+                "refund_wallet_endpoint: cashu token issued",
+                extra={
+                    "path": "/v1/wallet/refund",
+                    "token": result["token"],
+                    "amount": remaining_balance,
+                    "currency": key.refund_currency or "sat",
+                },
+            )
+
     except HTTPException:
-        # Re-raise HTTP exceptions (like 400 for balance too small)
+        # Minting failed — restore the debited balance
+        await _restore_balance(session, key.hashed_key, pre_debit_balance, pre_debit_reserved, key.refund_mint_url or "")
         raise
     except Exception as e:
-        # If refund fails, don't modify the database
+        # Minting failed — restore the debited balance
+        await _restore_balance(session, key.hashed_key, pre_debit_balance, pre_debit_reserved, key.refund_mint_url or "")
         error_msg = str(e)
         if (
             "mint" in error_msg.lower()
@@ -251,14 +408,67 @@ async def refund_wallet_endpoint(
 
     await _refund_cache_set(bearer_value, result)
 
-    key.balance = 0
-    key.reserved_balance = 0
-    session.add(key)
-    await session.commit()
+    if "token" in result:
+        try:
+            await store_cashu_transaction(
+                token=result["token"],
+                amount=remaining_balance,
+                unit=key.refund_currency or "sat",
+                mint_url=key.refund_mint_url,
+                typ="out",
+                collected=False,
+                source="apikey",
+                api_key_hashed_key=key.hashed_key,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass  # store_cashu_transaction already logs
+
+    logger.info(
+        "refund_wallet_endpoint: refund successful",
+        extra={
+            "refunded_msats": remaining_balance_msats,
+            "previous_reserved_balance": key.reserved_balance,
+        },
+    )
 
     return result
 
 
+@router.get("/history")
+async def wallet_history(
+    key: ApiKey = Depends(get_key_from_header),
+    session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session),
+) -> dict[str, list[dict[str, str | int | bool | None]]]:
+    if key.parent_key_hash:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=400,
+            detail="Cannot view child key history. Please use the parent key instead.",
+        )
+
+    result = await session.exec(
+        select(CashuTransaction)
+        .where(CashuTransaction.api_key_hashed_key == key.hashed_key)
+        .order_by(col(CashuTransaction.created_at).desc())
+    )
+    transactions = result.all()
+    return {
+        "transactions": [
+            {
+                "id": tx.id,
+                "type": tx.type,
+                "source": tx.source,
+                "amount": tx.amount,
+                "unit": tx.unit,
+                "mint_url": tx.mint_url,
+                "created_at": tx.created_at,
+                "collected": tx.collected,
+                "swept": tx.swept,
+            }
+            for tx in transactions
+        ]
+    }
+
+
 @router.post("/donate")
 async def donate(token: str, ref: str | None = None) -> str:
     try:
@@ -383,6 +593,27 @@ async def reset_child_key_spent(
     return {"success": True, "message": "Child key balance reset successfully."}
 
 
+@router.get("/cashu-refund/{payment_token_hash}")
+async def get_cashu_refund(
+    payment_token_hash: str,
+    session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session),
+) -> dict:
+    """Retrieve a stored Cashu refund token by the hash of the original payment token."""
+    result = await session.get(CashuTransaction, payment_token_hash)
+    if result is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Refund not found")
+    if result.swept:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=410, detail="Refund has been swept")
+    result.collected = True
+    session.add(result)
+    await session.commit()
+    return {
+        "refund_token": result.token,
+        "amount": result.amount,
+        "unit": result.unit,
+    }
+
+
 @router.api_route(
     "/{path:path}",
     methods=["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"],

routstr/core/admin.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+import asyncio
 import json
 import secrets
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query, Request
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, RootModel
+from pydantic.v1 import ValidationError as PydanticValidationError
 from sqlmodel import select
 
 from ..payment.models import _row_to_model, list_models
@@ -16,7 +18,14 @@ from ..wallet import (
     send_token,
     slow_filter_spend_proofs,
 )
-from .db import ApiKey, ModelRow, UpstreamProviderRow, create_session
+from .db import (
+    ApiKey,
+    CashuTransaction,
+    CliToken,
+    ModelRow,
+    UpstreamProviderRow,
+    create_session,
+)
 from .log_manager import log_manager
 from .logging import get_logger
 from .settings import SettingsService, settings
@@ -27,14 +36,31 @@ admin_router = APIRouter(prefix="/admin", include_in_schema=False)
 
 admin_sessions: dict[str, int] = {}
 ADMIN_SESSION_DURATION = 3600
+# Usage analytics remain queryable up to 12 months.
+MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS = 365 * 24
 
 
-def require_admin_api(request: Request) -> None:
+async def require_admin_api(request: Request) -> None:
     auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
-    if auth_header and auth_header.startswith("Bearer "):
-        token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)[1]
-        expiry = admin_sessions.get(token)
-        if expiry and expiry > int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp()):
+    if not auth_header or not auth_header.startswith("Bearer "):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Unauthorized")
+
+    token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)[1]
+    now_ts = int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp())
+
+    # 1) Short-lived session token (in-memory)
+    expiry = admin_sessions.get(token)
+    if expiry and expiry > now_ts:
+        return
+
+    # 2) Long-lived CLI token (DB-backed)
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        result = await session.exec(select(CliToken).where(CliToken.token == token))
+        cli_token = result.first()
+        if cli_token and (cli_token.expires_at is None or cli_token.expires_at > now_ts):
+            cli_token.last_used_at = now_ts
+            session.add(cli_token)
+            await session.commit()
             return
 
     raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Unauthorized")
@@ -117,8 +143,8 @@ async def get_settings(request: Request) -> dict:
     return data
 
 
-class SettingsUpdate(BaseModel):
-    __root__: dict[str, object]
+class SettingsUpdate(RootModel[dict[str, object]]):
+    pass
 
 
 class PasswordUpdate(BaseModel):
@@ -129,14 +155,19 @@ class PasswordUpdate(BaseModel):
 @admin_router.patch("/api/settings", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
 async def update_settings(request: Request, update: SettingsUpdate) -> dict:
     # Remove sensitive fields from general settings update
-    settings_data = update.__root__.copy()
+    settings_data = update.root.copy()
     sensitive_fields = ["admin_password", "upstream_api_key", "nsec"]
     for field in sensitive_fields:
         if field in settings_data:
             del settings_data[field]
 
-    async with create_session() as session:
-        new_settings = await SettingsService.update(settings_data, session)
+    try:
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            new_settings = await SettingsService.update(settings_data, session)
+    except PydanticValidationError as e:
+        # Surface validation issues (e.g. non-positive payout amounts)
+        # as a clean 400 instead of a 500.
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=e.errors()) from e
     data = new_settings.dict()
     if "upstream_api_key" in data:
         data["upstream_api_key"] = "[REDACTED]" if data["upstream_api_key"] else ""
@@ -233,6 +264,73 @@ async def admin_logout(request: Request) -> dict[str, object]:
     return {"ok": True}
 
 
+# ─── CLI Tokens (long-lived bearer tokens for CLI/agent use) ───
+
+
+class CliTokenCreate(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    expires_in_days: int | None = None
+
+
+@admin_router.get("/api/cli-tokens", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
+async def list_cli_tokens() -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        result = await session.exec(select(CliToken))
+        tokens = result.all()
+    return [
+        {
+            "id": t.id,
+            "name": t.name,
+            "token_preview": f"{t.token[:8]}...{t.token[-4:]}",
+            "created_at": t.created_at,
+            "last_used_at": t.last_used_at,
+            "expires_at": t.expires_at,
+        }
+        for t in tokens
+    ]
+
+
+@admin_router.post("/api/cli-tokens", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
+async def create_cli_token(payload: CliTokenCreate) -> dict[str, object]:
+    name = (payload.name or "").strip()
+    if not name:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Name is required")
+
+    raw_token = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+    expires_at: int | None = None
+    if payload.expires_in_days is not None and payload.expires_in_days > 0:
+        expires_at = int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp()) + (
+            payload.expires_in_days * 86400
+        )
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        cli_token = CliToken(token=raw_token, name=name, expires_at=expires_at)
+        session.add(cli_token)
+        await session.commit()
+        await session.refresh(cli_token)
+
+    return {
+        "id": cli_token.id,
+        "name": cli_token.name,
+        "token": raw_token,  # full token returned only on creation
+        "created_at": cli_token.created_at,
+        "expires_at": cli_token.expires_at,
+    }
+
+
+@admin_router.delete(
+    "/api/cli-tokens/{token_id}", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)]
+)
+async def revoke_cli_token(token_id: str) -> dict[str, object]:
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        cli_token = await session.get(CliToken, token_id)
+        if not cli_token:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Token not found")
+        await session.delete(cli_token)
+        await session.commit()
+    return {"ok": True, "deleted_id": token_id}
+
+
 class WithdrawRequest(BaseModel):
     amount: int
     mint_url: str | None = None
@@ -286,6 +384,7 @@ class ModelCreate(BaseModel):
     canonical_slug: str | None = None
     alias_ids: list[str] | None = None
     enabled: bool = True
+    forwarded_model_id: str | None = None
 
 
 @admin_router.post(
@@ -330,6 +429,7 @@ async def upsert_provider_model(
                 json.dumps(payload.alias_ids) if payload.alias_ids else None
             )
             existing_row.enabled = payload.enabled
+            existing_row.forwarded_model_id = payload.forwarded_model_id or payload.id
 
             session.add(existing_row)
             await session.commit()
@@ -362,6 +462,7 @@ async def upsert_provider_model(
                 ),
                 upstream_provider_id=provider_id,
                 enabled=payload.enabled,
+                forwarded_model_id=payload.forwarded_model_id or payload.id,
             )
             session.add(row)
             await session.commit()
@@ -456,18 +557,18 @@ async def batch_override_provider_models(
     logger.info(
         f"BATCH_OVERRIDE called: provider_id={provider_id}, count={len(payload.models)}"
     )
-    
+
     async with create_session() as session:
         provider = await session.get(UpstreamProviderRow, provider_id)
         if not provider:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
-            
+
         overridden_count = 0
-        
+
         for model_data in payload.models:
             # Try to get existing model regardless of whether it's enabled or not
             existing_row = await session.get(ModelRow, (model_data.id, provider_id))
-            
+
             if existing_row:
                 # Update existing
                 existing_row.name = model_data.name
@@ -483,7 +584,9 @@ async def batch_override_provider_models(
                     else None
                 )
                 existing_row.top_provider = (
-                    json.dumps(model_data.top_provider) if model_data.top_provider else None
+                    json.dumps(model_data.top_provider)
+                    if model_data.top_provider
+                    else None
                 )
                 existing_row.canonical_slug = model_data.canonical_slug
                 existing_row.alias_ids = (
@@ -508,23 +611,32 @@ async def batch_override_provider_models(
                         else None
                     ),
                     top_provider=(
-                        json.dumps(model_data.top_provider) if model_data.top_provider else None
+                        json.dumps(model_data.top_provider)
+                        if model_data.top_provider
+                        else None
                     ),
                     canonical_slug=model_data.canonical_slug,
                     alias_ids=(
-                        json.dumps(model_data.alias_ids) if model_data.alias_ids else None
+                        json.dumps(model_data.alias_ids)
+                        if model_data.alias_ids
+                        else None
                     ),
                     upstream_provider_id=provider_id,
                     enabled=model_data.enabled,
                 )
                 session.add(row)
-            
+
             overridden_count += 1
-            
+
         await session.commit()
 
     await refresh_model_maps()
-    return {"ok": True, "count": overridden_count, "message": f"Successfully batch overridden {overridden_count} models"}
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "count": overridden_count,
+        "message": f"Successfully batch overridden {overridden_count} models",
+    }
+
 
 class UpstreamProviderCreate(BaseModel):
     provider_type: str
@@ -533,6 +645,7 @@ class UpstreamProviderCreate(BaseModel):
     api_version: str | None = None
     enabled: bool = True
     provider_fee: float = 1.01
+    provider_settings: dict | None = None
 
 
 class UpstreamProviderUpdate(BaseModel):
@@ -542,6 +655,7 @@ class UpstreamProviderUpdate(BaseModel):
     api_version: str | None = None
     enabled: bool | None = None
     provider_fee: float | None = None
+    provider_settings: dict | None = None
 
 
 @admin_router.get("/api/upstream-providers", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
@@ -558,6 +672,9 @@ async def get_upstream_providers() -> list[dict[str, object]]:
                 "api_version": p.api_version,
                 "enabled": p.enabled,
                 "provider_fee": p.provider_fee,
+                "provider_settings": json.loads(p.provider_settings)
+                if p.provider_settings
+                else None,
             }
             for p in providers
         ]
@@ -570,12 +687,14 @@ async def create_upstream_provider(
     async with create_session() as session:
         result = await session.exec(
             select(UpstreamProviderRow).where(
-                UpstreamProviderRow.base_url == payload.base_url
+                UpstreamProviderRow.base_url == payload.base_url,
+                UpstreamProviderRow.api_key == payload.api_key,
             )
         )
         if result.first():
             raise HTTPException(
-                status_code=409, detail="Provider with this base URL already exists"
+                status_code=409,
+                detail="Provider with this base URL and API key already exists",
             )
 
         provider = UpstreamProviderRow(
@@ -585,6 +704,9 @@ async def create_upstream_provider(
             api_version=payload.api_version,
             enabled=payload.enabled,
             provider_fee=payload.provider_fee,
+            provider_settings=json.dumps(payload.provider_settings)
+            if payload.provider_settings
+            else None,
         )
         session.add(provider)
         await session.commit()
@@ -600,6 +722,7 @@ async def create_upstream_provider(
         "api_version": provider.api_version,
         "enabled": provider.enabled,
         "provider_fee": provider.provider_fee,
+        "provider_settings": payload.provider_settings,
     }
 
 
@@ -619,6 +742,9 @@ async def get_upstream_provider(provider_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
             "api_version": provider.api_version,
             "enabled": provider.enabled,
             "provider_fee": provider.provider_fee,
+            "provider_settings": json.loads(provider.provider_settings)
+            if provider.provider_settings
+            else None,
         }
 
 
@@ -645,6 +771,8 @@ async def update_upstream_provider(
             provider.enabled = payload.enabled
         if payload.provider_fee is not None:
             provider.provider_fee = payload.provider_fee
+        if payload.provider_settings is not None:
+            provider.provider_settings = json.dumps(payload.provider_settings)
 
         session.add(provider)
         await session.commit()
@@ -660,6 +788,9 @@ async def update_upstream_provider(
         "api_version": provider.api_version,
         "enabled": provider.enabled,
         "provider_fee": provider.provider_fee,
+        "provider_settings": json.loads(provider.provider_settings)
+        if provider.provider_settings
+        else None,
     }
 
 
@@ -718,7 +849,7 @@ async def get_provider_models(provider_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
 
         db_model_ids = {model.id for model in db_models}
         filtered_remote_models = [
-            m for m in upstream_models if m.name not in db_model_ids
+            m for m in upstream_models if m.id not in db_model_ids
         ]
 
         return {
@@ -781,6 +912,47 @@ class TopupRequest(BaseModel):
     amount: int
 
 
+class TopupTokenRequest(BaseModel):
+    token: str
+
+
+@admin_router.post(
+    "/api/upstream-providers/{provider_id}/topup-token",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)],
+)
+async def topup_provider_with_token(
+    provider_id: int, payload: TopupTokenRequest
+) -> dict:
+    """Redeem a Cashu token for an upstream provider."""
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        provider = await session.get(UpstreamProviderRow, provider_id)
+        if not provider:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
+
+        import httpx
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            clean_url = provider.base_url.rstrip("/")
+            headers = {}
+            if provider.api_key:
+                headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {provider.api_key}"
+            resp = await client.post(
+                f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/topup",
+                json={"cashu_token": payload.token},
+                headers=headers,
+            )
+
+            if resp.status_code == 200:
+                return {"ok": True, "message": "Token redeemed successfully"}
+            else:
+                logger.error(f"Upstream token topup failed: {resp.text}")
+                try:
+                    error_detail = resp.json()
+                except Exception:
+                    error_detail = resp.text
+                return {"ok": False, "message": f"Upstream error: {error_detail}"}
+
+
 @admin_router.post(
     "/api/upstream-providers/{provider_id}/topup",
     dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)],
@@ -796,18 +968,84 @@ async def initiate_provider_topup(
         if not provider:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
 
-        upstream_instance = _instantiate_provider(provider)
-        if not upstream_instance:
-            raise HTTPException(
-                status_code=400, detail="Could not instantiate provider"
-            )
-
         try:
             logger.info(
                 f"Initiating top-up for provider {provider_id}",
                 extra={"amount": payload.amount},
             )
+
+            # For Routstr providers, we might be doing a Lightning top-up or a direct token transfer
+            if provider.provider_type == "routstr":
+                # UI sends sats for Routstr topup
+                import httpx
+
+                async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+                    clean_url = provider.base_url.rstrip("/")
+                    request_json = {
+                        "amount_sats": int(payload.amount),
+                        "purpose": "topup",
+                        "api_key": provider.api_key,
+                    }
+                    headers = (
+                        {"Authorization": f"Bearer {provider.api_key}"}
+                        if provider.api_key
+                        else {}
+                    )
+
+                    last_status_code = 500
+                    last_error_detail: object = "Failed to create top-up invoice"
+
+                    # Some upstream Routstr nodes fail the first invoice request after warm-up
+                    # and succeed immediately on retry. Retry once here so the UI stays single-click.
+                    for attempt in range(2):
+                        resp = await client.post(
+                            f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/lightning/invoice",
+                            json=request_json,
+                            headers=headers,
+                        )
+
+                        if resp.status_code == 200:
+                            data = resp.json()
+                            return {
+                                "ok": True,
+                                "topup_data": {
+                                    "payment_request": data.get("bolt11"),
+                                    "invoice_id": data.get("invoice_id"),
+                                    "status": "pending",
+                                },
+                            }
+
+                        logger.error(
+                            f"Upstream topup request failed: {resp.text}",
+                            extra={
+                                "provider_id": provider_id,
+                                "attempt": attempt + 1,
+                                "status_code": resp.status_code,
+                            },
+                        )
+                        try:
+                            last_error_detail = resp.json()
+                        except Exception:
+                            last_error_detail = resp.text
+                        last_status_code = resp.status_code
+
+                        if resp.status_code < 500 or attempt == 1:
+                            break
+
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
+
+                    raise HTTPException(
+                        status_code=last_status_code, detail=last_error_detail
+                    )
+
+            upstream_instance = _instantiate_provider(provider)
+            if not upstream_instance:
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    status_code=400, detail="Could not instantiate provider"
+                )
+
             topup_data = await upstream_instance.initiate_topup(payload.amount)
+
             logger.info(
                 "Top-up initiated successfully",
                 extra={
@@ -858,6 +1096,25 @@ async def check_topup_status(provider_id: int, invoice_id: str) -> dict[str, obj
         if not provider:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
 
+        # For Routstr providers, proxy the status check
+        if provider.provider_type == "routstr":
+            import httpx
+
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+                clean_url = provider.base_url.rstrip("/")
+                resp = await client.get(
+                    f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/lightning/invoice/{invoice_id}/status",
+                    headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {provider.api_key}"}
+                    if provider.api_key
+                    else {},
+                )
+                if resp.status_code == 200:
+                    status_data = resp.json()
+                    return {"ok": True, "paid": status_data.get("status") == "paid"}
+                else:
+                    logger.error(f"Upstream status check failed: {resp.text}")
+                    return {"ok": False, "paid": False}
+
         upstream_instance = _instantiate_provider(provider)
         if not upstream_instance:
             raise HTTPException(
@@ -885,7 +1142,7 @@ async def check_topup_status(provider_id: int, invoice_id: str) -> dict[str, obj
     dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)],
 )
 async def get_provider_balance(provider_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
-    """Get the current account balance for the upstream provider."""
+    """Get the current balance for an upstream provider account."""
     from ..upstream.helpers import _instantiate_provider
 
     async with create_session() as session:
@@ -893,6 +1150,61 @@ async def get_provider_balance(provider_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
         if not provider:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
 
+        # For Routstr providers, proxy the balance check
+        if provider.provider_type == "routstr":
+            import httpx
+
+            clean_url = provider.base_url.rstrip("/")
+            headers = {}
+            if provider.api_key:
+                headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {provider.api_key}"
+
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=10.0) as client:
+                try:
+                    resp = await client.get(
+                        f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/info",
+                        headers=headers,
+                    )
+                except httpx.TimeoutException as exc:
+                    logger.error(
+                        "Timed out fetching Routstr provider balance",
+                        extra={
+                            "provider_id": provider_id,
+                            "base_url": clean_url,
+                            "upstream_url": f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/info",
+                            "error": str(exc),
+                        },
+                    )
+                    raise HTTPException(
+                        status_code=504,
+                        detail="Timed out contacting upstream Routstr provider",
+                    ) from exc
+                except httpx.RequestError as exc:
+                    logger.error(
+                        "Failed to fetch Routstr provider balance",
+                        extra={
+                            "provider_id": provider_id,
+                            "base_url": clean_url,
+                            "upstream_url": f"{clean_url}/v1/balance/info",
+                            "error": str(exc),
+                        },
+                    )
+                    raise HTTPException(
+                        status_code=502,
+                        detail="Failed to contact upstream Routstr provider",
+                    ) from exc
+
+                if resp.status_code == 200:
+                    data = resp.json()
+                    # Return balance in sats
+                    balance = data.get("balance", 0)
+                    if isinstance(balance, (int, float)):
+                        return {"ok": True, "balance_data": balance // 1000}
+                    return {"ok": True, "balance_data": balance}
+                else:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to fetch Routstr balance: {resp.text}")
+                    return {"ok": False, "balance_data": None}
+
         upstream_instance = _instantiate_provider(provider)
         if not upstream_instance:
             raise HTTPException(
@@ -930,18 +1242,55 @@ async def get_usage_metrics(
         default=15, ge=1, le=1440, description="Time interval in minutes"
     ),
     hours: int = Query(
-        default=24, ge=1, le=168, description="Hours of history to analyze"
+        default=24,
+        ge=1,
+        le=MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS,
+        description="Hours of history to analyze",
     ),
 ) -> dict:
     """Get usage metrics aggregated by time interval."""
     return log_manager.get_usage_metrics(interval=interval, hours=hours)
 
 
+@admin_router.get("/api/usage/dashboard", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
+async def get_usage_dashboard(
+    request: Request,
+    interval: int = Query(
+        default=15, ge=1, le=1440, description="Time interval in minutes"
+    ),
+    hours: int = Query(
+        default=24,
+        ge=1,
+        le=MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS,
+        description="Hours of history to analyze",
+    ),
+    error_limit: int = Query(
+        default=100, ge=1, le=1000, description="Maximum number of errors to return"
+    ),
+    model_limit: int = Query(
+        default=20, ge=1, le=100, description="Maximum number of models to return"
+    ),
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Get all dashboard analytics in one request.
+    This runs one combined aggregation pass and avoids repeated scans.
+    """
+    return log_manager.get_usage_dashboard(
+        interval=interval,
+        hours=hours,
+        error_limit=error_limit,
+        model_limit=model_limit,
+    )
+
+
 @admin_router.get("/api/usage/summary", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
 async def get_usage_summary(
     request: Request,
     hours: int = Query(
-        default=24, ge=1, le=168, description="Hours of history to analyze"
+        default=24,
+        ge=1,
+        le=MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS,
+        description="Hours of history to analyze",
     ),
 ) -> dict:
     """Get summary statistics for the specified time period."""
@@ -952,7 +1301,10 @@ async def get_usage_summary(
 async def get_error_details(
     request: Request,
     hours: int = Query(
-        default=24, ge=1, le=168, description="Hours of history to analyze"
+        default=24,
+        ge=1,
+        le=MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS,
+        description="Hours of history to analyze",
     ),
     limit: int = Query(
         default=100, ge=1, le=1000, description="Maximum number of errors to return"
@@ -968,7 +1320,10 @@ async def get_error_details(
 async def get_revenue_by_model(
     request: Request,
     hours: int = Query(
-        default=24, ge=1, le=168, description="Hours of history to analyze"
+        default=24,
+        ge=1,
+        le=MAX_USAGE_ANALYTICS_HOURS,
+        description="Hours of history to analyze",
     ),
     limit: int = Query(
         default=20, ge=1, le=100, description="Maximum number of models to return"
@@ -1062,3 +1417,129 @@ async def get_log_dates_api(request: Request) -> dict[str, object]:
                 continue
 
     return {"dates": dates}
+
+
+@admin_router.get("/api/transactions", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)])
+async def get_transactions_api(
+    type: str | None = None,
+    status: str | None = None,
+    search: str | None = None,
+    source: str | None = None,
+    limit: int = 50,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> dict:
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        from sqlmodel import col, func
+
+        base = select(CashuTransaction)
+        if type:
+            base = base.where(CashuTransaction.type == type)
+        if source:
+            if source == "x-cashu":
+                base = base.where(
+                    (CashuTransaction.source == "x-cashu")
+                    | (CashuTransaction.source == None)  # noqa: E711
+                )
+            else:
+                base = base.where(CashuTransaction.source == source)
+        if status:
+            if status == "collected":
+                base = base.where(CashuTransaction.collected == True)  # noqa: E712
+            elif status == "swept":
+                base = base.where(CashuTransaction.swept == True)  # noqa: E712
+            elif status == "pending":
+                base = base.where(
+                    CashuTransaction.collected == False,  # noqa: E712
+                    CashuTransaction.swept == False,  # noqa: E712
+                )
+
+        if search:
+            search_pattern = f"%{search}%"
+            base = base.where(
+                (col(CashuTransaction.id).like(search_pattern))
+                | (col(CashuTransaction.token).like(search_pattern))
+                | (col(CashuTransaction.request_id).like(search_pattern))
+                | (col(CashuTransaction.api_key_hashed_key).like(search_pattern))
+            )
+
+        count_result = await session.exec(
+            select(func.count()).select_from(base.subquery())
+        )
+        total = count_result.one()
+
+        stmt = base.order_by(col(CashuTransaction.created_at).desc()).offset(offset).limit(limit)
+        results = await session.exec(stmt)
+        transactions = results.all()
+
+        return {
+            "transactions": [tx.dict() for tx in transactions],
+            "total": total,
+        }
+
+
+@admin_router.post(
+    "/api/upstream-providers/{provider_id}/routstr/refund",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_admin_api)],
+)
+async def refund_routstr_provider_balance(provider_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
+    """Refund balance from an upstream Routstr provider back to the local wallet."""
+    from ..upstream.helpers import _instantiate_provider
+    from ..upstream.routstr import RoutstrUpstreamProvider
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        provider_row = await session.get(UpstreamProviderRow, provider_id)
+        if not provider_row:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Provider not found")
+
+        if provider_row.provider_type != "routstr":
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400, detail="Refund only supported for Routstr providers"
+            )
+
+        provider = _instantiate_provider(provider_row)
+        if not isinstance(provider, RoutstrUpstreamProvider):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid provider instance")
+
+        try:
+            # Request refund from upstream
+            data = await provider.refund_balance()
+            if "error" in data:
+                # If the upstream returned an OpenAI-style error (like the model unknown error)
+                # it means the request likely didn't even reach the refund endpoint handler
+                # but was intercepted by the proxy layer.
+                error_info = data.get("error", {})
+                message = (
+                    error_info.get("message")
+                    if isinstance(error_info, dict)
+                    else str(error_info)
+                )
+                return {
+                    "ok": False,
+                    "message": f"Upstream refund failed: {message}",
+                }
+
+            token = data.get("token")
+            if not token:
+                return {"ok": False, "message": "Upstream did not return a token"}
+
+            # Receive token into local wallet
+            from ..wallet import recieve_token
+
+            try:
+                # Use current wallet to receive
+                await recieve_token(token)
+                return {
+                    "ok": True,
+                    "message": "Successfully received refund from upstream provider",
+                }
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to receive refund token: {e}")
+                return {
+                    "ok": False,
+                    "message": f"Failed to receive refund token: {str(e)}",
+                    "token": token,
+                }
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception(f"Refund failed for provider {provider_id}")
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))

routstr/core/db.py

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 import os
+import pathlib
+import sqlite3
 import time
+import uuid
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
 
 from alembic import command
 from alembic.config import Config
+from alembic.util.exc import CommandError
 from sqlalchemy import UniqueConstraint
+from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.engine import create_async_engine
-from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel, func, select, update
+from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel, col, func, select, update
 from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
 
 from .logging import get_logger
@@ -74,11 +79,10 @@ class ApiKey(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
 
 
 async def reset_all_reserved_balances(session: AsyncSession) -> None:
-    logger.info("Resetting all reserved balances to 0")
     stmt = update(ApiKey).values(reserved_balance=0)
     await session.exec(stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
     await session.commit()
-    logger.info("Reserved balances reset successfully")
+    logger.info("Reset reserved balances on startup")
 
 
 class ModelRow(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
@@ -101,6 +105,10 @@ class ModelRow(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
         default=None, description="JSON array of model alias IDs"
     )
     enabled: bool = Field(default=True, description="Whether this model is enabled")
+    forwarded_model_id: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Model ID to use when forwarding requests to upstream provider. Defaults to id if not set.",
+    )
     upstream_provider: "UpstreamProviderRow" = Relationship(back_populates="models")
 
 
@@ -126,6 +134,73 @@ class LightningInvoice(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
     paid_at: int | None = Field(default=None, description="Unix timestamp when paid")
 
 
+class CashuTransaction(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
+    __tablename__ = "cashu_transactions"
+
+    id: str = Field(
+        primary_key=True,
+        default_factory=lambda: uuid.uuid4().hex,
+        description="Unique transaction identifier",
+    )
+    token: str = Field(description="Serialized Cashu token")
+    amount: int = Field(description="Amount in the token's unit")
+    unit: str = Field(description="Token unit (sat or msat)")
+    mint_url: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Mint URL for the token")
+    type: str = Field(default="out", description="Transaction type: in or out")
+    request_id: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Associated request ID")
+    created_at: int = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()),
+        description="Unix timestamp",
+    )
+    collected: bool = Field(default=False)
+    swept: bool = Field(default=False)
+    source: str = Field(
+        default="x-cashu",
+        description="Payment source: x-cashu or apikey",
+    )
+    api_key_hashed_key: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        foreign_key="api_keys.hashed_key",
+        index=True,
+        description="Associated API key hash for wallet history",
+    )
+
+
+async def store_cashu_transaction(
+    token: str,
+    amount: int,
+    unit: str,
+    mint_url: str | None = None,
+    typ: str = "out",
+    request_id: str | None = None,
+    collected: bool = False,
+    created_at: int | None = None,
+    source: str = "x-cashu",
+    api_key_hashed_key: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    try:
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            tx = CashuTransaction(
+                token=token,
+                amount=amount,
+                unit=unit,
+                mint_url=mint_url,
+                type=typ,
+                request_id=request_id,
+                collected=collected,
+                created_at=created_at or int(time.time()),
+                source=source,
+                api_key_hashed_key=api_key_hashed_key,
+            )
+            session.add(tx)
+            await session.commit()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Failed to store cashu transaction: {e} (type={typ})",
+            extra={"error": str(e), "type": typ},
+        )
+
+
 class UpstreamProviderRow(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
     __tablename__ = "upstream_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
@@ -146,12 +221,75 @@ class UpstreamProviderRow(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
     provider_fee: float = Field(
         default=1.01, description="Provider fee multiplier (default 1%)"
     )
+    provider_settings: str | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="JSON string for provider-specific settings"
+    )
     models: list["ModelRow"] = Relationship(
         back_populates="upstream_provider",
         sa_relationship_kwargs={"cascade": "all, delete-orphan"},
     )
 
 
+class RoutstrFee(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
+    __tablename__ = "routstr_fees"
+    id: int = Field(default=1, primary_key=True)
+    accumulated_msats: int = Field(default=0)
+    total_paid_msats: int = Field(default=0)
+    last_paid_at: int | None = Field(default=None)
+
+
+class CliToken(SQLModel, table=True):  # type: ignore
+    """Long-lived authorization token for CLI/agent use against admin endpoints."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "cli_tokens"
+    id: str = Field(
+        primary_key=True, default_factory=lambda: uuid.uuid4().hex
+    )
+    token: str = Field(unique=True, index=True, description="Bearer token value")
+    name: str = Field(description="Human-readable label for this token")
+    created_at: int = Field(default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()))
+    last_used_at: int | None = Field(default=None)
+    expires_at: int | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="Optional expiry unix timestamp; null = never expires"
+    )
+
+
+async def accumulate_routstr_fee(session: AsyncSession, amount_msats: int) -> None:
+    stmt = (
+        update(RoutstrFee)
+        .where(col(RoutstrFee.id) == 1)
+        .values(accumulated_msats=RoutstrFee.accumulated_msats + amount_msats)
+    )
+    result = await session.exec(stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+    if result.rowcount == 0:
+        session.add(RoutstrFee(id=1, accumulated_msats=amount_msats))
+    await session.commit()
+
+
+async def get_routstr_fee(session: AsyncSession) -> RoutstrFee:
+    fee = await session.get(RoutstrFee, 1)
+    if fee is None:
+        fee = RoutstrFee(id=1, accumulated_msats=0, total_paid_msats=0)
+        session.add(fee)
+        await session.commit()
+        await session.refresh(fee)
+    return fee
+
+
+async def reset_routstr_fee(session: AsyncSession, paid_msats: int) -> None:
+    stmt = (
+        update(RoutstrFee)
+        .where(col(RoutstrFee.id) == 1)
+        .values(
+            accumulated_msats=RoutstrFee.accumulated_msats - paid_msats,
+            total_paid_msats=RoutstrFee.total_paid_msats + paid_msats,
+            last_paid_at=int(time.time()),
+        )
+    )
+    await session.exec(stmt)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+    await session.commit()
+
+
 async def balances_for_mint_and_unit(
     db_session: AsyncSession, mint_url: str, unit: str
 ) -> int:
@@ -181,11 +319,64 @@ async def create_session() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
         yield session
 
 
+def fix_cashu_migrations() -> None:
+    """
+    Fixes Cashu wallet migrations that are not idempotent.
+    This specifically addresses the 'duplicate column name: public_keys' error
+    in the keysets table of Cashu's internal SQLite databases.
+    """
+    project_root = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+    wallet_dir = project_root / ".wallet"
+
+    if not wallet_dir.exists() or not wallet_dir.is_dir():
+        return
+
+    logger.info("Checking Cashu wallet databases for migration idempotency")
+
+    for db_file in wallet_dir.glob("*.sqlite3"):
+        try:
+            conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
+            cursor = conn.cursor()
+
+            # Check if keysets table exists
+            cursor.execute(
+                "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='keysets'"
+            )
+            if not cursor.fetchone():
+                conn.close()
+                continue
+
+            # Check if public_keys column exists
+            cursor.execute("PRAGMA table_info(keysets)")
+            columns = [info[1] for info in cursor.fetchall()]
+
+            if "public_keys" not in columns:
+                logger.info(f"Adding missing public_keys column to {db_file.name}")
+                cursor.execute("ALTER TABLE keysets ADD COLUMN public_keys TEXT")
+                conn.commit()
+
+            conn.close()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Could not check/fix Cashu database {db_file}: {e}")
+
+
+def _clear_alembic_version() -> None:
+    """Clear the alembic_version table so stamp/upgrade can proceed."""
+    sync_url = DATABASE_URL.replace("+aiosqlite", "")
+    from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
+
+    eng = create_engine(sync_url)
+    with eng.begin() as conn:
+        conn.execute(text("DELETE FROM alembic_version"))
+    eng.dispose()
+
+
 def run_migrations() -> None:
     """Run Alembic migrations programmatically."""
-    import pathlib
-
     try:
+        # Run Cashu migration fix first
+        fix_cashu_migrations()
+
         # Get the path to the alembic.ini file
         project_root = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
         alembic_ini_path = project_root / "alembic.ini"
@@ -201,8 +392,30 @@ def run_migrations() -> None:
         # Set the database URL in the config
         alembic_cfg.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", DATABASE_URL)
 
-        # Run migrations to the latest revision
-        command.upgrade(alembic_cfg, "head")
+        try:
+            command.upgrade(alembic_cfg, "head")
+        except CommandError as e:
+            if "Can't locate revision" in str(e):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Database stamped with unknown revision (likely from another branch). "
+                    "Re-stamping to current head.",
+                    extra={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+                _clear_alembic_version()
+                command.stamp(alembic_cfg, "head")
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OperationalError as e:
+            if "duplicate column name" in str(e).lower():
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Migration hit a column that already exists (likely added via "
+                    "create_all on another branch). Stamping to current head.",
+                    extra={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+                _clear_alembic_version()
+                command.stamp(alembic_cfg, "head")
+            else:
+                raise
 
         logger.info("Database migrations completed successfully")
 

routstr/core/exceptions.py

@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONRespon
     # Get status code and detail - works for both FastAPI and Starlette HTTPException
     status_code = getattr(exc, "status_code", 500)
     detail = getattr(exc, "detail", str(exc))
+    path = request.url.path
 
-    logger.warning(
-        "HTTP exception",
-        extra={
-            "request_id": request_id,
-            "status_code": status_code,
-            "detail": detail,
-            "path": request.url.path,
-        },
-    )
+    # 4xx is client behaviour; the uvicorn access log already records it.
+    # Only 5xx warrants a server-side warning/error log here.
+    if status_code >= 500:
+        logger.error(
+            f"HTTP {status_code} on {path}: {detail}",
+            extra={
+                "request_id": request_id,
+                "status_code": status_code,
+                "detail": detail,
+                "path": path,
+            },
+        )
 
     return JSONResponse(
         status_code=status_code,

routstr/core/logging.py

@@ -3,50 +3,61 @@ Logging configuration for Routstr.
 
 CRITICAL LOG MESSAGES FOR USAGE STATISTICS:
 ===========================================
-The following log messages are parsed by the usage tracking system (routstr/core/admin.py).
+The following log messages are parsed by the usage tracking system
+(routstr/core/usage_analytics_store.py and routstr/core/log_manager.py).
 DO NOT modify or remove these messages without updating the usage tracking logic:
 
 1. "Received proxy request" (INFO) - routstr/proxy.py
    - Used to count total incoming requests
    - Includes model information in context
 
-    2. "Payment adjustment completed for streaming" (INFO) - routstr/upstream/base.py
-       "Payment adjustment completed for non-streaming" (INFO) - routstr/upstream/base.py
+2. "Calculated token-based cost" (INFO) - routstr/auth.py
    - Used to track successful completions and revenue
-   - The 'cost_data.total_msats' field is extracted for revenue calculation
-   - Must include 'cost_data' in extra dict
+   - The 'token_cost', 'model', 'input_tokens', and 'output_tokens' fields are extracted for dashboard metrics
 
-3. "Payment processed successfully" (INFO) - routstr/auth.py
+3. "Max cost payment finalized" (INFO) - routstr/auth.py
+   - Used as the successful completion fallback when token usage is unavailable
+   - The 'charged_amount', 'model', 'input_tokens', and 'output_tokens' fields are extracted for dashboard metrics
+
+4. "Payment processed successfully" (INFO) - routstr/auth.py
    - Used to count successful payment processing events
    - Tracks payment-related metrics
 
-4. "Upstream request failed, revert payment" (WARNING) - routstr/proxy.py
+5. "Upstream request failed, revert payment" (WARNING) - routstr/proxy.py
    - Used to track failed requests and refunds
    - The 'max_cost_for_model' field is extracted for refund calculation
    - Must include 'max_cost_for_model' in extra dict
 
-5. Any ERROR level logs with "upstream" in the message
+6. Any ERROR level logs with "upstream" in the message
    - Used to count upstream provider errors
    - Helps identify service reliability issues
 
 If you need to modify these messages, ensure you also update the parsing logic in:
-- routstr/core/admin.py:_aggregate_metrics_by_time()
-- routstr/core/admin.py:_get_summary_stats()
-- routstr/core/admin.py:get_revenue_by_model()
+- routstr/core/usage_analytics_store.py
+- routstr/core/log_manager.py
 """
 
 import logging.config
 import logging.handlers
 import os
 import re
+import sys
 import tomllib
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 from pythonjsonlogger import jsonlogger
+from rich.console import Console
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 
+# Only use RichHandler when stdout is a real TTY. In non-TTY contexts
+# (docker logs, pipes, CI) Rich pads every line to width and wraps long
+# records, producing visually-empty trailing whitespace and split records.
+# A plain StreamHandler avoids both problems.
+_stdout_is_tty = sys.stdout.isatty()
+_console = Console(soft_wrap=True) if _stdout_is_tty else None
+
 # Define custom TRACE level
 TRACE_LEVEL = 5
 logging.addLevelName(TRACE_LEVEL, "TRACE")
@@ -259,6 +270,26 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
     if console_enabled:
         handlers.append("console")
 
+    if _stdout_is_tty:
+        console_handler: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "()": RichHandler,
+            "level": log_level,
+            "show_time": False,
+            "show_path": False,
+            "rich_tracebacks": True,
+            "markup": True,
+            "console": _console,
+            "filters": ["request_id_filter", "security_filter"],
+        }
+    else:
+        console_handler = {
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "level": log_level,
+            "formatter": "plain",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+            "filters": ["request_id_filter", "security_filter"],
+        }
+
     LOGGING_CONFIG = {
         "version": 1,
         "disable_existing_loggers": False,
@@ -268,6 +299,10 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
                 "format": "%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelname)s %(message)s %(pathname)s %(lineno)d %(version)s %(request_id)s",
                 "datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
             },
+            "plain": {
+                "format": "%(asctime)s %(levelname)-7s %(name)s %(message)s",
+                "datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+            },
         },
         "filters": {
             "version_filter": {"()": VersionFilter},
@@ -275,15 +310,7 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
             "security_filter": {"()": SecurityFilter},
         },
         "handlers": {
-            "console": {
-                "()": RichHandler,
-                "level": log_level,
-                "show_time": False,
-                "show_path": False,
-                "rich_tracebacks": True,
-                "markup": True,
-                "filters": ["request_id_filter", "security_filter"],
-            },
+            "console": console_handler,
             "file": {
                 "()": DailyRotatingFileHandler,
                 "level": log_level,

routstr/core/main.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import asyncio
-import os
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
@@ -9,15 +8,23 @@ from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse, RedirectResponse
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
 from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.responses import Response as StarletteResponse
+from starlette.types import Scope
 
 from ..auth import periodic_key_reset
 from ..balance import balance_router, deprecated_wallet_router
-from ..nostr import announce_provider, providers_cache_refresher
+from ..nostr import (
+    announce_provider,
+    providers_cache_refresher,
+    publish_usage_analytics,
+)
 from ..nostr.discovery import providers_router
 from ..payment.models import models_router, update_sats_pricing
 from ..payment.price import update_prices_periodically
 from ..proxy import initialize_upstreams, proxy_router, refresh_model_maps_periodically
-from ..wallet import periodic_payout
+from ..upstream.auto_topup import periodic_auto_topup
+from ..upstream.litellm_routing import configure_litellm
+from ..wallet import periodic_payout, periodic_refund_sweep, periodic_routstr_fee_payout
 from .admin import admin_router
 from .db import create_session, init_db, run_migrations
 from .exceptions import general_exception_handler, http_exception_handler
@@ -25,16 +32,12 @@ from .logging import get_logger, setup_logging
 from .middleware import LoggingMiddleware
 from .settings import SettingsService
 from .settings import settings as global_settings
+from .version import __version__
 
 # Initialize logging first
 setup_logging()
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
-if os.getenv("VERSION_SUFFIX") is not None:
-    __version__ = f"0.3.0-{os.getenv('VERSION_SUFFIX')}"
-else:
-    __version__ = "0.3.0"
-
 
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
@@ -44,12 +47,20 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
     pricing_task = None
     payout_task = None
     nip91_task = None
+    analytics_task = None
     providers_task = None
     models_refresh_task = None
     model_maps_refresh_task = None
     key_reset_task = None
+    auto_topup_task = None
+    refund_sweep_task = None
+    routstr_fee_task = None
 
     try:
+        # Apply litellm-wide settings (drop_params, chat-completions URL,
+        # debug logging) before any upstream provider dispatches a request.
+        configure_litellm()
+
         # Run database migrations on startup
         run_migrations()
 
@@ -94,16 +105,23 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
         btc_price_task = asyncio.create_task(update_prices_periodically())
         pricing_task = asyncio.create_task(update_sats_pricing())
         if global_settings.models_refresh_interval_seconds > 0:
+            # Pass the accessor (not its current value) so the loop sees providers
+            # added/changed via reinitialize_upstreams() instead of staying pinned
+            # to the startup snapshot.
             models_refresh_task = asyncio.create_task(
-                refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(get_upstreams())
+                refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(get_upstreams)
             )
         model_maps_refresh_task = asyncio.create_task(refresh_model_maps_periodically())
         payout_task = asyncio.create_task(periodic_payout())
         if global_settings.nsec:
             nip91_task = asyncio.create_task(announce_provider())
+        analytics_task = asyncio.create_task(publish_usage_analytics())
         if global_settings.providers_refresh_interval_seconds > 0:
             providers_task = asyncio.create_task(providers_cache_refresher())
         key_reset_task = asyncio.create_task(periodic_key_reset())
+        auto_topup_task = asyncio.create_task(periodic_auto_topup())
+        refund_sweep_task = asyncio.create_task(periodic_refund_sweep())
+        routstr_fee_task = asyncio.create_task(periodic_routstr_fee_payout())
 
         yield
 
@@ -127,6 +145,8 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
             payout_task.cancel()
         if nip91_task is not None:
             nip91_task.cancel()
+        if analytics_task is not None:
+            analytics_task.cancel()
         if providers_task is not None:
             providers_task.cancel()
         if models_refresh_task is not None:
@@ -135,6 +155,12 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
             model_maps_refresh_task.cancel()
         if key_reset_task is not None:
             key_reset_task.cancel()
+        if auto_topup_task is not None:
+            auto_topup_task.cancel()
+        if refund_sweep_task is not None:
+            refund_sweep_task.cancel()
+        if routstr_fee_task is not None:
+            routstr_fee_task.cancel()
 
         try:
             tasks_to_wait = []
@@ -146,6 +172,8 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
                 tasks_to_wait.append(payout_task)
             if nip91_task is not None:
                 tasks_to_wait.append(nip91_task)
+            if analytics_task is not None:
+                tasks_to_wait.append(analytics_task)
             if providers_task is not None:
                 tasks_to_wait.append(providers_task)
             if models_refresh_task is not None:
@@ -154,6 +182,12 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
                 tasks_to_wait.append(model_maps_refresh_task)
             if key_reset_task is not None:
                 tasks_to_wait.append(key_reset_task)
+            if auto_topup_task is not None:
+                tasks_to_wait.append(auto_topup_task)
+            if refund_sweep_task is not None:
+                tasks_to_wait.append(refund_sweep_task)
+            if routstr_fee_task is not None:
+                tasks_to_wait.append(routstr_fee_task)
 
             if tasks_to_wait:
                 await asyncio.gather(*tasks_to_wait, return_exceptions=True)
@@ -165,6 +199,23 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
             )
 
 
+class _ImmutableStaticFiles(StaticFiles):
+    """Static files with long Cache-Control for content-hashed Next.js assets.
+
+    Files under `/_next/static/` are emitted with content hashes in their
+    filenames and never mutate, so we serve them with a one-year immutable
+    cache header so browsers and CDNs stop revalidating on every reload.
+    """
+
+    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> StarletteResponse:
+        response = await super().get_response(path, scope)
+        if response.status_code == 200:
+            response.headers["Cache-Control"] = (
+                "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"
+            )
+        return response
+
+
 app = FastAPI(version=__version__, lifespan=lifespan)
 
 
@@ -174,7 +225,7 @@ app.add_middleware(
     allow_credentials=True,
     allow_methods=["*"],
     allow_headers=["*"],
-    expose_headers=["x-routstr-request-id"],
+    expose_headers=["x-routstr-request-id", "x-cashu"],
 )
 
 # Add logging middleware
@@ -211,7 +262,7 @@ if UI_DIST_PATH.exists() and UI_DIST_PATH.is_dir():
 
     app.mount(
         "/_next",
-        StaticFiles(directory=UI_DIST_PATH / "_next", check_dir=True),
+        _ImmutableStaticFiles(directory=UI_DIST_PATH / "_next", check_dir=True),
         name="next-static",
     )
 
@@ -219,100 +270,70 @@ if UI_DIST_PATH.exists() and UI_DIST_PATH.is_dir():
     async def serve_root_ui() -> FileResponse:
         return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "index.html")
 
-    # Add explicit route for /index.txt to redirect to /
+    # Serve the App Router RSC payload for the home page.
     @app.get("/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/")
+    async def serve_root_rsc() -> FileResponse:
+        return FileResponse(
+            UI_DIST_PATH / "index.txt", media_type="text/x-component"
+        )
+
+    # Next.js is built with `trailingSlash: true`, so all UI page URLs end
+    # with a slash (e.g. `/login/`). The proxy router catches `/{path:path}`
+    # before FastAPI's `redirect_slashes` logic can normalize the URL, so we
+    # must register both the with-slash and without-slash variants here.
+    UI_PAGES = (
+        "dashboard",
+        "login",
+        "model",
+        "providers",
+        "settings",
+        "transactions",
+        "balances",
+        "logs",
+        "usage",
+        "unauthorized",
+    )
+
+    def _register_ui_page(name: str) -> None:
+        page_dir = UI_DIST_PATH / name
+        index_html = page_dir / "index.html"
+        index_txt = page_dir / "index.txt"
+
+        async def serve_page() -> FileResponse:
+            return FileResponse(index_html)
+
+        async def serve_page_rsc() -> FileResponse:
+            return FileResponse(index_txt, media_type="text/x-component")
+
+        app.add_api_route(
+            f"/{name}",
+            serve_page,
+            methods=["GET"],
+            include_in_schema=False,
+            name=f"serve_{name}_ui",
+        )
+        app.add_api_route(
+            f"/{name}/",
+            serve_page,
+            methods=["GET"],
+            include_in_schema=False,
+            name=f"serve_{name}_ui_slash",
+        )
+        app.add_api_route(
+            f"/{name}/index.txt",
+            serve_page_rsc,
+            methods=["GET"],
+            include_in_schema=False,
+            name=f"serve_{name}_rsc",
+        )
+
+    for _page in UI_PAGES:
+        _register_ui_page(_page)
 
     @app.get("/admin")
     async def admin_redirect() -> FileResponse:
         return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "index.html")
 
-    @app.get("/dashboard", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_dashboard_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "index.html")
-
-    @app.get("/login", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_login_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "login" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /login/index.txt to redirect to /login
-    @app.get("/login/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_login_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/login")
-
-    @app.get("/model", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_models_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "model" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /model/index.txt to redirect to /model
-    @app.get("/model/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_model_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/model")
-
-    @app.get("/providers", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_providers_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "providers" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /providers/index.txt to redirect to /providers
-    @app.get("/providers/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_providers_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/providers")
-
-    @app.get("/settings", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_settings_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "settings" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /settings/index.txt to redirect to /settings
-    @app.get("/settings/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_settings_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/settings")
-
-    @app.get("/transactions", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_transactions_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "transactions" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /transactions/index.txt to redirect to /transactions
-    @app.get("/transactions/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_transactions_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/transactions")
-
-    @app.get("/balances", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_balances_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "balances" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /balances/index.txt to redirect to /balances
-    @app.get("/balances/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_balances_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/balances")
-
-    @app.get("/logs", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_logs_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "logs" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /logs/index.txt to redirect to /logs
-    @app.get("/logs/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_logs_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/logs")
-
-    @app.get("/usage", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_usage_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "usage" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /usage/index.txt to redirect to /usage
-    @app.get("/usage/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_usage_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/usage")
-
-    @app.get("/unauthorized", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def serve_unauthorized_ui() -> FileResponse:
-        return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "unauthorized" / "index.html")
-
-    # Add explicit route for /unauthorized/index.txt to redirect to /unauthorized
-    @app.get("/unauthorized/index.txt", include_in_schema=False)
-    async def redirect_unauthorized_index_txt() -> RedirectResponse:
-        return RedirectResponse("/unauthorized")
-
     @app.get("/favicon.ico", include_in_schema=False)
     async def serve_favicon() -> FileResponse:
         icon_path = UI_DIST_PATH / "icon.ico"
@@ -324,9 +345,6 @@ if UI_DIST_PATH.exists() and UI_DIST_PATH.is_dir():
     async def serve_icon() -> FileResponse:
         return FileResponse(UI_DIST_PATH / "icon.ico")
 
-    app.mount(
-        "/static", StaticFiles(directory=UI_DIST_PATH, check_dir=True), name="ui-static"
-    )
 else:
     logger.warning(
         f"UI dist directory not found at {UI_DIST_PATH}, skipping static file serving"

routstr/core/middleware.py

@@ -14,8 +14,54 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 request_id_context: ContextVar[str | None] = ContextVar("request_id")
 
 
+# Methods that are never logged: HEAD requests are health probes from
+# monitoring/load balancers, OPTIONS are CORS preflights — both are framework
+# chatter, not user-meaningful events.
+_SKIP_LOG_METHODS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({"HEAD", "OPTIONS"})
+
+# Path prefixes to skip. Includes Next.js static chunks and the admin
+# dashboard's internal polling API (/admin/api/*) which the UI hits on a timer
+# to refresh balances, logs, providers, etc. — high volume, low diagnostic
+# value. Mutating admin actions are recorded separately in the audit log.
+_SKIP_LOG_PREFIXES: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "/_next/",
+    "/admin/api/",
+)
+
+# Exact paths to skip. RSC payload prefetches (`*/index.txt`) fire automatically
+# as the user hovers near `<Link>`s, and `/v1/wallet/info` is polled by the UI.
+_SKIP_LOG_EXACT: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {
+        "/favicon.ico",
+        "/icon.ico",
+        "/v1/wallet/info",
+        "/index.txt",
+        "/login/index.txt",
+        "/model/index.txt",
+        "/providers/index.txt",
+        "/settings/index.txt",
+        "/transactions/index.txt",
+        "/balances/index.txt",
+        "/logs/index.txt",
+        "/usage/index.txt",
+        "/unauthorized/index.txt",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _should_log(method: str, path: str) -> bool:
+    if method in _SKIP_LOG_METHODS:
+        return False
+    if path in _SKIP_LOG_EXACT:
+        return False
+    return not any(path.startswith(prefix) for prefix in _SKIP_LOG_PREFIXES)
+
+
 class LoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
-    """Middleware to log detailed request and response information."""
+    """Middleware to log proxy interactions and page navigation.
+
+    Skips logging for static assets and Next.js chunks to avoid noise.
+    """
 
     async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: Callable) -> Response:
         # Generate request ID
@@ -25,62 +71,20 @@ class LoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
         # Set request ID in context for logging
         token = request_id_context.set(request_id)
 
+        path = request.url.path
+        should_log = _should_log(request.method, path)
+
         # Start timing
         start_time = time.time()
 
-        # Log request details
-        request_body = None
-        if request.method in ["POST", "PUT", "PATCH"]:
-            try:
-                # Only read body for non-streaming requests
-                if hasattr(request, "_body"):
-                    request_body = await request.body()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-
-        # Extract request info
-        client_host = None
-        if request.client:
-            client_host = request.client.host
-
-        # Log incoming request
-        logger.info(
-            "Incoming request",
-            extra={
-                "request_id": request_id,
-                "method": request.method,
-                "path": request.url.path,
-                "query_params": dict(request.query_params),
-                "client_host": client_host,
-                "headers": {
-                    k: v
-                    for k, v in request.headers.items()
-                    if k.lower()
-                    not in [
-                        "authorization",
-                        "x-cashu",
-                        "cookie",
-                        "cf-connecting-ip",
-                        "cf-ipcountry",
-                        "x-forwarded-for",
-                        "x-real-ip",
-                    ]
-                },
-                "body_size": len(request_body) if request_body else 0,
-            },
-        )
-
-        # Log at TRACE level for full body (security filter will redact sensitive data)
-        if request_body and hasattr(logger, "exception"):
-            logger.exception(
-                "Request body",
+        if should_log:
+            logger.info(
+                "Incoming request",
                 extra={
                     "request_id": request_id,
                     "method": request.method,
-                    "path": request.url.path,
-                    "body": request_body.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")[
-                        :1000
-                    ],  # Limit size
+                    "path": path,
+                    "query_params": dict(request.query_params),
                 },
             )
 
@@ -88,39 +92,33 @@ class LoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
         try:
             response = await call_next(request)
 
-            # Calculate duration
-            duration = time.time() - start_time
-
-            # Log response
-            logger.info(
-                "Request completed",
-                extra={
-                    "request_id": request_id,
-                    "method": request.method,
-                    "path": request.url.path,
-                    "status_code": response.status_code,
-                    "duration_ms": round(duration * 1000, 2),
-                    "client_host": client_host,
-                },
-            )
+            if should_log:
+                duration = time.time() - start_time
+                logger.info(
+                    "Request completed",
+                    extra={
+                        "request_id": request_id,
+                        "method": request.method,
+                        "path": path,
+                        "status_code": response.status_code,
+                        "duration_ms": round(duration * 1000, 2),
+                    },
+                )
             if hasattr(response, "headers"):
                 response.headers["x-routstr-request-id"] = request_id
 
             return response
 
         except Exception as e:
-            # Calculate duration
+            # Always log failures, even for skipped paths, so we don't lose errors.
             duration = time.time() - start_time
-
-            # Log error
             logger.error(
                 "Request failed",
                 extra={
                     "request_id": request_id,
                     "method": request.method,
-                    "path": request.url.path,
+                    "path": path,
                     "duration_ms": round(duration * 1000, 2),
-                    "client_host": client_host,
                     "error": str(e),
                     "error_type": type(e).__name__,
                 },

routstr/core/settings.py

@@ -41,6 +41,15 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     primary_mint: str = Field(default="", env="PRIMARY_MINT_URL")
     primary_mint_unit: str = Field(default="sat", env="PRIMARY_MINT_UNIT")
 
+    # Lightning payout configuration
+    # Minimum available balance (in satoshis) before profit is paid out over
+    # Lightning
+    min_payout_sat: int = Field(default=210, gt=0, env="MIN_PAYOUT_SAT")
+    # Interval (seconds) between periodic payout attempts. Must be positive.
+    payout_interval_seconds: int = Field(
+        default=900, gt=0, env="PAYOUT_INTERVAL_SECONDS"
+    )
+
     # Pricing
     # Default behavior: derive pricing from MODELS
     # If fixed_pricing is True -> use fixed_cost_per_request and ignore tokens
@@ -52,7 +61,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     exchange_fee: float = Field(default=1.005, env="EXCHANGE_FEE")
     upstream_provider_fee: float = Field(default=1.05, env="UPSTREAM_PROVIDER_FEE")
     tolerance_percentage: float = Field(default=1.0, env="TOLERANCE_PERCENTAGE")
-    child_key_cost: int = Field(default=1000, env="CHILD_KEY_COST")
+    child_key_cost: int = Field(default=0, env="CHILD_KEY_COST")
     # Minimum per-request charge in millisatoshis when model pricing is free/zero
     min_request_msat: int = Field(default=1, env="MIN_REQUEST_MSAT")
     reset_reserved_balance_on_startup: bool = Field(
@@ -74,6 +83,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     enable_pricing_refresh: bool = Field(default=True, env="ENABLE_PRICING_REFRESH")
     enable_models_refresh: bool = Field(default=True, env="ENABLE_MODELS_REFRESH")
     refund_cache_ttl_seconds: int = Field(default=3600, env="REFUND_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS")
+    refund_sweep_ttl_seconds: int = Field(default=604800, env="REFUND_SWEEP_TTL_SECONDS")
 
     # Logging
     log_level: str = Field(default="INFO", env="LOG_LEVEL")
@@ -92,6 +102,20 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     # Discovery
     relays: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, env="RELAYS")
+    enable_analytics_sharing: bool = Field(
+        default=True, env="ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING"
+    )
+
+def _normalize_settings_data(data: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Discard unknown keys from persisted settings."""
+    normalized: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    known_fields = Settings.__fields__
+
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if key in known_fields:
+            normalized[key] = value
+
+    return normalized
 
 
 def _compute_primary_mint(cashu_mints: list[str]) -> str:
@@ -231,16 +255,21 @@ class SettingsService:
 
             db_id, db_data, _updated_at = row
             try:
-                db_json = (
+                db_json_raw = (
                     json.loads(db_data) if isinstance(db_data, str) else dict(db_data)
                 )
+                if not isinstance(db_json_raw, dict):
+                    db_json_raw = {}
             except Exception:
-                db_json = {}
+                db_json_raw = {}
+            db_json = _normalize_settings_data(db_json_raw)
 
+            valid_fields = set(env_resolved.dict().keys())
             merged_dict: dict[str, Any] = dict(env_resolved.dict())
             merged_dict.update(
-                {k: v for k, v in db_json.items() if v not in (None, "", [], {})}
+                {k: v for k, v in db_json.items() if v not in (None, "", [], {}) and k in valid_fields}
             )
+            merged_dict = Settings(**merged_dict).dict()
 
             # Ensure primary_mint is consistent with cashu_mints if not explicitly set
             if not merged_dict.get("primary_mint"):
@@ -248,7 +277,7 @@ class SettingsService:
                     merged_dict.get("cashu_mints", [])
                 )
 
-            if any(k not in db_json for k in merged_dict.keys()):
+            if db_json_raw != merged_dict:
                 await db_session.exec(  # type: ignore
                     text(
                         "UPDATE settings SET data = :data, updated_at = :updated_at WHERE id = 1"
@@ -271,7 +300,7 @@ class SettingsService:
     ) -> Settings:
         async with cls._lock:
             current = cls.get()
-            candidate_dict = {**current.dict(), **partial}
+            candidate_dict = {**current.dict(), **_normalize_settings_data(partial)}
             candidate = Settings(**candidate_dict)
             from sqlmodel import text
 
@@ -305,8 +334,10 @@ class SettingsService:
                 raise RuntimeError("Settings row missing")
             (data_str,) = row
             data = json.loads(data_str) if isinstance(data_str, str) else dict(data_str)
+            valid_fields = set(settings.dict().keys())
             # Update in-place
             for k, v in data.items():
-                setattr(settings, k, v)
+                if k in valid_fields:
+                    setattr(settings, k, v)
             cls._current = settings
             return settings

routstr/core/version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Application version resolution.
+
+Priority order:
+
+1. ``VERSION_SUFFIX`` env var (manual override; preserves prior behaviour).
+2. Bare base version when HEAD is on the matching release tag (detected via
+   ``GIT_TAG`` env or ``git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD``).
+3. ``GIT_COMMIT`` env var (build-time injection) -> ``<base>+g<sha>``.
+4. Local ``.git`` lookup (source checkouts) -> ``<base>+g<sha>``.
+5. Fallback: bare base version.
+
+The ``+g<sha>`` form is PEP 440 local-version syntax so the result remains a
+valid package version.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+from functools import lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path
+
+BASE_VERSION = "0.4.3"
+
+_REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+_GIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 2.0
+
+
+def _run_git(*args: str) -> str | None:
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(  # noqa: S603 - fixed argv, no shell
+            ["git", *args],
+            cwd=_REPO_ROOT,
+            check=False,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=_GIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+        )
+    except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError):
+        return None
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return None
+    return result.stdout.strip() or None
+
+
+def _git_short_sha() -> str | None:
+    sha = os.getenv("GIT_COMMIT", "").strip()
+    if sha:
+        return sha[:7]
+    return _run_git("rev-parse", "--short=7", "HEAD")
+
+
+def _on_tagged_release() -> bool:
+    tag = os.getenv("GIT_TAG", "").strip()
+    if tag:
+        return tag.lstrip("v") == BASE_VERSION
+    described = _run_git("describe", "--tags", "--exact-match", "HEAD")
+    if described and described.lstrip("v") == BASE_VERSION:
+        return True
+    current_branch = _run_git("rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD")
+    if current_branch == "main":
+        branch_tag = _run_git("describe", "--tags", "--abbrev=0", "HEAD")
+        if branch_tag and branch_tag.lstrip("v") == BASE_VERSION:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_version() -> str:
+    suffix = os.getenv("VERSION_SUFFIX")
+    if suffix is not None:
+        return f"{BASE_VERSION}-{suffix}"
+
+    if _on_tagged_release():
+        return BASE_VERSION
+
+    sha = _git_short_sha()
+    if not sha:
+        return BASE_VERSION
+
+    return f"{BASE_VERSION}+g{sha}"
+
+
+__version__ = get_version()
+
+__all__ = ["BASE_VERSION", "__version__", "get_version"]

routstr/nostr/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
+from .analytics import publish_usage_analytics
 from .discovery import providers_cache_refresher
 from .listing import announce_provider
 
-__all__ = ["providers_cache_refresher", "announce_provider"]
+__all__ = ["providers_cache_refresher", "announce_provider", "publish_usage_analytics"]

routstr/nostr/analytics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Nostr usage analytics publisher.
+Publishes a single replaceable analytics snapshot for each provider.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import hashlib
+import json
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from nostr.event import Event
+from nostr.key import PrivateKey
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..core.log_manager import log_manager
+from ..core.settings import settings
+from .listing import nsec_to_keypair, publish_to_relay
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+ANALYTICS_KIND = 38422
+ANALYTICS_SCHEMA = "routstr.analytics.snapshot.v1"
+DEFAULT_RELAYS = [
+    "wss://relay.nostr.band",
+    "wss://relay.damus.io",
+    "wss://relay.routstr.com",
+    "wss://nos.lol",
+]
+PUBLISH_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 15 * 60
+DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS = 60
+DASHBOARD_WINDOW_HOURS = 24
+DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_MINUTES = 60
+MODEL_LIMIT = 20
+WINDOW_DEFINITIONS: tuple[tuple[str, int, int], ...] = (
+    ("24h", 24, 60),
+    ("7d", 7 * 24, 6 * 60),
+    ("30d", 30 * 24, 24 * 60),
+    ("3m", 90 * 24, 24 * 60),
+    ("1y", 365 * 24, 7 * 24 * 60),
+)
+
+
+def _event_to_dict(ev: Event) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "id": ev.id,
+        "pubkey": ev.public_key,
+        "created_at": ev.created_at,
+        "kind": int(ev.kind) if not isinstance(ev.kind, int) else ev.kind,
+        "tags": ev.tags,
+        "content": ev.content,
+        "sig": ev.signature,
+    }
+
+
+def _resolve_provider_id(public_key_hex: str) -> str:
+    explicit_provider_id = (settings.provider_id or "").strip()
+    if explicit_provider_id:
+        return explicit_provider_id
+    return public_key_hex[:12]
+
+
+def _resolve_endpoint_urls() -> list[str]:
+    urls: list[str] = []
+    http_url = (settings.http_url or "").strip()
+    onion_url = (settings.onion_url or "").strip()
+
+    if http_url and http_url != "http://localhost:8000":
+        urls.append(http_url)
+
+    if onion_url:
+        if onion_url.endswith(".onion") and not (
+            onion_url.startswith("http://") or onion_url.startswith("https://")
+        ):
+            onion_url = f"http://{onion_url}"
+        urls.append(onion_url)
+
+    return urls
+
+
+def _resolve_relays() -> list[str]:
+    configured = [url.strip() for url in settings.relays if url.strip()]
+    return configured if configured else list(DEFAULT_RELAYS)
+
+
+def _to_int(value: Any) -> int:
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return int(value)
+    if isinstance(value, int):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, float):
+        return int(value)
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return int(float(value))
+        except ValueError:
+            return 0
+    return 0
+
+
+def _to_float(value: Any) -> float:
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return float(int(value))
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return float(value)
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return float(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            return 0.0
+    return 0.0
+
+
+def _aggregate_top_model_usage(
+    model_usage_mix: dict[str, Any],
+) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]:
+    top_models_raw = model_usage_mix.get("top_models", [])
+    mix_metrics_raw = model_usage_mix.get("metrics", [])
+
+    top_models = [model for model in top_models_raw if isinstance(model, str)]
+    metrics = [row for row in mix_metrics_raw if isinstance(row, dict)]
+
+    model_totals: dict[str, dict[str, float | int]] = {
+        model: {
+            "successful_requests": 0,
+            "revenue_msats": 0.0,
+            "total_tokens": 0,
+        }
+        for model in top_models
+    }
+    others = {
+        "successful_requests": 0,
+        "revenue_msats": 0.0,
+        "total_tokens": 0,
+    }
+
+    for metric in metrics:
+        model_counts = metric.get("model_counts", {})
+        model_revenue = metric.get("model_revenue_msats", {})
+        model_tokens = metric.get("model_tokens", {})
+
+        if isinstance(model_counts, dict):
+            for model, count in model_counts.items():
+                if model in model_totals:
+                    model_totals[model]["successful_requests"] += _to_int(count)
+
+        if isinstance(model_revenue, dict):
+            for model, amount in model_revenue.items():
+                if model in model_totals:
+                    model_totals[model]["revenue_msats"] += _to_float(amount)
+
+        if isinstance(model_tokens, dict):
+            for model, token_count in model_tokens.items():
+                if model in model_totals:
+                    model_totals[model]["total_tokens"] += _to_int(token_count)
+
+        others["successful_requests"] += _to_int(metric.get("others", 0))
+        others["revenue_msats"] += _to_float(metric.get("others_revenue_msats", 0.0))
+        others["total_tokens"] += _to_int(metric.get("others_tokens", 0))
+
+    model_rows = [
+        {
+            "model": model,
+            "successful_requests": int(values["successful_requests"]),
+            "revenue_msats": float(values["revenue_msats"]),
+            "total_tokens": int(values["total_tokens"]),
+        }
+        for model, values in model_totals.items()
+    ]
+    model_rows.sort(
+        key=lambda row: _to_int(row.get("successful_requests", 0)),
+        reverse=True,
+    )
+
+    return model_rows, others
+
+
+def _build_summary_payload(summary: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "total_requests": _to_int(summary.get("total_requests", 0)),
+        "successful_chat_completions": _to_int(
+            summary.get("successful_chat_completions", 0)
+        ),
+        "failed_requests": _to_int(summary.get("failed_requests", 0)),
+        "success_rate": _to_float(summary.get("success_rate", 0.0)),
+        "unique_models_count": _to_int(summary.get("unique_models_count", 0)),
+        "input_tokens": _to_int(summary.get("input_tokens", 0)),
+        "output_tokens": _to_int(summary.get("output_tokens", 0)),
+        "total_tokens": _to_int(summary.get("total_tokens", 0)),
+        "revenue_msats": _to_float(summary.get("revenue_msats", 0.0)),
+        "refunds_msats": _to_float(summary.get("refunds_msats", 0.0)),
+        "net_revenue_msats": _to_float(summary.get("net_revenue_msats", 0.0)),
+        "revenue_sats": _to_float(summary.get("revenue_sats", 0.0)),
+        "refunds_sats": _to_float(summary.get("refunds_sats", 0.0)),
+        "net_revenue_sats": _to_float(summary.get("net_revenue_sats", 0.0)),
+    }
+
+
+def _build_window_payload(
+    *,
+    hours: int,
+    interval_minutes: int,
+    model_limit: int,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    dashboard = log_manager.get_usage_dashboard(
+        interval=interval_minutes,
+        hours=hours,
+        error_limit=1,
+        model_limit=model_limit,
+    )
+
+    summary = dashboard.get("summary", {})
+    model_usage_mix = dashboard.get("model_usage_mix", {})
+
+    summary_payload = _build_summary_payload(summary if isinstance(summary, dict) else {})
+    usage_mix_payload = model_usage_mix if isinstance(model_usage_mix, dict) else {}
+    top_model_usage, others_usage = _aggregate_top_model_usage(usage_mix_payload)
+
+    return {
+        "window_hours": hours,
+        "interval_minutes": interval_minutes,
+        "summary": summary_payload,
+        "model_usage_mix": usage_mix_payload,
+        "top_model_usage": top_model_usage,
+        "others_usage": others_usage,
+    }
+
+
+def build_stats_snapshot_payload(
+    provider_id: str,
+    *,
+    public_key_hex: str,
+    generated_at: int,
+    window_hours: int = DASHBOARD_WINDOW_HOURS,
+    interval_minutes: int = DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_MINUTES,
+    model_limit: int = MODEL_LIMIT,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _ = (window_hours, interval_minutes)
+    windows: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    for key, hours, window_interval_minutes in WINDOW_DEFINITIONS:
+        windows[key] = _build_window_payload(
+            hours=hours,
+            interval_minutes=window_interval_minutes,
+            model_limit=model_limit,
+        )
+
+    primary_window = windows.get("24h", {})
+    summary_payload = (
+        primary_window.get("summary", {})
+        if isinstance(primary_window.get("summary", {}), dict)
+        else {}
+    )
+    usage_mix_payload = (
+        primary_window.get("model_usage_mix", {})
+        if isinstance(primary_window.get("model_usage_mix", {}), dict)
+        else {}
+    )
+    top_model_usage = (
+        primary_window.get("top_model_usage", [])
+        if isinstance(primary_window.get("top_model_usage", []), list)
+        else []
+    )
+    others_usage = (
+        primary_window.get("others_usage", {})
+        if isinstance(primary_window.get("others_usage", {}), dict)
+        else {}
+    )
+
+    return {
+        "schema": ANALYTICS_SCHEMA,
+        "generated_at": generated_at,
+        "provider_id": provider_id,
+        "pubkey": public_key_hex,
+        "npub": settings.npub or "",
+        "endpoint_urls": _resolve_endpoint_urls(),
+        "window_hours": DASHBOARD_WINDOW_HOURS,
+        "interval_minutes": DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_MINUTES,
+        "summary": summary_payload,
+        "model_usage_mix": usage_mix_payload,
+        "top_model_usage": top_model_usage,
+        "others_usage": others_usage,
+        "windows": windows,
+    }
+
+
+def create_stats_snapshot_event(
+    private_key_hex: str,
+    provider_id: str,
+    payload_json: str,
+    *,
+    d_tag: str,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    private_key = PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(private_key_hex))
+    tags = [
+        ["d", d_tag],
+        ["provider", provider_id],
+        ["schema", ANALYTICS_SCHEMA],
+    ]
+
+    event = Event(
+        public_key=private_key.public_key.hex(),
+        content=payload_json,
+        kind=ANALYTICS_KIND,
+        tags=tags,
+    )
+    private_key.sign_event(event)
+    return _event_to_dict(event)
+
+
+def _fingerprint_payload(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    normalized = dict(payload)
+    # Ignore generated timestamp for semantic dedupe.
+    normalized.pop("generated_at", None)
+    payload_json = json.dumps(normalized, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True)
+    return hashlib.sha256(payload_json.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+
+
+async def publish_usage_analytics() -> None:
+    last_payload_hash: str | None = None
+
+    parsed_nsec: str | None = None
+    private_key_hex: str | None = None
+    public_key_hex: str | None = None
+    provider_id: str | None = None
+    warned_missing_nsec = False
+
+    logger.info("Usage analytics sharing task started")
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            if not settings.enable_analytics_sharing:
+                await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)
+                continue
+
+            nsec = (settings.nsec or "").strip()
+            if not nsec:
+                if not warned_missing_nsec:
+                    logger.info("NSEC is not configured; skipping analytics sharing to Nostr")
+                    warned_missing_nsec = True
+                await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)
+                continue
+
+            warned_missing_nsec = False
+            if nsec != parsed_nsec or private_key_hex is None or public_key_hex is None:
+                keypair = nsec_to_keypair(nsec)
+                if not keypair:
+                    logger.error("Invalid NSEC; analytics sharing is paused")
+                    await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)
+                    continue
+                private_key_hex, public_key_hex = keypair
+                parsed_nsec = nsec
+                provider_id = _resolve_provider_id(public_key_hex)
+                last_payload_hash = None
+
+            if private_key_hex is None or public_key_hex is None:
+                await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)
+                continue
+
+            relay_urls = _resolve_relays()
+            if not relay_urls:
+                logger.warning("No Nostr relays configured; analytics sharing skipped")
+                await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)
+                continue
+
+            resolved_provider_id = provider_id or _resolve_provider_id(public_key_hex)
+            now_ts = int(time.time())
+            payload = build_stats_snapshot_payload(
+                resolved_provider_id,
+                public_key_hex=public_key_hex,
+                generated_at=now_ts,
+            )
+
+            payload_hash = _fingerprint_payload(payload)
+            if last_payload_hash == payload_hash:
+                await asyncio.sleep(PUBLISH_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+                continue
+
+            payload_json = json.dumps(payload, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True)
+            d_tag = f"{resolved_provider_id}:stats"
+            event = create_stats_snapshot_event(
+                private_key_hex,
+                resolved_provider_id,
+                payload_json,
+                d_tag=d_tag,
+            )
+
+            success_count = 0
+            for relay_url in relay_urls:
+                if await publish_to_relay(relay_url, event):
+                    success_count += 1
+
+            if success_count > 0:
+                last_payload_hash = payload_hash
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Published analytics snapshot (success=%s/%s provider=%s)",
+                success_count,
+                len(relay_urls),
+                resolved_provider_id,
+                extra={
+                    "relay_success_count": success_count,
+                    "relay_total": len(relay_urls),
+                    "provider_id": resolved_provider_id,
+                },
+            )
+            await asyncio.sleep(PUBLISH_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            logger.info("Usage analytics sharing task cancelled")
+            break
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                "Usage analytics sharing error",
+                extra={"error": str(e), "error_type": type(e).__name__},
+            )
+            await asyncio.sleep(DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS)

routstr/nostr/listing.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
 def get_app_version() -> str | None:
     try:
-        from ..core.main import __version__ as imported_version
+        from ..core.version import __version__ as imported_version
 
         return imported_version
     except Exception:

routstr/payment/cost_calculation.py

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ class CostData(BaseModel):
     output_msats: int
     total_msats: int
     total_usd: float = 0.0
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
+    cache_read_input_tokens: int = 0
+    cache_creation_input_tokens: int = 0
+    cache_read_msats: int = 0
+    cache_creation_msats: int = 0
 
 
 class MaxCostData(CostData):
@@ -27,11 +33,10 @@ class CostDataError(BaseModel):
     code: str
 
 
-async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
+async def calculate_cost(
     response_data: dict, max_cost: int, session: AsyncSession
 ) -> CostData | MaxCostData | CostDataError:
-    """
-    Calculate the cost of an API request based on token usage.
+    """Calculate the cost of an API request based on token usage.
 
     Args:
         response_data: Response data containing usage information
@@ -49,12 +54,20 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
         },
     )
 
+    # Check for usage data
     if "usage" not in response_data or response_data["usage"] is None:
         logger.warning(
-            "No usage data in response, using base cost only",
+            "No usage data in response — billing at MaxCostData with zero "
+            "tokens. Dashboard will show this request as `(0+0)`. Most "
+            "common cause: upstream stream did not include a final usage "
+            "chunk (OpenAI-compat backends require "
+            "`stream_options.include_usage=true`).",
             extra={
                 "max_cost_msats": max_cost,
                 "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
+                "response_keys": sorted(response_data.keys())
+                if isinstance(response_data, dict)
+                else None,
             },
         )
         return MaxCostData(
@@ -63,47 +76,60 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
             output_msats=0,
             total_msats=0,
             total_usd=0.0,
+            input_tokens=0,
+            output_tokens=0,
+            cache_read_input_tokens=0,
+            cache_creation_input_tokens=0,
+            cache_read_msats=0,
+            cache_creation_msats=0,
         )
 
     usage_data = response_data["usage"]
 
-    usd_cost = 0.0
+    # Extract token counts
+    input_tokens = _extract_token_pair(usage_data, "prompt_tokens", "input_tokens")
+    output_tokens = _extract_token_pair(usage_data, "completion_tokens", "output_tokens")
 
-    # Prioritize cost_details.upstream_inference_cost
-    if "cost_details" in usage_data:
-        usd_cost = float(
-            usage_data["cost_details"].get("upstream_inference_cost", 0) or 0
-        )
-
-    # Fallback to cost field if upstream_inference_cost is 0
-    if usd_cost == 0 and "cost" in usage_data:
-        try:
-            usd_cost = float(usage_data.get("cost", 0) or 0)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+    # Extract cache tokens (handles OpenAI vs Anthropic formats)
+    cache_read_tokens, cache_creation_tokens, input_tokens = _extract_cache_tokens(
+        usage_data, input_tokens
+    )
 
+    # Try USD cost first
+    usd_cost = _resolve_usd_cost(usage_data, response_data)
     if usd_cost > 0:
-        try:
-            sats_per_usd = 1.0 / sats_usd_price()
-            cost_in_sats = usd_cost * sats_per_usd
-            cost_in_msats = math.ceil(cost_in_sats * 1000)
-
-            logger.info(
-                "Using cost from usage data/details",
+        if input_tokens == 0 and output_tokens == 0:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Upstream reported a USD cost but no token counts — "
+                "billing the USD-derived cost while the dashboard will "
+                "show this request as `(0+0)` tokens. Check that the "
+                "upstream actually emits `usage.input_tokens` and "
+                "`usage.output_tokens` (OpenAI-compat streams require "
+                "`stream_options.include_usage=true`).",
                 extra={
-                    "usd_cost": usd_cost,
-                    "cost_in_sats": cost_in_sats,
-                    "cost_in_msats": cost_in_msats,
                     "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
+                    "usd_cost": usd_cost,
+                    "usage_keys": sorted(usage_data.keys())
+                    if isinstance(usage_data, dict)
+                    else None,
                 },
             )
-
-            return CostData(
-                base_msats=-1,
-                input_msats=-1,  # Cost field doesn't break down by token type
-                output_msats=-1,
-                total_msats=cost_in_msats,
-                total_usd=usd_cost,
+        try:
+            input_usd = _coerce_usd(
+                usage_data.get("cost_details", {}).get("input_cost", 0)
+            )
+            output_usd = _coerce_usd(
+                usage_data.get("cost_details", {}).get("output_cost", 0)
+            )
+            return _calculate_from_usd_cost(
+                usd_cost,
+                input_usd,
+                output_usd,
+                input_tokens,
+                cache_read_tokens,
+                cache_creation_tokens,
+                output_tokens,
+                response_data,
             )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(
@@ -114,69 +140,35 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
                     "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
                 },
             )
-            # Fall through to token-based calculation
 
-    MSATS_PER_1K_INPUT_TOKENS: float = (
-        float(settings.fixed_per_1k_input_tokens) * 1000.0
-    )
-    MSATS_PER_1K_OUTPUT_TOKENS: float = (
-        float(settings.fixed_per_1k_output_tokens) * 1000.0
-    )
+    # Fall back to token-based pricing
+    try:
+        pricing_rates = _get_pricing_rates(response_data)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        return CostDataError(message=str(e), code="pricing_error")
 
-    if not settings.fixed_pricing:
-        response_model = response_data.get("model", "")
-        logger.debug(
-            "Using model-based pricing",
-            extra={"model": response_model},
-        )
+    if pricing_rates is None:
+        input_rate = float(settings.fixed_per_1k_input_tokens) * 1000.0
+        output_rate = float(settings.fixed_per_1k_output_tokens) * 1000.0
+        cache_read_rate = input_rate
+        cache_creation_rate = input_rate
+    else:
+        input_rate, output_rate, cache_read_rate, cache_creation_rate = pricing_rates
 
-        from ..proxy import get_model_instance
-
-        model_obj = get_model_instance(response_model)
-
-        if not model_obj:
-            logger.error(
-                "Invalid model in response",
-                extra={"response_model": response_model},
-            )
-            return CostDataError(
-                message=f"Invalid model in response: {response_model}",
-                code="model_not_found",
-            )
-
-        if not model_obj.sats_pricing:
-            logger.error(
-                "Model pricing not defined",
-                extra={"model": response_model, "model_id": response_model},
-            )
-            return CostDataError(
-                message="Model pricing not defined", code="pricing_not_found"
-            )
-
-        try:
-            mspp = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.prompt)
-            mspc = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.completion)
-        except Exception:
-            return CostDataError(message="Invalid pricing data", code="pricing_invalid")
-
-        MSATS_PER_1K_INPUT_TOKENS = mspp * 1_000_000.0
-        MSATS_PER_1K_OUTPUT_TOKENS = mspc * 1_000_000.0
-
-        logger.info(
-            "Applied model-specific pricing",
-            extra={
-                "model": response_model,
-                "input_price_msats_per_1k": MSATS_PER_1K_INPUT_TOKENS,
-                "output_price_msats_per_1k": MSATS_PER_1K_OUTPUT_TOKENS,
-            },
-        )
-
-    if not (MSATS_PER_1K_OUTPUT_TOKENS and MSATS_PER_1K_INPUT_TOKENS):
+    if not (input_rate and output_rate):
         logger.warning(
-            "No token pricing configured, using base cost",
+            "No token pricing configured — billing at flat MaxCostData. "
+            "Token counts %s in the upstream response but cannot be "
+            "priced; the request will appear in dashboards with the "
+            "raw counts and a fixed max-cost charge.",
+            "are present"
+            if (input_tokens > 0 or output_tokens > 0)
+            else "are zero",
             extra={
                 "base_cost_msats": max_cost,
                 "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
+                "input_tokens": input_tokens,
+                "output_tokens": output_tokens,
             },
         )
         return MaxCostData(
@@ -184,35 +176,245 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
             input_msats=0,
             output_msats=0,
             total_msats=max_cost,
+            input_tokens=input_tokens,
+            output_tokens=output_tokens,
+            cache_read_input_tokens=cache_read_tokens,
+            cache_creation_input_tokens=cache_creation_tokens,
+            cache_read_msats=0,
+            cache_creation_msats=0,
         )
 
-    input_tokens = usage_data.get("prompt_tokens", 0)
-    output_tokens = usage_data.get("completion_tokens", 0)
-
-    # added for response api
-    input_tokens = (
-        input_tokens if input_tokens != 0 else usage_data.get("input_tokens", 0)
-    )
-    output_tokens = (
-        output_tokens if output_tokens != 0 else usage_data.get("output_tokens", 0)
+    return _calculate_from_tokens(
+        input_tokens,
+        output_tokens,
+        cache_read_tokens,
+        cache_creation_tokens,
+        input_rate,
+        output_rate,
+        cache_read_rate,
+        cache_creation_rate,
+        response_data,
     )
 
-    # added for response api
-    input_tokens = (
-        input_tokens
-        if input_tokens != 0
-        else response_data.get("usage", {}).get("input_tokens", 0)
-    )
-    output_tokens = (
-        output_tokens
-        if output_tokens != 0
-        else response_data.get("usage", {}).get("output_tokens", 0)
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Helper Functions (ordered by call sequence in calculate_cost)
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def parse_token_count(value: object) -> int:
+    """Parse a token count from various formats (int, float, str, bool)."""
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return 0
+    if isinstance(value, int):
+        return max(0, value)
+    if isinstance(value, float):
+        return max(0, int(value))
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return max(0, int(float(value)))
+        except ValueError:
+            return 0
+    return 0
+
+
+def _coerce_usd(value: object) -> float:
+    """Coerce a value to USD float, handling various formats safely."""
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
+        return 0.0
+    if not isinstance(value, (int, float, str)):
+        return 0.0
+    try:
+        return max(0.0, float(value))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return 0.0
+
+
+def _extract_token_pair(
+    usage_data: dict, standard_field: str, alt_field: str
+) -> int:
+    """Extract token count trying two field names in order."""
+    value = parse_token_count(usage_data.get(standard_field, 0))
+    if value > 0:
+        return value
+    return parse_token_count(usage_data.get(alt_field, 0))
+
+
+def _extract_cache_tokens(usage_data: dict, input_tokens: int) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """Extract cache tokens, handling OpenAI vs Anthropic formats.
+
+    Returns: (cache_read_tokens, cache_creation_tokens, adjusted_input_tokens)
+    """
+    cache_read = parse_token_count(usage_data.get("cache_read_input_tokens", 0))
+    cache_creation = parse_token_count(
+        usage_data.get("cache_creation_input_tokens", 0)
     )
 
-    input_msats = round(input_tokens / 1000 * MSATS_PER_1K_INPUT_TOKENS, 3)
+    # OpenAI: cache is included in input_tokens, subtract it
+    prompt_details = usage_data.get("prompt_tokens_details")
+    if isinstance(prompt_details, dict) and not cache_read:
+        openai_cached = parse_token_count(prompt_details.get("cached_tokens", 0))
+        if openai_cached:
+            cache_read = openai_cached
+            input_tokens = max(0, input_tokens - cache_read)
 
-    output_msats = round(output_tokens / 1000 * MSATS_PER_1K_OUTPUT_TOKENS, 3)
-    token_based_cost = math.ceil(input_msats + output_msats)
+    return cache_read, cache_creation, input_tokens
+
+
+def _resolve_usd_cost(usage_data: dict, response_data: dict) -> float:
+    """Resolve USD cost with clear priority order.
+
+    Priority: cost_details.total_cost → total_cost → cost (in both usage and response).
+    """
+    cost_details = usage_data.get("cost_details")
+    if isinstance(cost_details, dict):
+        cost = _coerce_usd(cost_details.get("total_cost"))
+        if cost > 0:
+            return cost
+
+    for source in [usage_data, response_data]:
+        if not isinstance(source, dict):
+            continue
+        for field in ("total_cost", "cost"):
+            cost = _coerce_usd(source.get(field))
+            if cost > 0:
+                return cost
+
+    return 0.0
+
+
+def _get_pricing_rates(
+    response_data: dict,
+) -> tuple[float, float, float, float] | None:
+    """Get model-based pricing rates or None if using fixed pricing.
+
+    Returns: (input_rate, output_rate, cache_read_rate, cache_write_rate)
+    """
+    if settings.fixed_pricing:
+        return None
+
+    from ..proxy import get_model_instance
+
+    response_model = response_data.get("model", "")
+    model_obj = get_model_instance(response_model)
+
+    if not model_obj:
+        logger.error("Invalid model in response", extra={"response_model": response_model})
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid model: {response_model}")
+
+    if not model_obj.sats_pricing:
+        logger.error(
+            "Model pricing not defined",
+            extra={"model": response_model, "model_id": response_model},
+        )
+        raise ValueError("Model pricing not defined")
+
+    try:
+        mspp = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.prompt)
+        mspc = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.completion)
+        mscr = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.input_cache_read or 0)
+        mscw = float(model_obj.sats_pricing.input_cache_write or 0)
+
+        mspp_1k = mspp * 1_000_000.0
+        mspc_1k = mspc * 1_000_000.0
+        mscr_1k = mscr * 1_000_000.0 if mscr > 0 else mspp_1k
+        mscw_1k = mscw * 1_000_000.0 if mscw > 0 else mspp_1k
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Applied model-specific pricing",
+            extra={
+                "model": response_model,
+                "input_price_msats_per_1k": mspp_1k,
+                "output_price_msats_per_1k": mspc_1k,
+                "cache_read_price_msats_per_1k": mscr_1k,
+                "cache_write_price_msats_per_1k": mscw_1k,
+            },
+        )
+        return mspp_1k, mspc_1k, mscr_1k, mscw_1k
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error("Invalid pricing data", extra={"error": str(e)})
+        raise ValueError("Invalid pricing data") from e
+
+
+def _calculate_from_usd_cost(
+    usd_cost: float,
+    input_usd: float,
+    output_usd: float,
+    input_tokens: int,
+    cache_read_tokens: int,
+    cache_creation_tokens: int,
+    output_tokens: int,
+    response_data: dict,
+) -> CostData:
+    """Calculate cost from USD figures, deriving input/output split from tokens."""
+    sats_per_usd = 1.0 / sats_usd_price()
+    cost_in_sats = usd_cost * sats_per_usd
+    cost_in_msats = math.ceil(cost_in_sats * 1000)
+
+    if input_usd > 0 or output_usd > 0:
+        input_msats = int((input_usd * sats_per_usd) * 1000)
+        output_msats = int((output_usd * sats_per_usd) * 1000)
+    else:
+        effective_input_tokens = (
+            input_tokens + cache_read_tokens + cache_creation_tokens
+        )
+        total_tokens = effective_input_tokens + output_tokens
+        input_msats = (
+            int(cost_in_msats * effective_input_tokens / total_tokens)
+            if total_tokens > 0
+            else 0
+        )
+        output_msats = cost_in_msats - input_msats
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Using cost from usage data/details",
+        extra={
+            "usd_cost": usd_cost,
+            "cost_in_sats": cost_in_sats,
+            "cost_in_msats": cost_in_msats,
+            "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
+        },
+    )
+
+    return CostData(
+        base_msats=0,
+        input_msats=input_msats,
+        output_msats=output_msats,
+        total_msats=cost_in_msats,
+        total_usd=usd_cost,
+        input_tokens=input_tokens,
+        output_tokens=output_tokens,
+        cache_read_input_tokens=cache_read_tokens,
+        cache_creation_input_tokens=cache_creation_tokens,
+        cache_read_msats=0,
+        cache_creation_msats=0,
+    )
+
+
+def _calculate_from_tokens(
+    input_tokens: int,
+    output_tokens: int,
+    cache_read_tokens: int,
+    cache_creation_tokens: int,
+    input_rate: float,
+    output_rate: float,
+    cache_read_rate: float,
+    cache_creation_rate: float,
+    response_data: dict,
+) -> CostData:
+    """Calculate cost from token counts using pricing rates."""
+    calc_input_msats = round(input_tokens / 1000 * input_rate, 3)
+    calc_output_msats = round(output_tokens / 1000 * output_rate, 3)
+    calc_cache_read_msats = round(cache_read_tokens / 1000 * cache_read_rate, 3)
+    calc_cache_write_msats = round(
+        cache_creation_tokens / 1000 * cache_creation_rate, 3
+    )
+    token_based_cost = math.ceil(
+        calc_input_msats
+        + calc_output_msats
+        + calc_cache_read_msats
+        + calc_cache_write_msats
+    )
     total_usd = (token_based_cost / 1000.0) * sats_usd_price()
 
     logger.info(
@@ -220,8 +422,12 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
         extra={
             "input_tokens": input_tokens,
             "output_tokens": output_tokens,
-            "input_cost_msats": input_msats,
-            "output_cost_msats": output_msats,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": cache_read_tokens,
+            "cache_creation_input_tokens": cache_creation_tokens,
+            "input_cost_msats": calc_input_msats,
+            "output_cost_msats": calc_output_msats,
+            "cache_read_cost_msats": calc_cache_read_msats,
+            "cache_creation_cost_msats": calc_cache_write_msats,
             "total_cost_msats": token_based_cost,
             "total_usd": total_usd,
             "model": response_data.get("model", "unknown"),
@@ -230,8 +436,14 @@ async def calculate_cost(  # todo: can be sync
 
     return CostData(
         base_msats=0,
-        input_msats=int(input_msats),
-        output_msats=int(output_msats),
+        input_msats=int(calc_input_msats),
+        output_msats=int(calc_output_msats),
         total_msats=token_based_cost,
         total_usd=total_usd,
+        input_tokens=input_tokens,
+        output_tokens=output_tokens,
+        cache_read_input_tokens=cache_read_tokens,
+        cache_creation_input_tokens=cache_creation_tokens,
+        cache_read_msats=int(calc_cache_read_msats),
+        cache_creation_msats=int(calc_cache_write_msats),
     )

routstr/payment/helpers.py

@@ -29,15 +29,13 @@ def check_token_balance(headers: dict, body: dict, max_cost_for_model: int) -> N
             },
         )
     elif auth := headers.get("authorization", None):
-        cashu_token = auth.split(" ")[1] if len(auth.split(" ")) > 1 else ""
         logger.debug(
-            "Using Authorization header token",
+            "Skipping preflight token balance check for Authorization header",
             extra={
-                "token_preview": cashu_token[:20] + "..."
-                if len(cashu_token) > 20
-                else cashu_token
+                "auth_preview": auth[:20] + "..." if len(auth) > 20 else auth,
             },
         )
+        return
     else:
         logger.error("No authentication token provided")
         raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Unauthorized")
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ def check_token_balance(headers: dict, body: dict, max_cost_for_model: int) -> N
 
     if max_cost_for_model > amount_msat:
         raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=413,
+            status_code=402,
             detail={
                 "reason": "Insufficient balance",
                 "amount_required_msat": max_cost_for_model,
@@ -169,9 +167,32 @@ async def calculate_discounted_max_cost(
 
     tol = settings.tolerance_percentage
     tol_factor = max(0.0, 1 - float(tol) / 100.0)
+
     max_prompt_allowed_sats = model_pricing.max_prompt_cost * tol_factor
     max_completion_allowed_sats = model_pricing.max_completion_cost * tol_factor
 
+    if model_obj:
+        prompt_token_limit: int | None = None
+        if model_obj.top_provider and (
+            model_obj.top_provider.context_length
+            or model_obj.top_provider.max_completion_tokens
+        ):
+            cl = model_obj.top_provider.context_length
+            mct = model_obj.top_provider.max_completion_tokens
+            if cl and mct:
+                prompt_token_limit = max(0, cl - mct)
+            elif cl:
+                prompt_token_limit = cl
+            elif mct:
+                prompt_token_limit = 0
+        elif model_obj.context_length:
+            prompt_token_limit = model_obj.context_length
+
+        if prompt_token_limit is not None:
+            max_prompt_allowed_sats = (
+                prompt_token_limit * model_pricing.prompt * tol_factor
+            )
+
     adjusted = max_cost_for_model
 
     if messages := body.get("messages"):

routstr/payment/models.py

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ import random
 
 import httpx
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+from pydantic import BaseModel as V2BaseModel
 from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel
 from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
 
-from ..core.db import ModelRow, get_session
+from ..core.db import ModelRow, UpstreamProviderRow, get_session
 from ..core.logging import get_logger
 from ..core.settings import settings
 from .price import sats_usd_price
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
     upstream_provider_id: int | str | None = None
     canonical_slug: str | None = None
     alias_ids: list[str] | None = None
+    forwarded_model_id: str | None = None
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.id)
@@ -177,6 +179,7 @@ def _row_to_model(
         upstream_provider_id=row.upstream_provider_id,
         canonical_slug=getattr(row, "canonical_slug", None),
         alias_ids=json.loads(row.alias_ids) if row.alias_ids else None,
+        forwarded_model_id=getattr(row, "forwarded_model_id", None) or row.id,
     )
 
     if apply_provider_fee:
@@ -329,6 +332,7 @@ def _update_model_sats_pricing(model: Model, sats_to_usd: float) -> Model:
             upstream_provider_id=model.upstream_provider_id,
             canonical_slug=model.canonical_slug,
             alias_ids=model.alias_ids,
+            forwarded_model_id=model.forwarded_model_id,
         )
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(
@@ -347,6 +351,9 @@ async def _update_sats_pricing_once() -> None:
     from ..proxy import get_upstreams, refresh_model_maps
 
     upstreams = get_upstreams()
+    if not upstreams:
+        return
+
     sats_to_usd = sats_usd_price()
 
     updated_count = 0
@@ -356,11 +363,14 @@ async def _update_sats_pricing_once() -> None:
             for m in upstream.get_cached_models()
         ]
         upstream._models_cache = updated_models
-        upstream._models_by_id = {m.id: m for m in updated_models}
+        upstream._models_by_id = {m.forwarded_model_id or m.id: m for m in updated_models}
         updated_count += len(updated_models)
 
     if updated_count > 0:
-        logger.info("Updated sats pricing", extra={"models_updated": updated_count})
+        logger.info(
+            f"Updated sats pricing for {updated_count} models",
+            extra={"models_updated": updated_count},
+        )
         await refresh_model_maps()
 
 
@@ -402,11 +412,89 @@ async def update_sats_pricing() -> None:
             logger.error(f"Error updating sats pricing: {e}")
 
 
+class ModelTestRequest(V2BaseModel):
+    model_id: str
+    endpoint_type: str
+    request_data: dict
+
+
+@models_router.post("/api/models/test")
+async def test_model(
+    payload: ModelTestRequest,
+    session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session),
+) -> dict:
+    """Test a model by sending a request through its configured upstream provider."""
+    from sqlmodel import select
+
+    result = await session.execute(
+        select(ModelRow).where(ModelRow.id == payload.model_id)
+    )
+    model_row = result.scalars().first()
+
+    if not model_row:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "error": f"Model '{payload.model_id}' not found in database",
+            "status_code": 404,
+        }
+
+    provider = await session.get(UpstreamProviderRow, model_row.upstream_provider_id)
+    if not provider:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "error": "Upstream provider not found",
+            "status_code": 404,
+        }
+
+    base_url = provider.base_url.rstrip("/")
+    if payload.endpoint_type == "chat-completions":
+        url = f"{base_url}/chat/completions"
+    else:
+        url = f"{base_url}/{payload.endpoint_type}"
+
+    actual_model_id = model_row.forwarded_model_id or model_row.id
+    request_data = dict(payload.request_data)
+    request_data["model"] = actual_model_id
+
+    headers = {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        "Authorization": f"Bearer {provider.api_key}",
+    }
+
+    try:
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30.0) as client:
+            response = await client.post(url, json=request_data, headers=headers)
+            try:
+                response_data = response.json()
+            except Exception:
+                response_data = {"raw": response.text}
+
+            return {
+                "success": response.status_code < 400,
+                "data": response_data,
+                "status_code": response.status_code,
+            }
+    except Exception as e:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "error": str(e),
+            "status_code": 500,
+        }
+
+
 @models_router.get("/v1/models")
-@models_router.get("/models", include_in_schema=False)
+@models_router.get("/v1/models/", include_in_schema=False)
+@models_router.get("/models")
+@models_router.get("/models/", include_in_schema=False)
 async def models(session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session)) -> dict:
     """Get all available models from all providers with database overrides applied."""
     from ..proxy import get_unique_models
 
     items = get_unique_models()
-    return {"data": items}
+    data = []
+    for model in items:
+        m = model.dict()
+        if model.forwarded_model_id:
+            m["id"] = model.forwarded_model_id
+        data.append(m)
+    return {"data": data}

routstr/proxy.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import json
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request
-from fastapi.responses import Response, StreamingResponse
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response, StreamingResponse
 from sqlmodel import select
 
 from .algorithm import create_model_mappings
@@ -69,7 +70,25 @@ def get_upstreams() -> list[BaseUpstreamProvider]:
 
 def get_model_instance(model_id: str) -> Model | None:
     """Get Model instance by ID from global cache."""
-    return _model_instances.get(model_id.lower())
+    if not model_id:
+        return None
+
+    model_id_lower = model_id.lower()
+    # Try exact match first
+    if model := _model_instances.get(model_id_lower):
+        return model
+
+    # Try stripping common version suffixes (e.g., -20251222)
+    # This handles cases where upstream returns a specific version
+    # but we only track the base model name.
+    import re
+
+    base_model_id = re.sub(r"-\d{8}$", "", model_id_lower)
+    if base_model_id != model_id_lower:
+        if model := _model_instances.get(base_model_id):
+            return model
+
+    return None
 
 
 def get_provider_for_model(model_id: str) -> list[BaseUpstreamProvider] | None:
@@ -132,16 +151,52 @@ async def refresh_model_maps_periodically() -> None:
             )
 
 
+_API_PATH_PREFIXES = ("v1/", "responses")
+
+_NOT_FOUND_HTML_FILE = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "ui_out" / "404.html"
+
+
+def _read_not_found_html() -> str | None:
+    try:
+        return _NOT_FOUND_HTML_FILE.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+
+_NOT_FOUND_HTML: str | None = _read_not_found_html()
+
+
+def _build_not_found_response(request: Request, path: str) -> Response:
+    """Return a 404 for unknown paths.
+    """
+    accept = request.headers.get("accept", "").lower()
+    prefers_json = "application/json" in accept and "text/html" not in accept
+    request_id = getattr(request.state, "request_id", "unknown")
+
+    if not prefers_json and _NOT_FOUND_HTML is not None:
+        return HTMLResponse(content=_NOT_FOUND_HTML, status_code=404)
+
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=404,
+        content={
+            "error": {
+                "message": f"Path '/{path}' not found",
+                "type": "not_found",
+                "code": 404,
+            },
+            "request_id": request_id,
+        },
+    )
+
+
 @proxy_router.api_route("/{path:path}", methods=["GET", "POST"], response_model=None)
 async def proxy(
     request: Request, path: str, session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session)
 ) -> Response | StreamingResponse:
-    headers = dict(request.headers)
+    if not path.startswith(_API_PATH_PREFIXES):
+        return _build_not_found_response(request, path)
 
-    if "x-cashu" not in headers and "authorization" not in headers.keys():
-        return create_error_response(
-            "unauthorized", "Unauthorized", 401, request=request
-        )
+    headers = dict(request.headers)
 
     is_responses_api = path.startswith("v1/responses") or path.startswith("responses")
     request_body = await request.body()
@@ -153,6 +208,7 @@ async def proxy(
         model_id = request_body_dict.get("model", "unknown")
 
     model_obj = get_model_instance(model_id)
+
     if not model_obj:
         return create_error_response(
             "invalid_model", f"Model '{model_id}' not found", 400, request=request
@@ -211,7 +267,7 @@ async def proxy(
 
     elif auth := headers.get("authorization", None):
         key = await get_bearer_token_key(
-            headers, path, session, auth, max_cost_for_model
+            headers, path, session, auth, max_cost_for_model, model_id
         )
 
     else:
@@ -300,9 +356,13 @@ async def proxy(
                         session,
                         model_obj,
                     )
+            except UpstreamError:
+                # Let the outer UpstreamError handler manage retry/revert
+                raise
             except Exception as e:
+                # Unexpected error (not an upstream failure) — revert and propagate
                 logger.error(
-                    "Upstream request failed, ensuring payment is reverted",
+                    "Unexpected error in upstream request, reverting payment",
                     extra={
                         "error": str(e),
                         "error_type": type(e).__name__,
@@ -387,10 +447,16 @@ async def proxy(
 
 
 async def get_bearer_token_key(
-    headers: dict, path: str, session: AsyncSession, auth: str, min_cost: int = 0
+    headers: dict,
+    path: str,
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    auth: str,
+    min_cost: int = 0,
+    model_id: str = "unknown",
 ) -> ApiKey:
     """Handle bearer token authentication proxy requests."""
-    bearer_key = auth.replace("Bearer ", "") if auth.startswith("Bearer ") else ""
+    parts = auth.split()
+    bearer_key = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 and parts[0].lower() == "bearer" else ""
     refund_address = headers.get("Refund-LNURL", None)
     key_expiry_time = headers.get("Key-Expiry-Time", None)
 
@@ -454,15 +520,16 @@ async def get_bearer_token_key(
         )
         return key
     except Exception as e:
+        key_preview = bearer_key[:20] + "..." if len(bearer_key) > 20 else bearer_key
         logger.error(
-            "Bearer token validation failed",
+            f"Bearer token validation failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e} path={path} model={model_id!r} min_cost={min_cost} key={key_preview!r}",
             extra={
                 "error": str(e),
                 "error_type": type(e).__name__,
                 "path": path,
-                "bearer_key_preview": bearer_key[:20] + "..."
-                if len(bearer_key) > 20
-                else bearer_key,
+                "model_id": model_id,
+                "min_cost_msat": min_cost,
+                "bearer_key_preview": key_preview,
             },
         )
         raise

routstr/upstream/__init__.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from .openai import OpenAIUpstreamProvider
 from .openrouter import OpenRouterUpstreamProvider
 from .perplexity import PerplexityUpstreamProvider
 from .ppqai import PPQAIUpstreamProvider
+from .routstr import RoutstrUpstreamProvider
 from .xai import XAIUpstreamProvider
 
 upstream_provider_classes: list[type[BaseUpstreamProvider]] = [
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ upstream_provider_classes: list[type[BaseUpstreamProvider]] = [
     OpenRouterUpstreamProvider,
     PerplexityUpstreamProvider,
     PPQAIUpstreamProvider,
+    RoutstrUpstreamProvider,
     XAIUpstreamProvider,
 ]
 """List of all upstream classes"""

routstr/upstream/anthropic.py

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ class AnthropicUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "anthropic"
     default_base_url = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
     platform_url = "https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys"
+    supports_anthropic_messages = True
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "anthropic/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.01):
         super().__init__(

routstr/upstream/auto_topup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import asyncio
+import json
+
+from sqlmodel import select
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..core.db import UpstreamProviderRow, create_session
+from ..wallet import send_token
+from .routstr import RoutstrUpstreamProvider
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+# Check every 60 seconds
+AUTO_TOPUP_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 60
+
+
+async def periodic_auto_topup() -> None:
+    """Background task that monitors Routstr provider balances and auto-tops up when below threshold.
+
+    For each Routstr provider with auto_topup enabled in provider_settings:
+    1. Checks the upstream balance via get_balance()
+    2. If balance < topup_threshold, creates a cashu token from the configured mint
+    3. Sends the token to the upstream provider via topup()
+    """
+    # Wait for initial startup to complete
+    await asyncio.sleep(30)
+    logger.info("Auto top-up worker started")
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            await _run_auto_topup_cycle()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                "Auto top-up cycle failed",
+                extra={"error": str(e), "error_type": type(e).__name__},
+            )
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(AUTO_TOPUP_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+
+
+async def _run_auto_topup_cycle() -> None:
+    """Single cycle: check all eligible providers and top up if needed."""
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        query = select(UpstreamProviderRow).where(
+            UpstreamProviderRow.provider_type == "routstr",
+            UpstreamProviderRow.enabled == True,  # noqa: E712
+        )
+        result = await session.exec(query)
+        providers = result.all()
+
+    for row in providers:
+        try:
+            await _check_and_topup(row)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                "Auto top-up failed for provider",
+                extra={
+                    "provider_id": row.id,
+                    "base_url": row.base_url,
+                    "error": str(e),
+                    "error_type": type(e).__name__,
+                },
+            )
+
+
+async def _check_and_topup(row: UpstreamProviderRow) -> None:
+    """Check a single provider's balance and top up if below threshold."""
+    # Parse provider settings
+    settings: dict = {}
+    if row.provider_settings:
+        try:
+            settings = json.loads(row.provider_settings)
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
+            return
+
+    if not settings.get("auto_topup"):
+        return
+
+    threshold = settings.get("topup_threshold")
+    amount = settings.get("topup_amount_limit")
+    mint_url = settings.get("topup_mint_url")
+
+    if not threshold or not amount or not mint_url:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Auto top-up enabled but missing configuration",
+            extra={
+                "provider_id": row.id,
+                "has_threshold": bool(threshold),
+                "has_amount": bool(amount),
+                "has_mint": bool(mint_url),
+            },
+        )
+        return
+
+    if not row.api_key:
+        return
+
+    # Instantiate provider and check balance
+    provider = RoutstrUpstreamProvider.from_db_row(row)
+    balance = await provider.get_balance()
+
+    if balance is None:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Could not fetch balance for auto top-up",
+            extra={"provider_id": row.id, "base_url": row.base_url},
+        )
+        return
+
+    if balance >= threshold * 1000:
+        return
+
+    # Balance is below threshold - create token and top up
+    logger.info(
+        "Auto top-up triggered",
+        extra={
+            "provider_id": row.id,
+            "balance": balance,
+            "threshold": threshold,
+            "topup_amount": amount,
+            "mint_url": mint_url,
+        },
+    )
+
+    print(amount, mint_url)
+    try:
+        token = await send_token(amount, "sat", mint_url)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "Failed to create cashu token for auto top-up",
+            extra={
+                "provider_id": row.id,
+                "amount": amount,
+                "mint_url": mint_url,
+                "error": str(e),
+            },
+        )
+        return
+
+    result = await provider.topup(token)
+
+    if "error" in result:
+        logger.error(
+            "Auto top-up upstream call failed",
+            extra={
+                "provider_id": row.id,
+                "error": result["error"],
+            },
+        )
+    else:
+        logger.info(
+            "Auto top-up completed successfully",
+            extra={
+                "provider_id": row.id,
+                "amount": amount,
+                "new_balance_approx": balance + amount,
+            },
+        )

routstr/upstream/azure.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from .base import BaseUpstreamProvider
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
+    from ..payment.models import Model
 
 
 class AzureUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ class AzureUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "azure"
     default_base_url = None
     platform_url = "https://portal.azure.com/"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "azure/"
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -58,19 +60,52 @@ class AzureUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
             "platform_url": cls.platform_url,
         }
 
+    def prepare_headers(self, request_headers: dict) -> dict:
+        """Prepare headers for Azure OpenAI, adding api-key."""
+        headers = super().prepare_headers(request_headers)
+        if self.api_key:
+            headers["api-key"] = self.api_key
+            headers.pop("Authorization", None)
+            headers.pop("authorization", None)
+        return headers
+
     def prepare_params(
         self, path: str, query_params: Mapping[str, str] | None
     ) -> Mapping[str, str]:
-        """Prepare query parameters for Azure OpenAI, adding API version.
-
-        Args:
-            path: Request path
-            query_params: Original query parameters from the client
-
-        Returns:
-            Query parameters dict with Azure API version added for chat completions
-        """
+        """Prepare query parameters for Azure OpenAI, adding API version."""
         params = dict(query_params or {})
-        if path.endswith("chat/completions"):
-            params["api-version"] = self.api_version
+        version = (self.api_version or "").replace("\ufeff", "").strip()
+        if not version or version.lower() == "v1":
+            version = "2024-02-15-preview"
+        params["api-version"] = version
         return params
+
+    def normalize_request_path(
+        self, path: str, model_obj: "Model | None" = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Build Azure deployment-specific request path."""
+        clean_path = super().normalize_request_path(path, model_obj).lstrip("/")
+        if model_obj is None:
+            return clean_path
+
+        deployment_id = getattr(
+            model_obj, "canonical_slug", None
+        ) or self.transform_model_name(model_obj.id)
+        deployment_id = deployment_id.split("/")[-1]
+        return f"openai/deployments/{deployment_id}/{clean_path}"
+
+    def get_request_base_url(
+        self, path: str, model_obj: "Model | None" = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Use endpoint root, stripping accidental /openai/v1 suffix if present."""
+        base_url = self.base_url.rstrip("/")
+        marker = "/openai/v1"
+        if marker in base_url:
+            base_url = base_url.split(marker, 1)[0].rstrip("/")
+        return base_url
+
+    def transform_model_name(self, model_id: str) -> str:
+        """Extract deployment name from model ID."""
+        if "/" in model_id:
+            return model_id.split("/")[-1]
+        return model_id

routstr/upstream/clients/gemini.py

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ class GeminiClient(BaseAPIClient):
         max_tokens: int | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        from openai import NOT_GIVEN
+        from openai import omit
 
         response = await self.client.chat.completions.create(
             model=model,
             messages=messages,  # type: ignore
-            temperature=temperature if temperature is not None else NOT_GIVEN,
-            max_tokens=max_tokens if max_tokens is not None else NOT_GIVEN,
-            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p", NOT_GIVEN),
+            temperature=temperature if temperature is not None else omit,
+            max_tokens=max_tokens if max_tokens is not None else omit,
+            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p", omit),
         )
         return response.model_dump()
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class GeminiClient(BaseAPIClient):
         max_tokens: int | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> AsyncGenerator[dict[str, Any], None]:
-        from openai import NOT_GIVEN
+        from openai import omit
 
         usage_callback = kwargs.get("usage_callback")
         completion_callback = kwargs.get("completion_callback")
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ class GeminiClient(BaseAPIClient):
             messages=messages,  # type: ignore
             stream=True,
             stream_options={"include_usage": True},
-            temperature=temperature if temperature is not None else NOT_GIVEN,
-            max_tokens=max_tokens if max_tokens is not None else NOT_GIVEN,
-            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p", NOT_GIVEN),
+            temperature=temperature if temperature is not None else omit,
+            max_tokens=max_tokens if max_tokens is not None else omit,
+            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p", omit),
         )
 
         final_usage = None

routstr/upstream/count_tokens.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Local handling of Anthropic ``/v1/messages/count_tokens`` for upstreams
+that do not natively expose the endpoint.
+
+Most non-Anthropic upstreams (OpenAI-compat, Gemini OpenAI-compat,
+OpenRouter chat-completions, generic providers) return 400/404 when asked
+to ``POST /messages/count_tokens``. Claude Code and other Anthropic SDK
+clients call this endpoint before each turn to size context windows and
+trigger compaction, so a failure breaks the whole chat.
+
+We answer locally. ``litellm.token_counter`` understands the Anthropic
+message shape and the per-model tokenizers, so we prefer it. If it raises
+(unknown model, encoding lookup failure, ...), we fall back to the
+project's own ``estimate_tokens`` heuristic, which is always defined and
+never raises.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from typing import Any
+
+import litellm
+from fastapi.responses import Response
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..payment.helpers import estimate_tokens
+from ..payment.models import Model
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def _parse_request_body(request_body: bytes | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if not request_body:
+        return {}
+    try:
+        parsed = json.loads(request_body)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return {}
+    return parsed if isinstance(parsed, dict) else {}
+
+
+def _count_with_litellm(model: str, body: dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    messages = body.get("messages")
+    if not isinstance(messages, list):
+        messages = []
+
+    system = body.get("system")
+    if isinstance(system, str) and system:
+        messages = [{"role": "system", "content": system}, *messages]
+    elif isinstance(system, list):
+        text = "".join(
+            block.get("text", "")
+            for block in system
+            if isinstance(block, dict) and block.get("type") == "text"
+        )
+        if text:
+            messages = [{"role": "system", "content": text}, *messages]
+
+    tools = body.get("tools") if isinstance(body.get("tools"), list) else None
+
+    return int(
+        litellm.token_counter(
+            model=model,
+            messages=messages,
+            tools=tools,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def count_tokens_locally(
+    request_body: bytes | None,
+    model_obj: Model | None,
+) -> Response:
+    """Return an Anthropic-compatible count_tokens response without
+    touching the upstream. Always returns 200; never raises."""
+    body = _parse_request_body(request_body)
+
+    model_name = ""
+    if model_obj is not None:
+        model_name = model_obj.forwarded_model_id or model_obj.id or ""
+    if not model_name:
+        body_model = body.get("model")
+        if isinstance(body_model, str):
+            model_name = body_model
+
+    input_tokens: int
+    try:
+        input_tokens = _count_with_litellm(model_name, body)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        messages = body.get("messages")
+        fallback_messages = messages if isinstance(messages, list) else []
+        input_tokens = estimate_tokens(fallback_messages)
+        logger.debug(
+            "litellm token_counter failed; using local estimator",
+            extra={
+                "model": model_name,
+                "error": str(exc),
+                "error_type": type(exc).__name__,
+                "estimated_tokens": input_tokens,
+            },
+        )
+
+    payload = {"input_tokens": max(0, int(input_tokens))}
+    return Response(
+        content=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
+        status_code=200,
+        media_type="application/json",
+    )

routstr/upstream/fireworks.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class FireworksUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "fireworks"
     default_base_url = "https://api.fireworks.ai/inference/v1"
     platform_url = "https://app.fireworks.ai/settings/users/api-keys"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "fireworks_ai/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.01):
         super().__init__(

routstr/upstream/gemini.py

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import json
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
-from fastapi import Request
-from fastapi.responses import Response, StreamingResponse
-
+from . import gemini_messages
 from .base import BaseUpstreamProvider
 from .clients.gemini import GeminiClient
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..core.db import ApiKey, AsyncSession, UpstreamProviderRow
+    from ..core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
     from ..payment.models import Model
 
 from ..core.logging import get_logger
@@ -20,9 +16,19 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
 class GeminiUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
+    """Gemini provider — proxies through Gemini's OpenAI-compat surface.
+
+    The chat-completions, embeddings, and models paths all flow through
+    :meth:`BaseUpstreamProvider.forward_request`; we only override
+    ``get_request_base_url`` to redirect to ``{base}/openai/...`` and
+    ``_dispatch_anthropic_messages`` to inject thought-signatures on the
+    /v1/messages path (see :mod:`gemini_messages` for that rationale).
+    """
+
     provider_type = "gemini"
     default_base_url = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta"
     platform_url = "https://aistudio.google.com/app/apikey"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "gemini/"
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ class GeminiUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
 
     @property
     def client(self) -> GeminiClient:
-        """Get or create the Gemini API client."""
+        """Get or create the Gemini API client (used for the models listing)."""
         if self._client is None:
             self._client = GeminiClient(api_key=self.api_key)
         return self._client
@@ -65,240 +71,66 @@ class GeminiUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
         }
 
     def transform_model_name(self, model_id: str) -> str:
-        return model_id.removeprefix("gemini/")
+        """Reduce a routstr model id to the bare upstream Gemini name.
 
-    async def forward_request(
+        Gemini's OpenAI-compat surface expects the literal model id
+        (e.g. ``gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview``) — no ``gemini/`` provider
+        prefix and no ``google/`` vendor sub-prefix. Take the last path
+        segment so we tolerate any of:
+
+            ``gemini-2.0-flash``
+            ``gemini/gemini-2.0-flash``
+            ``gemini/google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview``
+        """
+        return model_id.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+
+    @property
+    def compat_base_url(self) -> str:
+        """Gemini's OpenAI-compat surface, regardless of what's stored.
+
+        Stored ``base_url`` may be ``.../v1beta`` (the native Gemini API
+        root) or ``.../v1beta/openai`` (already pointed at the compat
+        surface). Normalize to the latter.
+        """
+        return self.base_url.rstrip("/").removesuffix("/openai") + "/openai"
+
+    def get_request_base_url(
+        self, path: str, model_obj: "Model | None" = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Route every proxied request to the OpenAI-compat surface.
+
+        Required because the stored ``base_url`` typically points at the
+        native Gemini API (``/v1beta``), but :meth:`forward_request`
+        forwards OpenAI-shaped paths (``/chat/completions``,
+        ``/embeddings``, ``/models``) which only exist under the
+        ``/openai`` subtree.
+        """
+        return self.compat_base_url
+
+    async def _dispatch_anthropic_messages(
         self,
-        request: Request,
-        path: str,
-        headers: dict,
         request_body: bytes | None,
-        key: ApiKey,
-        max_cost_for_model: int,
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        model_obj: Model,
-    ) -> Response | StreamingResponse:
-        # Remove provider prefix from model ID for Gemini API
-        if "/" in model_obj.id:
-            model_obj.id = model_obj.id.split("/", 1)[1]
+        model_obj: "Model",
+        *,
+        log_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, Any, str | None]:
+        """Dispatch /v1/messages via the gemini-specific httpx path.
 
-        if not path.startswith("chat/completions"):
-            return await super().forward_request(
-                request,
-                path,
-                headers,
-                request_body,
-                key,
-                max_cost_for_model,
-                session,
-                model_obj,
-            )
-
-        if not request_body:
-            return await super().forward_request(
-                request,
-                path,
-                headers,
-                request_body,
-                key,
-                max_cost_for_model,
-                session,
-                model_obj,
-            )
-
-        try:
-            openai_data = json.loads(request_body)
-            messages = openai_data.get("messages", [])
-            temperature = openai_data.get("temperature")
-            max_tokens = openai_data.get("max_tokens")
-            top_p = openai_data.get("top_p")
-            is_streaming = openai_data.get("stream", False)
-
-            logger.info(
-                "Processing Gemini request with client abstraction",
-                extra={
-                    "model": model_obj.id,
-                    "is_streaming": is_streaming,
-                    "message_count": len(messages),
-                    "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                },
-            )
-
-            if is_streaming:
-                final_usage_data: dict | None = None
-
-                def usage_callback(usage_data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-                    """Callback to capture usage data during streaming"""
-                    nonlocal final_usage_data
-                    final_usage_data = usage_data
-
-                async def completion_callback(
-                    model: str, usage_data: dict[str, Any] | None
-                ) -> None:
-                    """Callback to handle payment when streaming completes"""
-                    nonlocal final_usage_data
-                    if usage_data:
-                        final_usage_data = usage_data
-
-                    payment_data = {
-                        "model": model,
-                        "usage": final_usage_data,
-                    }
-
-                    from ..auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
-                    from ..core.db import create_session
-
-                    async with create_session() as new_session:
-                        fresh_key = await new_session.get(key.__class__, key.hashed_key)
-                        if fresh_key:
-                            try:
-                                cost_data = await adjust_payment_for_tokens(
-                                    fresh_key,
-                                    payment_data,
-                                    new_session,
-                                    max_cost_for_model,
-                                )
-
-                                logger.info(
-                                    "Gemini streaming payment finalized",
-                                    extra={
-                                        "cost_data": cost_data,
-                                        "usage_data": final_usage_data,
-                                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                                    },
-                                )
-                            except Exception as cost_error:
-                                logger.error(
-                                    "Error finalizing Gemini streaming payment",
-                                    extra={
-                                        "error": str(cost_error),
-                                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                                    },
-                                )
-
-                response_generator = self.client.generate_content_stream(
-                    model=model_obj.id,
-                    messages=messages,
-                    temperature=temperature,
-                    max_tokens=max_tokens,
-                    top_p=top_p,
-                    usage_callback=usage_callback,
-                    completion_callback=completion_callback,
-                )
-
-                async def stream_with_cost() -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
-                    payment_finalized = False
-
-                    async def finalize_payment() -> None:
-                        nonlocal payment_finalized
-                        if payment_finalized:
-                            return
-                        from ..auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
-                        from ..core.db import create_session
-
-                        async with create_session() as new_session:
-                            fresh_key = await new_session.get(
-                                key.__class__, key.hashed_key
-                            )
-                            if fresh_key:
-                                try:
-                                    await adjust_payment_for_tokens(
-                                        fresh_key,
-                                        {
-                                            "model": model_obj.id,
-                                            "usage": final_usage_data,
-                                        },
-                                        new_session,
-                                        max_cost_for_model,
-                                    )
-                                    payment_finalized = True
-                                except Exception as cost_error:
-                                    logger.error(
-                                        "Error finalizing Gemini streaming payment in fallback",
-                                        extra={
-                                            "error": str(cost_error),
-                                            "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                                        },
-                                    )
-
-                    try:
-                        async for chunk in response_generator:
-                            sse_data = f"data: {json.dumps(chunk)}\n\n"
-                            yield sse_data.encode()
-                    except Exception as e:
-                        logger.error(
-                            "Error in Gemini streaming response",
-                            extra={
-                                "error": str(e),
-                                "error_type": type(e).__name__,
-                                "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                            },
-                        )
-                        raise
-                    finally:
-                        if not payment_finalized:
-                            await finalize_payment()
-
-                return StreamingResponse(
-                    stream_with_cost(),
-                    media_type="text/event-stream",
-                    headers={"Cache-Control": "no-cache", "Connection": "keep-alive"},
-                )
-
-            else:
-                openai_format_response = await self.client.generate_content(
-                    model=model_obj.id,
-                    messages=messages,
-                    temperature=temperature,
-                    max_tokens=max_tokens,
-                    top_p=top_p,
-                )
-
-                from ..auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
-
-                cost_data = await adjust_payment_for_tokens(
-                    key, openai_format_response, session, max_cost_for_model
-                )
-                openai_format_response["cost"] = cost_data
-
-                logger.info(
-                    "Gemini non-streaming payment completed",
-                    extra={
-                        "cost_data": cost_data,
-                        "model": model_obj.id,
-                        "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                    },
-                )
-
-                return Response(
-                    content=json.dumps(openai_format_response),
-                    media_type="application/json",
-                    headers={"Cache-Control": "no-cache"},
-                )
-
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(
-                "Error in Gemini forward_request",
-                extra={
-                    "error": str(e),
-                    "error_type": type(e).__name__,
-                    "path": path,
-                    "key_hash": key.hashed_key[:8] + "...",
-                },
-            )
-            return await super().forward_request(
-                request,
-                path,
-                headers,
-                request_body,
-                key,
-                max_cost_for_model,
-                session,
-                model_obj,
-            )
+        See :mod:`routstr.upstream.gemini_messages` for the full rationale
+        (thought-signature injection, why litellm + the openai SDK can't
+        carry the required ``extra_content`` field).
+        """
+        return await gemini_messages.dispatch_gemini_messages(
+            request_body=request_body,
+            model_obj=model_obj,
+            base_url=self.compat_base_url,
+            api_key=self.api_key,
+            transform_model_name=self.transform_model_name,
+            log_extra=log_extra,
+        )
 
     async def _fetch_provider_models(self) -> dict:
-        """Fetch models from Gemini API."""
+        """Fetch models from Gemini API via the OpenAI-compat client."""
         try:
             models_data = await self.client.list_models()
 

routstr/upstream/gemini_messages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+"""Custom /v1/messages dispatcher for Gemini's OpenAI-compat endpoint.
+
+Why this exists
+---------------
+
+Gemini 2.5 / 3 thinking models reject inbound ``functionCall`` parts that
+lack a ``thought_signature`` field once any prior turn in the conversation
+contains a function call. Anthropic-Messages clients (Claude Code etc.)
+have no concept of thought signatures, so multi-turn tool conversations
+fail with::
+
+    Function call is missing a thought_signature in functionCall parts.
+
+Google's published escape hatch (https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/
+thought-signatures, FAQ #1) is the dummy signature
+``"skip_thought_signature_validator"`` placed at
+``tool_calls[i].extra_content.google.thought_signature`` for every tool
+call in the request. The hatch is documented specifically for
+"transferring a trace from a different model that does not include thought
+signatures" — exactly our case.
+
+Why we can't reach the wire via litellm
+---------------------------------------
+
+``litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate`` flows through the openai SDK, whose
+pydantic ``ChatCompletionMessageToolCall`` model silently drops unknown
+fields like ``extra_content``. Litellm has no openai-compat translator
+that emits ``extra_content.google.thought_signature``. So we bypass both
+litellm and the openai SDK at the transport layer.
+
+Pipeline
+--------
+
+1. Translate Anthropic body → OpenAI body via litellm's
+   ``AnthropicAdapter`` (the same translator
+   ``litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate`` uses internally).
+2. Inject ``extra_content.google.thought_signature`` on every
+   ``tool_calls[]`` entry.
+3. Set ``reasoning_effort="none"`` to disable Gemini's thinking pass.
+4. POST directly to ``{base_url}/chat/completions`` with ``stream=true``
+   via ``httpx`` (preserves arbitrary fields verbatim).
+5. Translate OpenAI streaming chunks → Anthropic SSE events.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+import httpx
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..core.exceptions import UpstreamError
+from ..payment.models import Model
+from .messages_dispatch import (
+    ANTHROPIC_ONLY_FIELDS,
+    aggregate_anthropic_events_to_message,
+)
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+DUMMY_THOUGHT_SIGNATURE = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
+# Mapping: OpenAI finish_reason → Anthropic stop_reason
+_FINISH_TO_STOP = {
+    "stop": "end_turn",
+    "length": "max_tokens",
+    "tool_calls": "tool_use",
+    "function_call": "tool_use",
+    "content_filter": "refusal",
+}
+
+
+def inject_thought_signatures(messages: list[dict]) -> None:
+    """Add ``extra_content.google.thought_signature`` to every tool_call.
+
+    Mutates ``messages`` in place. Idempotent: existing signatures are not
+    overwritten.
+    """
+    for msg in messages:
+        tool_calls = msg.get("tool_calls")
+        if not isinstance(tool_calls, list):
+            continue
+        for tc in tool_calls:
+            if not isinstance(tc, dict):
+                continue
+            extra = tc.get("extra_content")
+            if not isinstance(extra, dict):
+                extra = tc["extra_content"] = {}
+            google_cfg = extra.get("google")
+            if not isinstance(google_cfg, dict):
+                google_cfg = extra["google"] = {}
+            google_cfg.setdefault("thought_signature", DUMMY_THOUGHT_SIGNATURE)
+
+
+def _translate_anthropic_to_openai(body: dict, model: str) -> dict:
+    """Use litellm's translator to convert an Anthropic /messages body to
+    OpenAI /chat/completions kwargs.
+
+    Imported lazily because the litellm internal path is heavy and not
+    needed for any other code path in routstr.
+    """
+    from litellm.llms.anthropic.experimental_pass_through.adapters.transformation import (  # noqa: E501
+        AnthropicAdapter,
+    )
+
+    kwargs = {"model": model, **body}
+    translated = AnthropicAdapter().translate_completion_input_params(kwargs)
+    if translated is None:
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            "Failed to translate Anthropic body to OpenAI format",
+            status_code=500,
+        )
+    return dict(translated)
+
+
+def _sse_event(event_type: str, payload: dict) -> bytes:
+    return f"event: {event_type}\ndata: {json.dumps(payload)}\n\n".encode()
+
+
+async def _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events(
+    line_iter: AsyncIterator[str], requested_model: str | None
+) -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
+    """Translate an OpenAI chat-completions SSE byte stream into the
+    Anthropic-Messages SSE event sequence.
+
+    Maintains per-chunk state across:
+
+    * one optional text content block (lazy-opened on first text delta)
+    * any number of tool_use blocks indexed by openai's ``delta.tool_calls[].index``
+    * final ``stop_reason`` / ``usage`` carried out via ``message_delta`` /
+      ``message_stop``
+    """
+    msg_id = f"msg_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:24]}"
+    started = False
+    text_block_idx: int | None = None
+    tool_block_indices: dict[int, int] = {}
+    next_block_idx = 0
+    final_finish_reason: str | None = None
+    final_usage: dict[str, int] = {"input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}
+
+    def open_text_block() -> bytes:
+        nonlocal text_block_idx, next_block_idx
+        text_block_idx = next_block_idx
+        next_block_idx += 1
+        return _sse_event(
+            "content_block_start",
+            {
+                "type": "content_block_start",
+                "index": text_block_idx,
+                "content_block": {"type": "text", "text": ""},
+            },
+        )
+
+    def open_tool_block(delta_idx: int, tc: dict) -> bytes:
+        nonlocal next_block_idx
+        block_idx = next_block_idx
+        next_block_idx += 1
+        tool_block_indices[delta_idx] = block_idx
+        fn = tc.get("function") or {}
+        return _sse_event(
+            "content_block_start",
+            {
+                "type": "content_block_start",
+                "index": block_idx,
+                "content_block": {
+                    "type": "tool_use",
+                    "id": tc.get("id") or f"toolu_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:24]}",
+                    "name": fn.get("name") or "",
+                    "input": {},
+                },
+            },
+        )
+
+    def close_block(idx: int) -> bytes:
+        return _sse_event(
+            "content_block_stop",
+            {"type": "content_block_stop", "index": idx},
+        )
+
+    async for raw_line in line_iter:
+        line = raw_line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        if not line.startswith("data:"):
+            continue
+        payload = line[5:].lstrip()
+        if not payload or payload == "[DONE]":
+            continue
+        try:
+            chunk = json.loads(payload)
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            continue
+        if not isinstance(chunk, dict):
+            continue
+
+        if not started:
+            started = True
+            yield _sse_event(
+                "message_start",
+                {
+                    "type": "message_start",
+                    "message": {
+                        "id": chunk.get("id") or msg_id,
+                        "type": "message",
+                        "role": "assistant",
+                        "model": requested_model or chunk.get("model") or "",
+                        "content": [],
+                        "stop_reason": None,
+                        "stop_sequence": None,
+                        "usage": {
+                            "input_tokens": 0,
+                            "output_tokens": 0,
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            )
+
+        usage = chunk.get("usage")
+        if isinstance(usage, dict):
+            in_tok = usage.get("prompt_tokens") or usage.get("input_tokens") or 0
+            out_tok = usage.get("completion_tokens") or usage.get("output_tokens") or 0
+            if in_tok:
+                final_usage["input_tokens"] = int(in_tok)
+            if out_tok:
+                final_usage["output_tokens"] = int(out_tok)
+
+        choices = chunk.get("choices") or []
+        if not choices:
+            continue
+        choice = choices[0] if isinstance(choices[0], dict) else {}
+        delta = choice.get("delta") or {}
+        if not isinstance(delta, dict):
+            delta = {}
+
+        # Text delta
+        text = delta.get("content")
+        if isinstance(text, str) and text:
+            if text_block_idx is None:
+                yield open_text_block()
+            yield _sse_event(
+                "content_block_delta",
+                {
+                    "type": "content_block_delta",
+                    "index": text_block_idx,
+                    "delta": {"type": "text_delta", "text": text},
+                },
+            )
+
+        # Tool call deltas
+        tool_calls_delta = delta.get("tool_calls")
+        if isinstance(tool_calls_delta, list):
+            for tc in tool_calls_delta:
+                if not isinstance(tc, dict):
+                    continue
+                d_idx = int(tc.get("index") or 0)
+                if d_idx not in tool_block_indices:
+                    yield open_tool_block(d_idx, tc)
+                block_idx = tool_block_indices[d_idx]
+                fn = tc.get("function") or {}
+                args = fn.get("arguments")
+                if isinstance(args, str) and args:
+                    yield _sse_event(
+                        "content_block_delta",
+                        {
+                            "type": "content_block_delta",
+                            "index": block_idx,
+                            "delta": {
+                                "type": "input_json_delta",
+                                "partial_json": args,
+                            },
+                        },
+                    )
+
+        finish = choice.get("finish_reason")
+        if finish:
+            final_finish_reason = finish
+
+    # Close any open content blocks
+    if text_block_idx is not None:
+        yield close_block(text_block_idx)
+    for block_idx in tool_block_indices.values():
+        yield close_block(block_idx)
+
+    # message_delta with stop_reason and usage
+    stop_reason = _FINISH_TO_STOP.get(final_finish_reason or "", "end_turn")
+    yield _sse_event(
+        "message_delta",
+        {
+            "type": "message_delta",
+            "delta": {"stop_reason": stop_reason, "stop_sequence": None},
+            "usage": final_usage,
+        },
+    )
+    yield _sse_event("message_stop", {"type": "message_stop"})
+
+
+async def _post_and_stream(
+    base_url: str,
+    api_key: str,
+    payload: dict,
+    log_extra: dict[str, Any] | None,
+) -> tuple[httpx.AsyncClient, httpx.Response]:
+    """POST to upstream chat-completions and return (client, response) for
+    streaming. Caller is responsible for closing both."""
+    url = f"{base_url.rstrip('/')}/chat/completions"
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=httpx.Timeout(120.0, read=120.0))
+    try:
+        request = client.build_request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            json=payload,
+            headers={
+                "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}",
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+                "Accept": "text/event-stream",
+            },
+        )
+        response = await client.send(request, stream=True)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        await client.aclose()
+        logger.error(
+            "Gemini messages dispatch HTTP error",
+            extra={"error": str(exc), "url": url, **(log_extra or {})},
+        )
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            f"Failed to reach Gemini upstream: {exc}", status_code=502
+        ) from exc
+
+    if response.status_code >= 400:
+        try:
+            body_bytes = await response.aread()
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+            await client.aclose()
+        body_text = body_bytes.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        logger.error(
+            "Gemini messages dispatch upstream error",
+            extra={
+                "status_code": response.status_code,
+                "body": body_text[:1000],
+                "url": url,
+                **(log_extra or {}),
+            },
+        )
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            f"Upstream error via gemini compat: {body_text}",
+            status_code=response.status_code,
+        )
+
+    return client, response
+
+
+async def dispatch_gemini_messages(
+    *,
+    request_body: bytes | None,
+    model_obj: Model,
+    base_url: str,
+    api_key: str,
+    transform_model_name: Callable[[str], str],
+    log_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[bool, Any, str | None]:
+    """Dispatch a /v1/messages request to Gemini's OpenAI-compat endpoint
+    with thought-signature injection.
+
+    Returns ``(client_stream, result, requested_model)`` where ``result``
+    is either an ``AsyncIterator[bytes]`` of Anthropic-format SSE events
+    (for streaming clients) or an Anthropic Message dict (after the caller
+    aggregates).
+    """
+    if not request_body:
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            "Missing request body for /v1/messages", status_code=400
+        )
+
+    try:
+        body: dict = json.loads(request_body)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            f"Invalid JSON in /v1/messages body: {exc}", status_code=400
+        ) from exc
+
+    body.pop("model", None)
+    client_stream = bool(body.pop("stream", False))
+
+    # Anthropic-Messages-only fields that don't translate to OpenAI
+    # Chat Completions. litellm's translator passes through unknown
+    # top-level fields verbatim and Gemini's compat surface 400s on
+    # unknown names like ``context_management`` / ``output_config``.
+    dropped: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for field in ANTHROPIC_ONLY_FIELDS:
+        if field in body:
+            dropped[field] = body.pop(field)
+    if dropped:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Dropped anthropic-only fields before gemini compat dispatch",
+            extra={"dropped_keys": sorted(dropped.keys())},
+        )
+
+    requested_model = (
+        (model_obj.forwarded_model_id or model_obj.id) if model_obj else None
+    )
+    upstream_model = transform_model_name(model_obj.id)
+
+    openai_kwargs = _translate_anthropic_to_openai(body, upstream_model)
+
+    messages = openai_kwargs.get("messages") or []
+    if isinstance(messages, list):
+        inject_thought_signatures(messages)
+
+    # Disable Gemini's thinking pass; the dummy signature already lifts
+    # validation, but skipping thinking entirely avoids degraded model
+    # output and keeps tool-calling deterministic.
+    openai_kwargs.setdefault("reasoning_effort", "none")
+    openai_kwargs["stream"] = True
+    openai_kwargs["model"] = upstream_model
+    # OpenAI-compat backends (including Gemini's) only emit a final
+    # ``usage`` chunk when the request opts in via this flag. Without it
+    # the cost-calculation pipeline can't read real token counts and
+    # falls back to MaxCostData billing.
+    existing_stream_options = openai_kwargs.get("stream_options")
+    merged_stream_options = (
+        dict(existing_stream_options)
+        if isinstance(existing_stream_options, dict)
+        else {}
+    )
+    merged_stream_options.setdefault("include_usage", True)
+    openai_kwargs["stream_options"] = merged_stream_options
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Dispatching /v1/messages via gemini compat (httpx)",
+        extra={
+            "model": upstream_model,
+            "client_stream": client_stream,
+            "messages_with_tool_calls": sum(
+                1 for m in messages if isinstance(m, dict) and m.get("tool_calls")
+            ),
+            **(log_extra or {}),
+        },
+    )
+
+    http_client, response = await _post_and_stream(
+        base_url, api_key, openai_kwargs, log_extra
+    )
+
+    async def line_iter() -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+        try:
+            async for line in response.aiter_lines():
+                yield line
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+            await http_client.aclose()
+
+    anthropic_event_iter = _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events(
+        line_iter(), requested_model
+    )
+
+    if not client_stream:
+        # Aggregate the Anthropic SSE byte stream into a single Message dict
+        # so the rest of the pipeline (cost calc, metadata injection,
+        # response building) can treat it identically to a non-streaming
+        # litellm response.
+        try:
+            aggregated = await aggregate_anthropic_events_to_message(
+                anthropic_event_iter
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.error(
+                "Failed to aggregate Gemini compat events into message",
+                extra={"error": str(exc), **(log_extra or {})},
+            )
+            raise UpstreamError(
+                f"Failed to aggregate upstream stream: {exc}",
+                status_code=502,
+            ) from exc
+        return client_stream, aggregated, requested_model
+
+    return client_stream, anthropic_event_iter, requested_model

routstr/upstream/groq.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class GroqUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "groq"
     default_base_url = "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1"
     platform_url = "https://console.groq.com/keys"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "groq/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.01):
         super().__init__(

routstr/upstream/helpers.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import os
 import re
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..core.settings import Settings
@@ -122,12 +122,16 @@ async def get_all_models_with_overrides(
 
 
 async def refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(
-    upstreams: list[BaseUpstreamProvider],
+    upstreams_provider: (
+        Callable[[], list[BaseUpstreamProvider]] | list[BaseUpstreamProvider]
+    ),
 ) -> None:
     """Background task to periodically refresh models cache for all providers.
 
     Args:
-        upstreams: List of upstream provider instances
+        upstreams_provider: Either a callable returning the live upstream list
+            (preferred — picks up providers added/changed via reinitialize_upstreams),
+            or a static list (legacy, will go stale after reinitialize_upstreams).
     """
     import asyncio
     import random
@@ -139,9 +143,14 @@ async def refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(
         logger.info("Provider models refresh disabled (interval <= 0)")
         return
 
+    def _resolve_upstreams() -> list[BaseUpstreamProvider]:
+        if callable(upstreams_provider):
+            return upstreams_provider()
+        return upstreams_provider
+
     while True:
         try:
-            for upstream in upstreams:
+            for upstream in _resolve_upstreams():
                 try:
                     await upstream.refresh_models_cache()
                 except Exception as e:
@@ -188,13 +197,14 @@ async def init_upstreams() -> list[BaseUpstreamProvider]:
         existing_providers = result.all()
 
         if not existing_providers:
-            logger.info(
-                "No upstream providers found in database, seeding from settings"
-            )
             await _seed_providers_from_settings(session, settings)
             await session.commit()
             result = await session.exec(select(UpstreamProviderRow))
             existing_providers = result.all()
+            if existing_providers:
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Seeded {len(existing_providers)} upstream providers from settings"
+                )
 
         async def _init_single_provider(
             provider_row: UpstreamProviderRow,
@@ -205,6 +215,9 @@ async def init_upstreams() -> list[BaseUpstreamProvider]:
 
             provider = _instantiate_provider(provider_row)
             if provider:
+                # Keep provider DB id on runtime instance so model mapping can
+                # bind DB overrides to the correct upstream.
+                setattr(provider, "db_id", provider_row.id)
                 await provider.refresh_models_cache()
                 logger.debug(
                     f"Initialized {provider_row.provider_type} provider",

routstr/upstream/litellm_routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Map an upstream `base_url` to the correct litellm provider prefix.
+
+Used by `BaseUpstreamProvider.get_litellm_provider_prefix` so that custom /
+generic provider rows (which inherit the base class default) get routed to
+the right litellm backend instead of falling back to `openai/`.
+
+The table is compiled from litellm 1.74's
+`litellm/litellm_core_utils/get_llm_provider_logic.py` (the
+`openai_compatible_endpoints` table) plus the providers documented at
+https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers. Substring match is used so that
+URLs with paths, ports, regional subdomains, etc. all resolve correctly.
+
+Order matters: more specific needles must appear before more generic ones
+(e.g. ``openai.azure.com`` before ``api.openai.com``).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+import litellm
+
+DEFAULT_PREFIX = "openai/"
+
+LITELLM_HOST_PREFIX_MAP: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
+    # Azure must win over api.openai.com because the host ends with
+    # `openai.azure.com` and we don't want it picked up as plain OpenAI.
+    ("openai.azure.com", "azure/"),
+    # Google
+    ("generativelanguage.googleapis.com", "gemini/"),
+    ("aiplatform.googleapis.com", "vertex_ai/"),
+    # First-class providers with native litellm prefixes
+    ("api.openai.com", "openai/"),
+    ("api.anthropic.com", "anthropic/"),
+    ("api.groq.com", "groq/"),
+    ("api.fireworks.ai", "fireworks_ai/"),
+    ("api.x.ai", "xai/"),
+    ("api.perplexity.ai", "perplexity/"),
+    ("openrouter.ai", "openrouter/"),
+    ("api.deepseek.com", "deepseek/"),
+    ("api.together.xyz", "together_ai/"),
+    ("codestral.mistral.ai", "codestral/"),
+    ("api.mistral.ai", "mistral/"),
+    ("api.cohere.com", "cohere_chat/"),
+    ("api.cohere.ai", "cohere_chat/"),
+    ("api.deepinfra.com", "deepinfra/"),
+    ("api.endpoints.anyscale.com", "anyscale/"),
+    ("api.cerebras.ai", "cerebras/"),
+    ("inference.baseten.co", "baseten/"),
+    ("api.sambanova.ai", "sambanova/"),
+    ("api.ai21.com", "ai21_chat/"),
+    ("api.friendli.ai", "friendliai/"),
+    ("api.galadriel.com", "galadriel/"),
+    ("api.llama.com", "meta_llama/"),
+    ("api.featherless.ai", "featherless_ai/"),
+    ("inference.api.nscale.com", "nscale/"),
+    ("dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com", "dashscope/"),
+    ("api.moonshot.ai", "moonshot/"),
+    ("api.moonshot.cn", "moonshot/"),
+    ("api.minimax.io", "minimax/"),
+    ("api.minimaxi.com", "minimax/"),
+    ("platform.publicai.co", "publicai/"),
+    ("api.synthetic.new", "synthetic/"),
+    ("api.stima.tech", "apertis/"),
+    ("nano-gpt.com", "nano-gpt/"),
+    ("api.poe.com", "poe/"),
+    ("llm.chutes.ai", "chutes/"),
+    ("api.v0.dev", "v0/"),
+    ("api.lambda.ai", "lambda_ai/"),
+    ("api.hyperbolic.xyz", "hyperbolic/"),
+    ("ai-gateway.vercel.sh", "vercel_ai_gateway/"),
+    ("api.inference.wandb.ai", "wandb/"),
+    ("integrate.api.nvidia.com", "nvidia_nim/"),
+    ("api.studio.nebius.com", "nebius/"),
+    ("api.novita.ai", "novita/"),
+    ("ark.cn-beijing.volces.com", "volcengine/"),
+    ("api.voyageai.com", "voyage/"),
+    ("api.jina.ai", "jina_ai/"),
+    ("api.aimlapi.com", "aiml/"),
+    ("api.snowflakecomputing.com", "snowflake/"),
+    ("databricks.com", "databricks/"),
+    ("huggingface.co", "huggingface/"),
+)
+
+# Substrings that indicate an Ollama deployment regardless of port/scheme.
+OLLAMA_HOST_HINTS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "localhost:11434",
+    "127.0.0.1:11434",
+    "ollama",
+)
+
+
+def detect_litellm_prefix(
+    base_url: str | None, default: str = DEFAULT_PREFIX
+) -> str:
+    """Return the litellm provider prefix (`"<provider>/"`) for `base_url`.
+
+    Falls back to `default` when the host doesn't match any known provider.
+    The default is `openai/` because every unmatched OpenAI-compatible
+    server is, by definition, an OpenAI-compatible server.
+    """
+    if not base_url:
+        return default
+
+    parsed = urlsplit(base_url)
+    host = parsed.netloc.lower() or base_url.lower()
+
+    for needle, prefix in LITELLM_HOST_PREFIX_MAP:
+        if needle in host:
+            return prefix
+
+    if any(hint in host for hint in OLLAMA_HOST_HINTS):
+        return "ollama_chat/"
+
+    return default
+
+
+_configured = False
+
+
+def configure_litellm() -> None:
+    """Apply litellm global settings used by the messages-dispatch path.
+
+    Idempotent: safe to call from both app startup and module-level
+    initializers without side effects on the second invocation.
+
+    Settings applied:
+
+    * ``LITELLM_DEBUG=1`` enables litellm's verbose debug logger.
+    * Forces the Anthropic-messages adapter to call OpenAI Chat Completions
+      (POST ``/chat/completions``) instead of the Responses API (POST
+      ``/responses``) for ``openai/``-prefixed providers. OpenAI-compatible
+      upstreams like Google's generativelanguage compat endpoint expose
+      ``/chat/completions`` but not ``/responses``, which would 404. Set
+      ``LITELLM_USE_RESPONSES_API_FOR_ANTHROPIC_MESSAGES=1`` to opt out.
+    * Silently drops Anthropic-Messages-only parameters (``thinking``,
+      ``cache_control``, ``context_management``, ...) when translating to
+      providers that don't accept them, instead of raising
+      ``UnsupportedParamsError``. Set ``LITELLM_STRICT_PARAMS=1`` to opt
+      out.
+    """
+    global _configured
+    if _configured:
+        return
+
+    if os.getenv("LITELLM_DEBUG") == "1":
+        try:
+            litellm._turn_on_debug()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if os.getenv("LITELLM_USE_RESPONSES_API_FOR_ANTHROPIC_MESSAGES") != "1":
+        try:
+            litellm.use_chat_completions_url_for_anthropic_messages = True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if os.getenv("LITELLM_STRICT_PARAMS") != "1":
+        litellm.drop_params = True
+
+    _configured = True

routstr/upstream/messages_dispatch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""Pure helpers for translating ``/v1/messages`` to upstream chat completions
+via litellm.
+
+This module owns the litellm/Anthropic-Messages translation layer:
+
+* SSE parsing (``parse_sse_blocks``, ``events_from_chunk``)
+* Payload coercion (``coerce_litellm_payload``)
+* Stream aggregation (``aggregate_anthropic_events_to_message``) — drains
+  a streamed Anthropic event sequence into a single Message dict
+* Per-event annotation for streaming (``annotate_event``,
+  ``stream_annotated_events``) — handles the model-rewrite + token-tally
+  bookkeeping shared by the bearer-key and x-cashu streaming paths
+* The dispatch entry point (``dispatch_anthropic_messages``)
+* Refund math (``compute_refund``)
+
+Nothing in here touches ``BaseUpstreamProvider``; the thin instance methods
+on the provider class forward to these functions and only retain logic that
+genuinely needs ``self`` (cost adjustment, metadata injection, refund
+sending).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, cast
+
+import litellm
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..core.exceptions import UpstreamError
+from ..payment.models import Model
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+# Anthropic-Messages-only fields that don't translate to OpenAI
+# Chat Completions. ``litellm.drop_params`` only filters *known*
+# unsupported params; these newer/extension fields get passed through
+# verbatim and the upstream rejects them with a 400. Pop them here so the
+# request reaches the upstream cleanly.
+ANTHROPIC_ONLY_FIELDS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "thinking",
+    "cache_control",
+    "context_management",
+    "output_config",
+    "mcp_servers",
+    "service_tier",
+    "anthropic_version",
+    "anthropic_beta",
+)
+
+
+def coerce_litellm_payload(payload: object) -> dict:
+    """Convert a litellm event into a plain dict.
+
+    Non-streaming responses come back as Anthropic-shaped pydantic models
+    or dicts. Streaming may yield raw bytes/str (SSE-encoded); those go
+    through ``events_from_chunk`` instead, not here.
+    """
+    if isinstance(payload, dict):
+        return dict(payload)
+    if hasattr(payload, "model_dump"):
+        return cast(dict, payload.model_dump())
+    raise TypeError(f"Cannot coerce {type(payload).__name__} to dict")
+
+
+def parse_sse_blocks(buffer: bytes) -> tuple[list[dict], bytes]:
+    """Parse complete SSE event blocks out of a byte buffer.
+
+    Returns (events, remaining_buffer). Events are JSON objects parsed from
+    one or more ``data:`` lines per block. Comments, blank lines, and
+    ``[DONE]`` sentinels are ignored. A trailing partial block is preserved
+    in remaining_buffer.
+    """
+    events: list[dict] = []
+    while True:
+        sep = buffer.find(b"\n\n")
+        if sep < 0:
+            sep_rn = buffer.find(b"\r\n\r\n")
+            if sep_rn < 0:
+                break
+            block = buffer[:sep_rn]
+            buffer = buffer[sep_rn + 4 :]
+        else:
+            block = buffer[:sep]
+            buffer = buffer[sep + 2 :]
+
+        data_lines: list[str] = []
+        for raw_line in block.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n").split(b"\n"):
+            line = raw_line.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            if line.startswith(":"):
+                continue
+            if line.startswith("data:"):
+                data_lines.append(line[5:].lstrip())
+        if not data_lines:
+            continue
+        payload = "\n".join(data_lines).strip()
+        if not payload or payload == "[DONE]":
+            continue
+        try:
+            obj = json.loads(payload)
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            continue
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            events.append(obj)
+    return events, buffer
+
+
+def events_from_chunk(
+    chunk: object, sse_buffer: bytes
+) -> tuple[list[dict], bytes]:
+    """Normalize a stream chunk into one or more event dicts.
+
+    ``litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate(stream=True)`` yields raw SSE
+    bytes in practice; some adapters yield strings or typed events. Handle
+    all three.
+    """
+    if isinstance(chunk, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        sse_buffer += bytes(chunk)
+        events, sse_buffer = parse_sse_blocks(sse_buffer)
+        return events, sse_buffer
+    if isinstance(chunk, str):
+        sse_buffer += chunk.encode("utf-8")
+        events, sse_buffer = parse_sse_blocks(sse_buffer)
+        return events, sse_buffer
+    return [coerce_litellm_payload(chunk)], sse_buffer
+
+
+async def aggregate_anthropic_events_to_message(
+    iterator: AsyncIterator[Any],
+) -> dict:
+    """Drain an Anthropic-Messages event iterator into a single Message dict.
+
+    Produces the shape ``litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate(stream=False)``
+    would have returned. Used to transparently stream from upstream while
+    still returning a non-streaming response to the client. Lets us
+    sidestep upstream quirks (e.g. Fireworks rejects ``max_tokens > 4096``
+    unless ``stream=true``) without leaking that into client-visible
+    behavior.
+    """
+    sse_buffer = b""
+    message: dict = {}
+    blocks: list[dict] = []
+    partial_json: dict[int, str] = {}
+    final_stop_reason: str | None = None
+    final_stop_sequence: str | None = None
+    final_usage: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    final_model: str | None = None
+
+    async for chunk in iterator:
+        events, sse_buffer = events_from_chunk(chunk, sse_buffer)
+        for event in events:
+            etype = event.get("type")
+            if etype == "message_start":
+                raw = event.get("message") or {}
+                if isinstance(raw, dict):
+                    message = dict(raw)
+                    existing = message.get("content")
+                    blocks = list(existing) if isinstance(existing, list) else []
+                    usage = message.get("usage")
+                    if isinstance(usage, dict):
+                        final_usage = dict(usage)
+                    if isinstance(message.get("model"), str):
+                        final_model = message["model"]
+            elif etype == "content_block_start":
+                idx = int(event.get("index") or 0)
+                cb = event.get("content_block") or {}
+                cb_dict = dict(cb) if isinstance(cb, dict) else {}
+                while len(blocks) <= idx:
+                    blocks.append({})
+                blocks[idx] = cb_dict
+            elif etype == "content_block_delta":
+                idx = int(event.get("index") or 0)
+                if idx >= len(blocks):
+                    continue
+                delta = event.get("delta") or {}
+                if not isinstance(delta, dict):
+                    continue
+                dtype = delta.get("type")
+                block = blocks[idx]
+                if dtype == "text_delta":
+                    block["text"] = (block.get("text") or "") + (
+                        delta.get("text") or ""
+                    )
+                elif dtype == "input_json_delta":
+                    partial_json[idx] = partial_json.get(idx, "") + (
+                        delta.get("partial_json") or ""
+                    )
+                elif dtype == "thinking_delta":
+                    block["thinking"] = (block.get("thinking") or "") + (
+                        delta.get("thinking") or ""
+                    )
+                elif dtype == "signature_delta":
+                    block["signature"] = (block.get("signature") or "") + (
+                        delta.get("signature") or ""
+                    )
+            elif etype == "content_block_stop":
+                idx = int(event.get("index") or 0)
+                raw_json = partial_json.pop(idx, None)
+                if raw_json is not None and idx < len(blocks):
+                    try:
+                        blocks[idx]["input"] = (
+                            json.loads(raw_json) if raw_json else {}
+                        )
+                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                        blocks[idx]["input"] = raw_json
+            elif etype == "message_delta":
+                delta = event.get("delta") or {}
+                if isinstance(delta, dict):
+                    if "stop_reason" in delta:
+                        final_stop_reason = delta.get("stop_reason")
+                    if "stop_sequence" in delta:
+                        final_stop_sequence = delta.get("stop_sequence")
+                usage = event.get("usage")
+                if isinstance(usage, dict):
+                    final_usage.update(usage)
+            # message_stop: nothing to merge
+
+    if not message:
+        # Upstream returned no message_start; expose what we can so the
+        # client at least sees the assembled content.
+        message = {
+            "id": "",
+            "type": "message",
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "content": [],
+        }
+
+    message["content"] = blocks
+    if final_model and not message.get("model"):
+        message["model"] = final_model
+    if final_stop_reason is not None:
+        message["stop_reason"] = final_stop_reason
+    if final_stop_sequence is not None:
+        message["stop_sequence"] = final_stop_sequence
+    if final_usage:
+        existing_usage = message.get("usage")
+        merged = dict(existing_usage) if isinstance(existing_usage, dict) else {}
+        merged.update(final_usage)
+        message["usage"] = merged
+    return message
+
+
+class AnnotatedEvent(NamedTuple):
+    """One Anthropic SSE event after model-rewrite + token-tally bookkeeping.
+
+    ``sse_bytes`` is the wire-ready ``event:`` / ``data:`` block; the two
+    streaming paths in ``BaseUpstreamProvider`` consume ``sse_bytes`` plus
+    the tallies and only differ in whether they stream live or buffer
+    first.
+
+    ``cache_read_input_tokens`` and ``cache_creation_input_tokens`` are
+    surfaced separately so the cost path can price them against the cache
+    rate rather than fold them silently into the regular input bucket.
+
+    ``total_cost`` / ``input_cost`` / ``output_cost`` carry any
+    USD cost figures the upstream attached to this event (from
+    ``usage.cost``, ``usage.total_cost``, or ``usage.cost_details``) so the
+    streaming paths can re-embed them in the rebuilt ``usage`` dict and let
+    ``calculate_cost`` convert directly USD→sats instead of falling back to
+    token-based math.
+    """
+
+    event: dict
+    sse_bytes: bytes
+    input_tokens: int
+    output_tokens: int
+    cache_read_input_tokens: int
+    cache_creation_input_tokens: int
+    total_cost: float
+    input_cost: float
+    output_cost: float
+    model: str | None
+
+
+def annotate_event(event: dict, requested_model: str | None) -> AnnotatedEvent:
+    """Rewrite ``model`` fields and extract per-event token / model info.
+
+    Mutates ``event`` in place when ``requested_model`` is set so the
+    upstream's true model name doesn't leak to the client.
+    """
+    if requested_model:
+        msg = event.get("message")
+        if isinstance(msg, dict) and "model" in msg:
+            msg["model"] = requested_model
+        if "model" in event:
+            event["model"] = requested_model
+
+    in_tokens = 0
+    out_tokens = 0
+    cache_read_tokens = 0
+    cache_create_tokens = 0
+    total_cost = 0.0
+    input_cost = 0.0
+    output_cost = 0.0
+    model: str | None = None
+
+    def _coerce_float(value: object) -> float:
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
+            return 0.0
+        if not isinstance(value, (int, float, str)):
+            return 0.0
+        try:
+            return max(0.0, float(value))
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return 0.0
+
+    def _accumulate(usage: dict) -> None:
+        nonlocal in_tokens, out_tokens, cache_read_tokens, cache_create_tokens
+        nonlocal total_cost, input_cost, output_cost
+        in_tokens += int(usage.get("input_tokens") or 0)
+        out_tokens += int(usage.get("output_tokens") or 0)
+        cache_read_tokens += int(usage.get("cache_read_input_tokens") or 0)
+        cache_create_tokens += int(usage.get("cache_creation_input_tokens") or 0)
+        total_cost += _coerce_float(usage.get("total_cost"))
+        input_cost += _coerce_float(usage.get("input_cost"))
+        output_cost += _coerce_float(usage.get("output_cost"))
+
+    msg_for_meta = event.get("message")
+    if isinstance(msg_for_meta, dict):
+        if msg_for_meta.get("model"):
+            model = str(msg_for_meta["model"])
+        usage = msg_for_meta.get("usage")
+        if isinstance(usage, dict):
+            _accumulate(usage)
+
+    if isinstance(event.get("usage"), dict):
+        _accumulate(event["usage"])
+
+    # Some upstreams (notably OpenRouter-style proxies) attach cost fields
+    # directly at the event root rather than inside ``usage``.
+    for field in ("total_cost", "cost"):
+        total_cost = max(total_cost, _coerce_float(event.get(field)))
+    input_cost = max(input_cost, _coerce_float(event.get("input_cost")))
+    output_cost = max(output_cost, _coerce_float(event.get("output_cost")))
+    root_cost_details = event.get("cost_details")
+    if isinstance(root_cost_details, dict):
+        total_cost = max(
+            total_cost,
+            _coerce_float(root_cost_details.get("total_cost")),
+        )
+        input_cost = max(
+            input_cost,
+            _coerce_float(root_cost_details.get("input_cost")),
+        )
+        output_cost = max(
+            output_cost,
+            _coerce_float(root_cost_details.get("output_cost")),
+        )
+
+    event_type = str(event.get("type") or "")
+    payload = json.dumps(event)
+    if event_type:
+        sse_bytes = f"event: {event_type}\ndata: {payload}\n\n".encode()
+    else:
+        sse_bytes = f"data: {payload}\n\n".encode()
+
+    return AnnotatedEvent(
+        event,
+        sse_bytes,
+        in_tokens,
+        out_tokens,
+        cache_read_tokens,
+        cache_create_tokens,
+        total_cost,
+        input_cost,
+        output_cost,
+        model,
+    )
+
+
+async def stream_annotated_events(
+    iterator: AsyncIterator[Any],
+    requested_model: str | None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[AnnotatedEvent, None]:
+    """Yield annotated, SSE-serialized events from a litellm stream.
+
+    Both streaming paths in ``BaseUpstreamProvider`` consume this; the only
+    divergence between them — yield-as-you-go vs buffer-then-replay — stays
+    in the caller.
+    """
+    sse_buffer = b""
+    async for chunk in iterator:
+        events, sse_buffer = events_from_chunk(chunk, sse_buffer)
+        for event in events:
+            yield annotate_event(event, requested_model)
+
+
+def embed_usd_costs(
+    usage: dict,
+    total_cost: float,
+    input_cost: float,
+    output_cost: float,
+) -> None:
+    """Mutate ``usage`` so ``calculate_cost`` will pick up the USD totals.
+
+    Mirrors the upstream shape: when any USD figure is present, attach
+    ``cost`` (used by the simple-fallback branch in ``calculate_cost``) and
+    a ``cost_details`` block (used by the preferred branch — also gives the
+    input/output USD split when we have one).
+    """
+    if total_cost <= 0 and input_cost <= 0 and output_cost <= 0:
+        return
+
+    cost_details: dict[str, float] = {}
+    effective_total = total_cost
+    if effective_total <= 0 and (input_cost > 0 or output_cost > 0):
+        effective_total = input_cost + output_cost
+
+    if effective_total > 0:
+        cost_details["total_cost"] = effective_total
+        usage["cost"] = effective_total
+    if input_cost > 0:
+        cost_details["input_cost"] = input_cost
+    if output_cost > 0:
+        cost_details["output_cost"] = output_cost
+    if cost_details:
+        usage["cost_details"] = cost_details
+
+
+def compute_refund(amount: int, unit: str, cost_msats: int) -> int:
+    if unit == "msat":
+        return amount - cost_msats
+    if unit == "sat":
+        return amount - (cost_msats + 999) // 1000
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid unit: {unit}")
+
+
+async def dispatch_anthropic_messages(
+    *,
+    request_body: bytes | None,
+    model_obj: Model,
+    base_url: str,
+    api_key: str,
+    provider_prefix: str,
+    transform_model_name: Callable[[str], str],
+    log_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[bool, Any, str | None]:
+    """Call ``litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate`` and return
+    ``(client_stream, result, requested_model)``.
+
+    Shared by the bearer-key and x-cashu paths. Raises :class:`UpstreamError`
+    on bad input or upstream failure.
+    """
+    if not request_body:
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            "Missing request body for /v1/messages", status_code=400
+        )
+
+    try:
+        body: dict = json.loads(request_body)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            f"Invalid JSON in /v1/messages body: {exc}", status_code=400
+        ) from exc
+
+    body.pop("model", None)
+    # `stream` here is what the **client** asked for. Upstream is always
+    # streamed (see `upstream_stream` below); when the client asked for a
+    # non-streaming response we drain and aggregate the events into a
+    # single Anthropic Message dict before returning. This sidesteps
+    # provider-specific non-streaming caps (e.g. Fireworks rejects
+    # `max_tokens > 4096` unless `stream=true`).
+    client_stream = bool(body.pop("stream", False))
+    upstream_stream = True
+
+    dropped: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for field in ANTHROPIC_ONLY_FIELDS:
+        if field in body:
+            dropped[field] = body.pop(field)
+    if dropped:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Dropped anthropic-only fields before litellm dispatch",
+            extra={"dropped_keys": sorted(dropped.keys())},
+        )
+
+    # Convention: `model.id` is the canonical upstream model name;
+    # `forwarded_model_id` is the public alias the internal API exposes
+    # and echoes back to the client.
+    requested_model = (
+        (model_obj.forwarded_model_id or model_obj.id) if model_obj else None
+    )
+    upstream_model = transform_model_name(model_obj.id)
+    litellm_model = f"{provider_prefix}{upstream_model}"
+
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "model": litellm_model,
+        "api_base": base_url,
+        "api_key": api_key,
+        "stream": upstream_stream,
+        **body,
+    }
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Dispatching /v1/messages via litellm",
+        extra={
+            "model": litellm_model,
+            "resolved_provider": provider_prefix.rstrip("/"),
+            "client_stream": client_stream,
+            "upstream_stream": upstream_stream,
+            **(log_extra or {}),
+        },
+    )
+
+    try:
+        result = await litellm.anthropic.messages.acreate(**kwargs)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        exc_message = getattr(exc, "message", None) or str(exc) or repr(exc)
+        exc_status = getattr(exc, "status_code", None)
+        exc_response = getattr(exc, "response", None)
+        response_text = None
+        if exc_response is not None:
+            try:
+                response_text = getattr(exc_response, "text", str(exc_response))
+            except Exception:
+                response_text = "<unreadable>"
+        logger.error(
+            "litellm dispatch failed",
+            extra={
+                "error": exc_message,
+                "error_type": type(exc).__name__,
+                "status_code": exc_status,
+                "llm_provider": getattr(exc, "llm_provider", None),
+                "body": getattr(exc, "body", None),
+                "response_text": response_text,
+                "model": litellm_model,
+                "api_base": base_url,
+            },
+        )
+        raise UpstreamError(
+            f"Upstream error via litellm: {exc_message}",
+            status_code=exc_status if isinstance(exc_status, int) else 502,
+        ) from exc
+
+    if not client_stream and hasattr(result, "__aiter__"):
+        # Client asked for a non-streaming response but we always stream
+        # from upstream — drain the events into a single Anthropic Message
+        # dict so the rest of the pipeline can treat it as if upstream had
+        # returned non-streaming. Some litellm adapters return a
+        # non-streaming dict even when ``stream=True``; in that case,
+        # leave the result as-is.
+        try:
+            aggregated: Any = await aggregate_anthropic_events_to_message(
+                cast(AsyncIterator[Any], result)
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.error(
+                "Failed to aggregate streamed events into message",
+                extra={
+                    "error": str(exc),
+                    "error_type": type(exc).__name__,
+                    "model": litellm_model,
+                },
+            )
+            raise UpstreamError(
+                f"Failed to aggregate upstream stream: {exc}",
+                status_code=502,
+            ) from exc
+        return client_stream, aggregated, requested_model
+
+    return client_stream, result, requested_model

routstr/upstream/ollama.py

@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import httpx
-from fastapi import Request
-from fastapi.responses import Response, StreamingResponse
 
 from .base import BaseUpstreamProvider
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..core.db import ApiKey, AsyncSession, UpstreamProviderRow
+    from ..core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
     from ..payment.models import Model
 
 from ..core.logging import get_logger
@@ -23,6 +21,7 @@ class OllamaUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "ollama"
     default_base_url = "http://localhost:11434"
     platform_url = None
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "ollama_chat/"
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -67,38 +66,11 @@ class OllamaUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
         """Strip 'ollama/' prefix for Ollama API compatibility."""
         return model_id.removeprefix("ollama/")
 
-    async def forward_request(
-        self,
-        request: Request,
-        path: str,
-        headers: dict,
-        request_body: bytes | None,
-        key: ApiKey,
-        max_cost_for_model: int,
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        model_obj: Model,
-    ) -> Response | StreamingResponse:
-        """Override to use OpenAI-compatible endpoint for proxy requests."""
-        if path.startswith("v1/"):
-            path = path.replace("v1/", "")
-
-        original_base_url = self.base_url
-        self.base_url = f"{self.base_url}/v1"
-
-        try:
-            result = await super().forward_request(
-                request,
-                path,
-                headers,
-                request_body,
-                key,
-                max_cost_for_model,
-                session,
-                model_obj,
-            )
-            return result
-        finally:
-            self.base_url = original_base_url
+    def get_request_base_url(
+        self, path: str, model_obj: Model | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Route proxy traffic through Ollama's OpenAI-compatible /v1 endpoint."""
+        return f"{self.base_url.rstrip('/')}/v1"
 
     async def fetch_models(self) -> list[Model]:
         """Fetch models from Ollama API using /api/tags endpoint."""
@@ -213,7 +185,7 @@ class OllamaUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
             except Exception:
                 self._models_cache = models_with_fees
 
-            self._models_by_id = {m.id: m for m in self._models_cache}
+            self._models_by_id = {m.forwarded_model_id or m.id: m for m in self._models_cache}
             logger.info(
                 f"Refreshed models cache for {self.base_url}",
                 extra={"model_count": len(models)},

routstr/upstream/openrouter.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ class OpenRouterUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "openrouter"
     default_base_url = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
     platform_url = "https://openrouter.ai/settings/keys"
+    supports_anthropic_messages = True
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "openrouter/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.06):
         """Initialize OpenRouter provider with API key.

routstr/upstream/perplexity.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class PerplexityUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "perplexity"
     default_base_url = "https://api.perplexity.ai/"
     platform_url = "https://www.perplexity.ai/account/api/keys"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "perplexity/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.01):
         super().__init__(

routstr/upstream/ppqai.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 import httpx
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel, Field
 
 from ..core.logging import get_logger
 from ..payment.models import Architecture, Model, Pricing, async_fetch_openrouter_models
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
 class PPQAIModelPricing(BaseModel):
-    ui: dict[str, float]
-    api: dict[str, float]
+    ui: Optional[dict[str, float]] = None
+    api: Optional[dict[str, float]] = None
+    input_per_1M_tokens: Optional[float] = Field(None, alias="input_per_1M_tokens")
+    output_per_1M_tokens: Optional[float] = Field(None, alias="output_per_1M_tokens")
 
 
 class PPQAIModel(BaseModel):
     id: str
-    provider: str
+    provider: Optional[str] = None
     name: str
     created_at: int
     context_length: int
     pricing: PPQAIModelPricing
-    popular: bool
+    popular: bool = False
 
 
 class PPQAIUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
@@ -134,31 +136,54 @@ class PPQAIUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
                         )
 
                         if or_model:
-                            if input_price := ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
-                                "input_per_1M"
-                            ):
+                            input_price = None
+                            if ppqai_model.pricing.api:
+                                input_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
+                                    "input_per_1M"
+                                )
+                            elif ppqai_model.pricing.input_per_1M_tokens:
+                                input_price = ppqai_model.pricing.input_per_1M_tokens
+
+                            if input_price is not None:
                                 or_model.pricing.prompt = input_price / 1_000_000
-                            if output_price := ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
-                                "output_per_1M"
-                            ):
+
+                            output_price = None
+                            if ppqai_model.pricing.api:
+                                output_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
+                                    "output_per_1M"
+                                )
+                            elif ppqai_model.pricing.output_per_1M_tokens:
+                                output_price = ppqai_model.pricing.output_per_1M_tokens
+
+                            if output_price is not None:
                                 or_model.pricing.completion = output_price / 1_000_000
+
                             if cl := ppqai_model.context_length:
                                 or_model.context_length = cl
                             models.append(or_model)
                         else:
-                            input_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
-                                "input_per_1M", 0.0
-                            )
-                            output_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
-                                "output_per_1M", 0.0
-                            )
+                            input_price = 0.0
+                            if ppqai_model.pricing.api:
+                                input_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
+                                    "input_per_1M", 0.0
+                                )
+                            elif ppqai_model.pricing.input_per_1M_tokens:
+                                input_price = ppqai_model.pricing.input_per_1M_tokens
+
+                            output_price = 0.0
+                            if ppqai_model.pricing.api:
+                                output_price = ppqai_model.pricing.api.get(
+                                    "output_per_1M", 0.0
+                                )
+                            elif ppqai_model.pricing.output_per_1M_tokens:
+                                output_price = ppqai_model.pricing.output_per_1M_tokens
 
                             models.append(
                                 Model(
                                     id=ppqai_model.id,
                                     name=ppqai_model.name,
                                     created=ppqai_model.created_at // 1000,
-                                    description=f"{ppqai_model.provider} model",
+                                    description=f"{ppqai_model.provider or 'PPQ.AI'} model",
                                     context_length=ppqai_model.context_length,
                                     architecture=Architecture(
                                         modality="text->text",
@@ -283,7 +308,6 @@ class PPQAIUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
         )
 
         async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30.0) as client:
-            print(f"Payload: {payload}", "sending to", url)
             response = await client.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
             response.raise_for_status()
             invoice_data = response.json()

routstr/upstream/routstr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+import httpx
+
+from ..core import get_logger
+from ..payment.models import Model
+from .base import BaseUpstreamProvider
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class RoutstrUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
+    """Upstream provider for communicating with another Routstr instance."""
+
+    provider_type = "routstr"
+    default_base_url = None
+    platform_url = None
+    # Upstream Routstr nodes serve `/v1/messages` natively, so forward the
+    # request as-is instead of round-tripping through litellm's
+    # Anthropic→OpenAI translator.
+    supports_anthropic_messages = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base_url: str,
+        api_key: str,
+        provider_fee: float = 1.01,
+        provider_settings: dict | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Initialize Routstr provider.
+
+        Args:
+            base_url: Base URL of the upstream Routstr instance
+            api_key: API key for the upstream Routstr instance
+            provider_fee: Provider fee multiplier
+            provider_settings: Provider-specific settings (auto-topup, etc.)
+        """
+        # Ensure base_url doesn't end with /v1 as BaseUpstreamProvider appends it if needed
+        # but Routstr paths are usually absolute from base.
+        super().__init__(
+            base_url=base_url.rstrip("/"),
+            api_key=api_key,
+            provider_fee=provider_fee,
+        )
+        self.settings = provider_settings or {}
+
+    def normalize_request_path(
+        self, path: str, model_obj: "Model | None" = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Preserve the ``v1/`` prefix when forwarding to an upstream Routstr.
+        """
+        return path.lstrip("/")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_db_row(
+        cls, provider_row: "UpstreamProviderRow"
+    ) -> "RoutstrUpstreamProvider":
+        import json
+
+        settings = {}
+        if provider_row.provider_settings:
+            try:
+                settings = json.loads(provider_row.provider_settings)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        return cls(
+            base_url=provider_row.base_url,
+            api_key=provider_row.api_key,
+            provider_fee=provider_row.provider_fee,
+            provider_settings=settings,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_provider_metadata(cls) -> dict[str, object]:
+        return {
+            "id": cls.provider_type,
+            "name": "Routstr Node",
+            "default_base_url": "",
+            "fixed_base_url": False,
+            "platform_url": cls.platform_url,
+            "can_create_account": False,
+            "can_topup": True,
+            "can_show_balance": True,
+        }
+
+    async def get_balance(self) -> float | None:
+        """Fetch balance from the upstream Routstr node.
+
+        Returns:
+            Balance in satoshis, or None if failed
+        """
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/v1/balance/info"
+        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}"} if self.api_key else {}
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            try:
+                response = await client.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=10.0)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                data = response.json()
+                # Routstr balance info usually contains 'balance' in msats or sats
+                # Check for msats and convert to sats
+                if "balance_msats" in data:
+                    return float(data["balance_msats"]) / 1000.0
+                return float(data.get("balance", 0))
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Failed to fetch balance from upstream Routstr",
+                    extra={"url": url, "error": str(e)},
+                )
+                return None
+
+    async def topup(self, cashu_token: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Top up balance on the upstream Routstr node.
+
+        Args:
+            cashu_token: Cashu token to deposit
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict containing top-up result
+        """
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/v1/balance/topup"
+        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}"}
+        payload = {"cashu_token": cashu_token}
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            try:
+                response = await client.post(
+                    url, headers=headers, json=payload, timeout=30.0
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                return response.json()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Failed to topup upstream Routstr",
+                    extra={"url": url, "error": str(e)},
+                )
+                return {"error": str(e)}
+
+    async def fetch_models(self) -> list[Model]:
+        """Fetch models from the upstream Routstr node."""
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/v1/models"
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            try:
+                response = await client.get(url, headers={}, timeout=15.0)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                data = response.json()
+                models = data.get("data", [])
+                return [Model(**m) for m in models]
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Failed to fetch models from upstream Routstr",
+                    extra={"url": url, "error": str(e)},
+                )
+                return []
+
+    async def refund_balance(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Request a refund from the upstream Routstr node.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict containing refund result and token
+        """
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/v1/balance/refund"
+        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}"}
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            try:
+                response = await client.post(url, headers=headers, timeout=30.0)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                return response.json()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Failed to request refund from upstream Routstr",
+                    extra={"url": url, "error": str(e)},
+                )
+                return {"error": str(e)}

routstr/upstream/xai.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class XAIUpstreamProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
     provider_type = "x-ai"
     default_base_url = "https://api.x.ai/v1"
     platform_url = "https://console.x.ai/"
+    litellm_provider_prefix = "xai/"
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str, provider_fee: float = 1.01):
         super().__init__(

routstr/wallet.py

@@ -1,16 +1,32 @@
 import asyncio
-import math
+import time
+import typing
 from typing import TypedDict
 
 from cashu.core.base import Proof, Token
+from cashu.core.mint_info import MintInfo as _CashuMintInfo
 from cashu.wallet.helpers import deserialize_token_from_string
 from cashu.wallet.wallet import Wallet
-from sqlmodel import col, update
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from sqlmodel import col, select, update
 
 from .core import db, get_logger
+from .core.db import store_cashu_transaction
 from .core.settings import settings
 from .payment.lnurl import raw_send_to_lnurl
 
+# cashu still declares Optional[X] without explicit defaults on MintInfo.
+# Under pydantic v2 those are required, but real mints omit many of them.
+# Default Optional fields to None at import time so balance fetches don't 422.
+for _name, _field in _CashuMintInfo.model_fields.items():
+    _annot = _field.annotation
+    _is_optional = typing.get_origin(_annot) is typing.Union and type(
+        None
+    ) in typing.get_args(_annot)
+    if _is_optional and _field.default is PydanticUndefined:
+        _field.default = None
+_CashuMintInfo.model_rebuild(force=True)
+
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -32,8 +48,11 @@ async def recieve_token(
     if token_obj.mint not in settings.cashu_mints:
         return await swap_to_primary_mint(token_obj, wallet)
 
+    await wallet.load_mint(keyset_id=token_obj.keysets[0])
+
     wallet.verify_proofs_dleq(token_obj.proofs)
     await wallet.split(proofs=token_obj.proofs, amount=0, include_fees=True)
+
     return token_obj.amount, token_obj.unit, token_obj.mint
 
 
@@ -58,15 +77,86 @@ async def send_token(amount: int, unit: str, mint_url: str | None = None) -> str
     return token
 
 
+async def _calculate_swap_amount(
+    amount_msat: int,
+    token_unit: str,
+    token_mint_url: str,
+    token_wallet: Wallet,
+    primary_wallet: Wallet,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Calculate the amount to mint on the primary mint after accounting for
+    potential swap fees (melt fees) on the foreign mint.
+    """
+    if settings.primary_mint_unit == "sat":
+        receive_amount = amount_msat // 1000
+    else:
+        receive_amount = amount_msat
+
+    if token_mint_url == settings.primary_mint:
+        logger.info(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: skipping fee estimation (same mint)",
+            extra={"minted_amount": receive_amount},
+        )
+        return int(receive_amount)
+
+    logger.info(
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: estimating fees",
+        extra={
+            "dummy_amount": receive_amount,
+            "unit": settings.primary_mint_unit,
+        },
+    )
+
+    try:
+        dummy_mint_quote = await primary_wallet.request_mint(receive_amount)
+        dummy_melt_quote = await token_wallet.melt_quote(dummy_mint_quote.request)
+
+        fee_reserve = dummy_melt_quote.fee_reserve
+        if token_unit == "sat":
+            fee_msat = fee_reserve * 1000
+        else:
+            fee_msat = fee_reserve
+
+        amount_msat_after_fee = amount_msat - fee_msat
+
+        if settings.primary_mint_unit == "sat":
+            minted_amount = int(amount_msat_after_fee // 1000)
+        else:
+            minted_amount = int(amount_msat_after_fee)
+
+        if minted_amount <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Fees ({fee_reserve} {token_unit}) exceed token amount")
+
+        logger.info(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: fee estimation result",
+            extra={
+                "token_amount_sat": amount_msat // 1000,
+                "estimated_fee_sat": fee_msat // 1000,
+                "minted_amount": minted_amount,
+                "minted_unit": settings.primary_mint_unit,
+            },
+        )
+        return minted_amount
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: fee estimation failed",
+            extra={"error": str(e)},
+        )
+        raise ValueError(f"Failed to estimate fees: {e}") from e
+
+
 async def swap_to_primary_mint(
     token_obj: Token, token_wallet: Wallet
 ) -> tuple[int, str, str]:
     logger.info(
-        "swap_to_primary_mint",
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: starting",
         extra={
-            "mint": token_obj.mint,
-            "amount": token_obj.amount,
+            "foreign_mint": token_obj.mint,
+            "token_amount": token_obj.amount,
             "unit": token_obj.unit,
+            "primary_mint": settings.primary_mint,
         },
     )
     # Ensure amount is an integer
@@ -81,24 +171,118 @@ async def swap_to_primary_mint(
         amount_msat = token_amount
     else:
         raise ValueError("Invalid unit")
-    estimated_fee_sat = math.ceil(max(amount_msat // 1000 * 0.01, 2)) + 1
-    amount_msat_after_fee = amount_msat - estimated_fee_sat * 1000
     primary_wallet = await get_wallet(settings.primary_mint, settings.primary_mint_unit)
 
-    if settings.primary_mint_unit == "sat":
-        minted_amount = int(amount_msat_after_fee // 1000)
-    else:
-        minted_amount = int(amount_msat_after_fee)
+    # If the token is already from the primary mint, we don't need to swap
+    # and we definitely don't want to calculate or pay fees.
+    if token_obj.mint == settings.primary_mint:
+        logger.info(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: token already on primary mint, skipping swap",
+            extra={
+                "mint": token_obj.mint,
+                "amount": token_amount,
+                "unit": token_obj.unit,
+            },
+        )
+        await token_wallet.split(proofs=token_obj.proofs, amount=0, include_fees=True)
+        return token_amount, token_obj.unit, token_obj.mint
+
+    minted_amount = await _calculate_swap_amount(
+        amount_msat,
+        token_obj.unit,
+        token_obj.mint,
+        token_wallet,
+        primary_wallet,
+    )
+
     mint_quote = await primary_wallet.request_mint(minted_amount)
+    logger.info(
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: mint quote received",
+        extra={"mint_quote_id": mint_quote.quote},
+    )
 
     melt_quote = await token_wallet.melt_quote(mint_quote.request)
-    _ = await token_wallet.melt(
-        proofs=token_obj.proofs,
-        invoice=mint_quote.request,
-        fee_reserve_sat=melt_quote.fee_reserve,
-        quote_id=melt_quote.quote,
+    total_needed = melt_quote.amount + melt_quote.fee_reserve
+    logger.info(
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: melt quote received",
+        extra={
+            "melt_quote_id": melt_quote.quote,
+            "melt_amount": melt_quote.amount,
+            "melt_fee_reserve": melt_quote.fee_reserve,
+            "total_needed": total_needed,
+            "token_amount": token_amount,
+        },
+    )
+
+    if total_needed > token_amount:
+        logger.warning(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: insufficient token amount for melt fees",
+            extra={
+                "token_amount": token_amount,
+                "melt_amount": melt_quote.amount,
+                "melt_fee_reserve": melt_quote.fee_reserve,
+                "total_needed": total_needed,
+                "shortfall": total_needed - token_amount,
+            },
+        )
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Token amount ({token_amount} {token_obj.unit}) is insufficient to cover "
+            f"melt fees. Needed: {total_needed} {token_obj.unit} "
+            f"(amount: {melt_quote.amount} + fee: {melt_quote.fee_reserve})"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        _ = await token_wallet.melt(
+            proofs=token_obj.proofs,
+            invoice=mint_quote.request,
+            fee_reserve_sat=melt_quote.fee_reserve,
+            quote_id=melt_quote.quote,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: melt failed",
+            extra={
+                "error": str(e),
+                "error_type": type(e).__name__,
+                "foreign_mint": token_obj.mint,
+                "token_amount": token_amount,
+                "melt_quote_id": melt_quote.quote,
+                "total_needed": total_needed,
+            },
+        )
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Failed to melt token from foreign mint {token_obj.mint}: {e}"
+        ) from e
+
+    logger.info(
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: melt succeeded, minting on primary",
+        extra={"minted_amount": minted_amount, "mint_quote_id": mint_quote.quote},
+    )
+
+    try:
+        _ = await primary_wallet.mint(minted_amount, quote_id=mint_quote.quote)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "swap_to_primary_mint: mint on primary failed after successful melt",
+            extra={
+                "error": str(e),
+                "error_type": type(e).__name__,
+                "minted_amount": minted_amount,
+                "mint_quote_id": mint_quote.quote,
+            },
+        )
+        raise
+
+    logger.info(
+        "swap_to_primary_mint: completed successfully",
+        extra={
+            "foreign_mint": token_obj.mint,
+            "primary_mint": settings.primary_mint,
+            "original_amount": token_amount,
+            "minted_amount": minted_amount,
+            "unit": settings.primary_mint_unit,
+        },
     )
-    _ = await primary_wallet.mint(minted_amount, quote_id=mint_quote.quote)
 
     return int(minted_amount), settings.primary_mint_unit, settings.primary_mint
 
@@ -113,6 +297,8 @@ async def credit_balance(
 
     try:
         amount, unit, mint_url = await recieve_token(cashu_token)
+        original_amount = amount
+        original_unit = unit
         logger.info(
             "credit_balance: Token redeemed successfully",
             extra={"amount": amount, "unit": unit, "mint_url": mint_url},
@@ -144,7 +330,20 @@ async def credit_balance(
             extra={"new_balance": key.balance},
         )
 
-        logger.info(
+        try:
+            await store_cashu_transaction(
+                token=cashu_token,
+                amount=original_amount,
+                unit=original_unit,
+                mint_url=mint_url,
+                typ="in",
+                source="apikey",
+                api_key_hashed_key=key.hashed_key,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        logger.debug(
             "Cashu token successfully redeemed and stored",
             extra={"amount": amount, "unit": unit, "mint_url": mint_url},
         )
@@ -305,11 +504,11 @@ async def fetch_all_balances(
 
 
 async def periodic_payout() -> None:
-    if not settings.receive_ln_address:
-        logger.error("RECEIVE_LN_ADDRESS is not set, skipping payout")
-        return
     while True:
-        await asyncio.sleep(60 * 15)
+        await asyncio.sleep(settings.payout_interval_seconds)
+        print(settings.payout_interval_seconds)
+        if not settings.receive_ln_address:
+            continue
         try:
             async with db.create_session() as session:
                 for mint_url in settings.cashu_mints:
@@ -327,7 +526,12 @@ async def periodic_payout() -> None:
                             user_balance = user_balance // 1000
                         proofs_balance = sum(proof.amount for proof in proofs)
                         available_balance = proofs_balance - user_balance
-                        min_amount = 210 if unit == "sat" else 210000
+                        # Threshold is configured in sats; convert for msat wallets.
+                        min_amount = (
+                            settings.min_payout_sat
+                            if unit == "sat"
+                            else settings.min_payout_sat * 1000
+                        )
                         if available_balance > min_amount:
                             amount_received = await raw_send_to_lnurl(
                                 wallet,
@@ -352,6 +556,101 @@ async def periodic_payout() -> None:
             )
 
 
+async def periodic_refund_sweep() -> None:
+    while True:
+        await asyncio.sleep(60 * 60)  # every hour
+        try:
+            cutoff = int(time.time()) - settings.refund_sweep_ttl_seconds
+            async with db.create_session() as session:
+                stmt = select(db.CashuTransaction).where(
+                    db.CashuTransaction.type == "out",
+                    db.CashuTransaction.collected == False,  # noqa: E712
+                    db.CashuTransaction.swept == False,  # noqa: E712
+                    db.CashuTransaction.created_at < cutoff,
+                )
+                results = await session.exec(stmt)
+                refunds = results.all()
+
+                for refund in refunds:
+                    try:
+                        await recieve_token(refund.token)
+                        refund.swept = True
+                        session.add(refund)
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Swept uncollected refund",
+                            extra={
+                                "id": refund.id,
+                                "amount": refund.amount,
+                                "unit": refund.unit,
+                            },
+                        )
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        error_msg = str(e).lower()
+                        if "already spent" in error_msg:
+                            refund.collected = True
+                            session.add(refund)
+                            logger.info(
+                                "Refund already spent (client collected), marking swept",
+                                extra={
+                                    "id": refund.id,
+                                },
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            logger.warning(
+                                "Failed to sweep refund",
+                                extra={
+                                    "id": refund.id,
+                                    "error": str(e),
+                                },
+                            )
+                await session.commit()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                "Error in periodic refund sweep",
+                extra={"error": str(e), "error_type": type(e).__name__},
+            )
+
+
+async def periodic_routstr_fee_payout() -> None:
+    from .auth import (
+        ROUTSTR_FEE_DEFAULT_PAYOUT,
+        ROUTSTR_FEE_PAYOUT_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
+        ROUTSTR_LN_ADDRESS,
+    )
+
+    if not ROUTSTR_LN_ADDRESS:
+        logger.info("ROUTSTR_LN_ADDRESS not set, skipping fee payout")
+        return
+    while True:
+        await asyncio.sleep(ROUTSTR_FEE_PAYOUT_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+        try:
+            async with db.create_session() as session:
+                fee = await db.get_routstr_fee(session)
+                accumulated_sats = fee.accumulated_msats // 1000
+                if accumulated_sats >= ROUTSTR_FEE_DEFAULT_PAYOUT:
+                    wallet = await get_wallet(settings.primary_mint, "sat")
+                    proofs = get_proofs_per_mint_and_unit(
+                        wallet, settings.primary_mint, "sat", not_reserved=True
+                    )
+                    amount_received = await raw_send_to_lnurl(
+                        wallet, proofs, ROUTSTR_LN_ADDRESS, "sat", amount=accumulated_sats
+                    )
+                    paid_msats = accumulated_sats * 1000
+                    await db.reset_routstr_fee(session, paid_msats)
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Routstr fee payout sent",
+                        extra={
+                            "accumulated_sats": accumulated_sats,
+                            "amount_received": amount_received,
+                        },
+                    )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                f"Error in Routstr fee payout: {type(e).__name__}",
+                extra={"error": str(e)},
+            )
+
+
 async def send_to_lnurl(amount: int, unit: str, mint: str, address: str) -> int:
     wallet = await get_wallet(mint, unit)
     proofs = wallet._get_proofs_per_keyset(wallet.proofs)[wallet.keyset_id]

tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -380,6 +380,13 @@ async def integration_session(
         yield session
 
 
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def patched_db_engine(integration_engine: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
+    """Patch the global db engine so create_session() uses the test engine."""
+    with patch("routstr.core.db.engine", integration_engine):
+        yield
+
+
 class DatabaseSnapshot:
     """Utility to capture and compare database states"""
 

tests/integration/test_admin_provider_balance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.core.admin import admin_sessions
+from routstr.core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
+
+
+async def _create_routstr_provider() -> UpstreamProviderRow:
+    return UpstreamProviderRow(
+        provider_type="routstr",
+        base_url="https://upstream.example",
+        api_key="",
+        enabled=True,
+    )
+
+
+def _admin_headers() -> dict[str, str]:
+    token = "test-admin-token"
+    admin_sessions[token] = int(
+        (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp()
+    )
+    return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_admin_routstr_provider_balance_timeout_returns_504(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    provider = await _create_routstr_provider()
+    integration_session.add(provider)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+    await integration_session.refresh(provider)
+
+    request = httpx.Request("GET", f"{provider.base_url}/v1/balance/info")
+    timeout_error = httpx.ConnectTimeout("Connect timeout", request=request)
+
+    with patch(
+        "httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport.handle_async_request",
+        new=AsyncMock(side_effect=timeout_error),
+    ):
+        response = await integration_client.get(
+            f"/admin/api/upstream-providers/{provider.id}/balance",
+            headers=_admin_headers(),
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 504
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "Timed out contacting upstream Routstr provider"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_admin_routstr_provider_balance_request_error_returns_502(
+    integration_client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    provider = await _create_routstr_provider()
+    integration_session.add(provider)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+    await integration_session.refresh(provider)
+
+    request = httpx.Request("GET", f"{provider.base_url}/v1/balance/info")
+    request_error = httpx.ConnectError("Connection failed", request=request)
+
+    with patch(
+        "httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport.handle_async_request",
+        new=AsyncMock(side_effect=request_error),
+    ):
+        response = await integration_client.get(
+            f"/admin/api/upstream-providers/{provider.id}/balance",
+            headers=_admin_headers(),
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 502
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "Failed to contact upstream Routstr provider"

tests/integration/test_balance_negative_on_cost_overrun.py

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+"""
+Integration tests for the balance-goes-negative bug in adjust_payment_for_tokens.
+
+Root cause: when actual token cost exceeds the discounted reservation
+(cost_difference > 0, caused by tolerance_percentage discounting the reservation),
+the finalization UPDATE had no WHERE guard on balance, allowing balance to go negative.
+
+Fix: added `.where(col(ApiKey.balance) >= total_cost_msats)` so the UPDATE is a no-op
+when balance is insufficient, then falls back to charging only deducted_max_cost.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.payment.cost_calculation import CostData
+
+
+def _make_key(balance: int, reserved: int) -> ApiKey:
+    return ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=f"test_{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
+        balance=balance,
+        reserved_balance=reserved,
+        total_spent=0,
+        total_requests=1,
+    )
+
+
+async def _refresh(session: AsyncSession, key: ApiKey) -> ApiKey:
+    await session.refresh(key)
+    return key
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helper: build a CostData where token cost > deducted_max_cost
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _cost_data(total_msats: int) -> CostData:
+    return CostData(
+        base_msats=0,
+        input_msats=total_msats // 2,
+        output_msats=total_msats - total_msats // 2,
+        total_msats=total_msats,
+        total_usd=0.0,
+        input_tokens=100,
+        output_tokens=100,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 1 — exact reproduction of the bug
+#
+# Setup: balance == deducted_max_cost (user has just enough for the reservation,
+#         nothing extra). Actual token cost is 1% higher (tolerance_percentage).
+#
+# Before fix: balance -= total_cost_msats → goes negative.
+# After fix:  WHERE balance >= total_cost_msats fails → fallback charges
+#             deducted_max_cost → balance reaches 0, never negative.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_balance_never_negative_when_cost_exceeds_reservation(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Balance must not go negative when actual token cost > discounted reservation."""
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 990  # reserved (1% below true max of 1000)
+    actual_token_cost = 1000  # actual cost at true max
+
+    # User has balance exactly equal to the reservation — tight budget
+    key = _make_key(balance=deducted_max_cost, reserved=deducted_max_cost)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    response_data = {"model": "test-model", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 100, "completion_tokens": 100}}
+
+    with patch(
+        "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+        return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+    ):
+        await adjust_payment_for_tokens(key, response_data, integration_session, deducted_max_cost)
+
+    await _refresh(integration_session, key)
+
+    assert key.balance >= 0, f"Balance went negative: {key.balance}"
+    assert key.reserved_balance >= 0, f"Reserved balance went negative: {key.reserved_balance}"
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0, "Reservation must be fully released after finalization"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 2 — balance is ZERO after the reservation is accounted for
+#           (absolute floor case)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_balance_floor_at_zero_on_overrun(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """When balance exactly covers deducted_max_cost and cost overruns, balance reaches 0 not negative."""
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 500
+    actual_token_cost = 550  # 10% overrun
+
+    key = _make_key(balance=500, reserved=500)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    response_data = {"model": "test-model", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 50, "completion_tokens": 50}}
+
+    with patch(
+        "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+        return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+    ):
+        await adjust_payment_for_tokens(key, response_data, integration_session, deducted_max_cost)
+
+    await _refresh(integration_session, key)
+
+    assert key.balance == 0, (
+        f"Expected balance=0 (charged deducted_max_cost fallback), got {key.balance}"
+    )
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0, f"Reserved balance should be 0, got {key.reserved_balance}"
+    # Fallback charges deducted_max_cost
+    assert key.total_spent == deducted_max_cost, (
+        f"Expected total_spent={deducted_max_cost}, got {key.total_spent}"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 3 — balance has enough room: full token cost should be charged
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_full_cost_charged_when_balance_sufficient_for_overrun(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """When balance covers total_cost_msats, the full amount is charged (not just deducted_max_cost)."""
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 990
+    actual_token_cost = 1000
+
+    # User has extra balance beyond the reservation
+    key = _make_key(balance=2000, reserved=990)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    response_data = {"model": "test-model", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 100, "completion_tokens": 100}}
+
+    with patch(
+        "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+        return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+    ):
+        await adjust_payment_for_tokens(key, response_data, integration_session, deducted_max_cost)
+
+    await _refresh(integration_session, key)
+
+    assert key.balance >= 0, f"Balance went negative: {key.balance}"
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0, f"Reservation not released: {key.reserved_balance}"
+    assert key.total_spent == actual_token_cost, (
+        f"Expected full charge of {actual_token_cost}, got {key.total_spent}"
+    )
+    assert key.balance == 2000 - actual_token_cost, (
+        f"Expected balance={2000 - actual_token_cost}, got {key.balance}"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 4 — concurrent finalizations with cost overrun
+#
+# Multiple requests finish concurrently. Each has a small overrun.
+# None should drive balance negative.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_concurrent_cost_overruns_never_negative(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+    patched_db_engine: None,
+) -> None:
+    """Concurrent finalization with cost overruns must never produce negative balance."""
+    import asyncio
+
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens, pay_for_request
+    from routstr.core.db import create_session
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 990
+    actual_token_cost = 1000
+    n_requests = 5
+
+    # Fund the key with exactly enough for n_requests reservations + a tiny buffer
+    starting_balance = deducted_max_cost * n_requests
+    key_hash = f"test_concurrent_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        key = ApiKey(
+            hashed_key=key_hash,
+            balance=starting_balance,
+            reserved_balance=0,
+            total_spent=0,
+            total_requests=0,
+        )
+        session.add(key)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    # Reserve n_requests slots (sequentially, as pay_for_request is atomic)
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        key_to_reserve = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+        assert key_to_reserve is not None
+        for _ in range(n_requests):
+            await pay_for_request(key_to_reserve, deducted_max_cost, session)
+            await session.refresh(key_to_reserve)
+
+    # Now finalize all concurrently with cost overrun
+    async def finalize() -> None:
+        response_data = {
+            "model": "test-model",
+            "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 100, "completion_tokens": 100},
+        }
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            fresh_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+            assert fresh_key is not None
+            with patch(
+                "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+                return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+            ):
+                await adjust_payment_for_tokens(
+                    fresh_key, response_data, session, deducted_max_cost
+                )
+
+    await asyncio.gather(*[finalize() for _ in range(n_requests)])
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        final_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+        assert final_key is not None
+
+    assert final_key.balance >= 0, (
+        f"Balance went negative after concurrent overruns: {final_key.balance}"
+    )
+    assert final_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance not fully released: {final_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert final_key.total_spent <= starting_balance, (
+        f"Total spent ({final_key.total_spent}) exceeds starting balance ({starting_balance})"
+    )
+    # Every request must have been charged at least deducted_max_cost — no free inference.
+    assert final_key.total_spent == starting_balance, (
+        f"Expected total_spent={starting_balance} (all {n_requests} reservations charged), "
+        f"got {final_key.total_spent} — at least one request got free inference"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 5 — overrun with no balance at all (reserved_balance == balance)
+#           simulates a user who topped up to exactly the reservation floor
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_zero_free_balance_overrun_is_safe(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """User with zero free balance (all reserved) should never go negative on overrun."""
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 1000
+    actual_token_cost = 1050
+
+    # balance == reserved_balance: zero free balance
+    key = _make_key(balance=1000, reserved=1000)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    response_data = {"model": "test-model", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 50, "completion_tokens": 100}}
+
+    with patch(
+        "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+        return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+    ):
+        await adjust_payment_for_tokens(key, response_data, integration_session, deducted_max_cost)
+
+    await _refresh(integration_session, key)
+
+    assert key.balance >= 0, f"Balance went negative: {key.balance}"
+    assert key.reserved_balance >= 0, f"Reserved balance went negative: {key.reserved_balance}"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 6 — parallel requests: second finalization must not get free inference
+#
+# Root cause of the bug fixed in auth.py:
+#   `.where(col(ApiKey.balance) >= total_cost_msats)` ignores other requests'
+#   reservations, so after Request A charges total_cost_msats, balance can drop
+#   below deducted_max_cost, causing Request B's fallback to release for free.
+#
+# Fix: use `balance - reserved_balance + deducted_max_cost >= total_cost_msats`
+#   so the check accounts for concurrent reservations.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_parallel_requests_no_free_inference(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+    patched_db_engine: None,
+) -> None:
+    """Second parallel finalization must be charged even when first depleted free balance."""
+    import asyncio
+
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+    from routstr.core.db import create_session
+
+    deducted_max_cost = 100
+    actual_token_cost = 150  # overrun: 50 more than reserved
+
+    # Fund the key with exactly 2 * deducted_max_cost.
+    # Both requests pre-reserved 100 each → balance=200, reserved=200, free=0.
+    # Old check (balance >= total_cost_msats):
+    #   Request A: 200 >= 150 ✓ → charges 150 → balance=50, reserved=100
+    #   Request B: 50 >= 150 ✗ → fallback: 50 >= 100 ✗ → releases FREE
+    # New check (balance - reserved + deducted >= total_cost_msats):
+    #   Both fall to fallback (0 free balance).
+    #   Both charge deducted_max_cost=100 → total_spent=200, balance=0.
+    starting_balance = deducted_max_cost * 2
+    key_hash = f"test_parallel_no_free_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        key = ApiKey(
+            hashed_key=key_hash,
+            balance=starting_balance,
+            reserved_balance=deducted_max_cost * 2,  # both slots pre-reserved
+            total_spent=0,
+            total_requests=2,
+        )
+        session.add(key)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    async def finalize() -> None:
+        response_data = {
+            "model": "test-model",
+            "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 50, "completion_tokens": 100},
+        }
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            fresh_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+            assert fresh_key is not None
+            with patch(
+                "routstr.auth.calculate_cost",
+                return_value=_cost_data(actual_token_cost),
+            ):
+                await adjust_payment_for_tokens(
+                    fresh_key, response_data, session, deducted_max_cost
+                )
+
+    await asyncio.gather(finalize(), finalize())
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        final_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+        assert final_key is not None
+
+    assert final_key.balance >= 0, f"Balance went negative: {final_key.balance}"
+    assert final_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance not released: {final_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    # Both requests must have been charged — no free inference.
+    assert final_key.total_spent == starting_balance, (
+        f"Expected total_spent={starting_balance} (both reservations charged), "
+        f"got {final_key.total_spent} — one request got free inference"
+    )

tests/integration/test_child_keys_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wallet_info_returns_child_keys(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    authenticated_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that GET /v1/wallet/info returns child keys for a parent key"""
+
+    # 1. Get parent info to find its hashed_key
+    response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/info")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    parent_data = response.json()
+    parent_data["api_key"]
+
+    # 2. Create child keys for this parent
+    # We need to use the parent's authentication for this
+    child_payload = {"count": 2, "balance_limit": 1000, "balance_limit_reset": "daily"}
+    create_response = await authenticated_client.post(
+        "/v1/wallet/child-key", json=child_payload
+    )
+    assert create_response.status_code == 200
+    create_data = create_response.json()
+    child_keys = create_data["api_keys"]
+    assert len(child_keys) == 2
+
+    # 3. Call /info again and check for child_keys
+    info_response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/info")
+    assert info_response.status_code == 200
+    info_data = info_response.json()
+
+    assert "child_keys" in info_data
+    assert len(info_data["child_keys"]) == 2
+
+    # Verify child key details
+    for ck in info_data["child_keys"]:
+        assert ck["api_key"] in child_keys
+        assert ck["balance_limit"] == 1000
+        assert ck["balance_limit_reset"] == "daily"
+        assert "total_spent" in ck
+        assert "total_requests" in ck
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wallet_info_child_key_no_child_keys(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    authenticated_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that GET /v1/wallet/info for a child key does NOT return child_keys"""
+
+    # 1. Create a child key
+    child_payload = {"count": 1}
+    create_response = await authenticated_client.post(
+        "/v1/wallet/child-key", json=child_payload
+    )
+    assert create_response.status_code == 200
+    child_key = create_response.json()["api_keys"][0]
+
+    # 2. Use the child key to get its info
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {child_key}"
+    info_response = await integration_client.get("/v1/wallet/info")
+    assert info_response.status_code == 200
+    info_data = info_response.json()
+
+    assert info_data["is_child"] is True
+    assert "child_keys" not in info_data
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_account_info_root_returns_child_keys(
+    authenticated_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that GET / returns child keys for a parent key (root endpoint)"""
+
+    # 1. Create a child key
+    child_payload = {"count": 1}
+    await authenticated_client.post("/v1/wallet/child-key", json=child_payload)
+
+    # 2. Call root endpoint /v1/balance/
+    # Note: routstr/balance.py defines router = APIRouter()
+    # and it is included in balance_router with prefix /v1/balance
+    # The endpoint is @router.get("/")
+    response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/balance/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+
+    assert "child_keys" in data
+    assert len(data["child_keys"]) >= 1

tests/integration/test_cli_tokens.py

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+"""Integration tests for CLI token management (/admin/api/cli-tokens).
+
+Covers:
+- GET    /admin/api/cli-tokens           — list (preview only, no full token)
+- POST   /admin/api/cli-tokens           — create (returns full token once)
+- DELETE /admin/api/cli-tokens/{id}      — revoke
+- Using a CLI token as Bearer auth against admin endpoints
+- Expiry enforcement (expired tokens are rejected by require_admin_api)
+- last_used_at bump on successful use
+- Auth failures: missing token, wrong token, revoked token
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import secrets
+import time
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+from sqlmodel import select
+
+from routstr.core.admin import admin_sessions
+from routstr.core.db import AsyncSession, CliToken
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Fixtures
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def admin_session_token() -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+    """Inject a short-lived admin session token into admin_sessions."""
+    token = secrets.token_urlsafe(24)
+    admin_sessions[token] = int(time.time()) + 3600
+    yield token
+    admin_sessions.pop(token, None)
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def admin_client(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient, admin_session_token: str
+) -> AsyncClient:
+    """An integration_client pre-authenticated with an admin session token."""
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {admin_session_token}"
+    return integration_client
+
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Creation
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_cli_token_returns_full_token_once(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    """POST /admin/api/cli-tokens returns the raw token only on creation."""
+    resp = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens",
+        json={"name": "my-laptop"},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    body = resp.json()
+
+    assert body["name"] == "my-laptop"
+    assert isinstance(body["id"], str) and body["id"]
+    assert isinstance(body["token"], str) and len(body["token"]) >= 32
+    assert body["expires_at"] is None
+    assert isinstance(body["created_at"], int)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_cli_token_with_expiry(admin_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    """expires_in_days sets expires_at ~= now + days * 86400."""
+    before = int(time.time())
+    resp = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens",
+        json={"name": "ci-runner", "expires_in_days": 7},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    body = resp.json()
+
+    assert body["expires_at"] is not None
+    delta = body["expires_at"] - before
+    # Allow 10s jitter around 7 * 86400
+    assert 7 * 86400 - 10 <= delta <= 7 * 86400 + 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_cli_token_rejects_empty_name(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    resp = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": "   "}
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 400
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_cli_token_requires_admin(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    """No admin token / no bearer → 403."""
+    resp = await integration_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": "no-auth"}
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Listing
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_list_cli_tokens_returns_preview_not_full_token(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    """Listing never leaks the raw token."""
+    create = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": "secret-keeper"}
+    )
+    assert create.status_code == 200
+    full_token = create.json()["token"]
+
+    resp = await admin_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    items = resp.json()
+    assert any(t["name"] == "secret-keeper" for t in items)
+
+    for t in items:
+        # No 'token' field, only 'token_preview'
+        assert "token" not in t
+        assert "token_preview" in t
+        assert full_token not in t["token_preview"]
+        assert "..." in t["token_preview"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_list_cli_tokens_requires_admin(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    resp = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Using a CLI token as admin auth
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cli_token_authorizes_admin_endpoints(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """A freshly-created CLI token can be used as Bearer on admin endpoints."""
+    create = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": "cli-auth"}
+    )
+    assert create.status_code == 200
+    cli_token = create.json()["token"]
+    token_id = create.json()["id"]
+
+    # Use a NEW client to isolate the header from admin_session_token
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {cli_token}"
+    resp = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+
+    # last_used_at should be populated after use
+    row = await integration_session.get(CliToken, token_id)
+    assert row is not None
+    assert row.last_used_at is not None
+    assert row.last_used_at >= row.created_at
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_expired_cli_token_is_rejected(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """A CLI token with expires_at in the past → 403."""
+    create = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens",
+        json={"name": "will-expire", "expires_in_days": 1},
+    )
+    assert create.status_code == 200
+    cli_token = create.json()["token"]
+    token_id = create.json()["id"]
+
+    # Force-expire it in the DB
+    row = await integration_session.get(CliToken, token_id)
+    assert row is not None
+    row.expires_at = int(time.time()) - 1
+    integration_session.add(row)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {cli_token}"
+    resp = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_invalid_bearer_token_is_rejected(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = "Bearer not-a-real-token"
+    resp = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Revocation
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revoke_cli_token_removes_auth(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """After DELETE, the token no longer authorizes."""
+    create = await admin_client.post(
+        "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": "to-revoke"}
+    )
+    token_id = create.json()["id"]
+    cli_token = create.json()["token"]
+
+    revoke = await admin_client.delete(f"/admin/api/cli-tokens/{token_id}")
+    assert revoke.status_code == 200
+    assert revoke.json() == {"ok": True, "deleted_id": token_id}
+
+    # Row is gone
+    row = await integration_session.get(CliToken, token_id)
+    assert row is None
+
+    # Can no longer be used for auth
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {cli_token}"
+    resp = await integration_client.get("/admin/api/cli-tokens")
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revoke_unknown_cli_token_returns_404(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    resp = await admin_client.delete("/admin/api/cli-tokens/does-not-exist")
+    assert resp.status_code == 404
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revoke_cli_token_requires_admin(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    resp = await integration_client.delete("/admin/api/cli-tokens/anything")
+    assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Lifecycle / uniqueness
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_multiple_tokens_are_independent(
+    admin_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Creating N tokens yields N unique tokens that all live in DB."""
+    names = ["dev-a", "dev-b", "dev-c"]
+    raw_tokens: list[str] = []
+    ids: list[str] = []
+    for name in names:
+        r = await admin_client.post(
+            "/admin/api/cli-tokens", json={"name": name}
+        )
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+        raw_tokens.append(r.json()["token"])
+        ids.append(r.json()["id"])
+
+    # All unique
+    assert len(set(raw_tokens)) == len(raw_tokens)
+    assert len(set(ids)) == len(ids)
+
+    # All in DB
+    result = await integration_session.exec(
+        select(CliToken).where(CliToken.name.in_(names))  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    rows = result.all()
+    assert {r.name for r in rows} == set(names)

tests/integration/test_insufficient_balance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+"""
+Tests showing how a user hits "Insufficient balance: X mSats required for this model"
+when their balance is too low for the model's cost.
+
+The log line that triggered this:
+  WARNING  Insufficient billing balance during validation
+  ERROR    Bearer token validation failed: HTTPException: 402:
+           {'error': {'message': 'Insufficient balance: 622888 mSats required
+           for this model. 20320 available.', ...}}
+
+This happens in validate_bearer_key (auth.py) when:
+  billing_key.total_balance < min_cost   (model's max cost)
+
+and also in pay_for_request when the atomic UPDATE finds no available balance.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+
+
+def _key(balance: int, reserved: int = 0) -> ApiKey:
+    return ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=f"test_{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
+        balance=balance,
+        reserved_balance=reserved,
+        total_spent=0,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 1 — simplest case: balance < model cost → pay_for_request raises 402
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pay_for_request_raises_402_when_balance_too_low(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    User has 20_000 msats. Model costs 622_888 msats.
+    pay_for_request must raise HTTP 402 with a clear message.
+    """
+    from routstr.auth import pay_for_request
+
+    model_cost = 622_888
+    user_balance = 20_000
+
+    key = _key(balance=user_balance)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await pay_for_request(key, model_cost, integration_session)
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+    detail = exc_info.value.detail
+    assert isinstance(detail, dict)
+    error = detail["error"]
+    assert error["code"] == "insufficient_balance"
+    assert str(model_cost) in error["message"]
+    assert str(user_balance) in error["message"]
+
+    # Balance must be untouched
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.balance == user_balance
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 2 — balance is zero
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pay_for_request_raises_402_on_zero_balance(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """User with zero balance cannot make any request."""
+    from routstr.auth import pay_for_request
+
+    key = _key(balance=0)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await pay_for_request(key, 1_000, integration_session)
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+    detail = exc_info.value.detail
+    assert isinstance(detail, dict)
+    assert detail["error"]["code"] == "insufficient_balance"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 3 — all balance is reserved (total_balance = balance - reserved = 0)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pay_for_request_raises_402_when_all_balance_reserved(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    User has 50_000 msats balance but 50_000 is already reserved for in-flight
+    requests. Free balance (total_balance) = 0. Should get 402.
+    """
+    from routstr.auth import pay_for_request
+
+    key = _key(balance=50_000, reserved=50_000)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await pay_for_request(key, 1_000, integration_session)
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+    # Balance and reserved must be untouched
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.balance == 50_000
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 50_000
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 4 — balance just one msat below model cost
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pay_for_request_raises_402_one_msat_short(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Off-by-one: balance is exactly model_cost - 1."""
+    from routstr.auth import pay_for_request
+
+    model_cost = 10_000
+    key = _key(balance=model_cost - 1)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await pay_for_request(key, model_cost, integration_session)
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.balance == model_cost - 1   # untouched
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 5 — balance exactly equal to model cost → succeeds
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pay_for_request_succeeds_when_balance_equals_cost(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Balance == model cost: the request should be reserved successfully."""
+    from routstr.auth import pay_for_request
+
+    model_cost = 10_000
+    key = _key(balance=model_cost)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # Should not raise
+    await pay_for_request(key, model_cost, integration_session)
+
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.reserved_balance == model_cost
+    assert key.balance == model_cost   # balance unchanged, only reserved goes up
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 6 — HTTP layer returns 402 JSON with the right shape
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_http_402_response_shape_on_insufficient_balance(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    End-to-end: POST /v1/chat/completions with a key whose balance is far below
+    the mocked model cost returns HTTP 402 with the expected JSON error body.
+
+    Matches exactly the log snippet in the bug report:
+      'Insufficient balance: X mSats required for this model. Y available.'
+    """
+    from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+    model_cost = 622_888
+    user_balance = 20_320
+
+    key = _key(balance=user_balance)
+    integration_session.add(key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # Minimal model stub so proxy routing doesn't 400 before reaching balance check
+    mock_model = MagicMock()
+    mock_model.sats_pricing = None
+
+    # Upstream stub — never reached because balance check fires first
+    mock_upstream = MagicMock()
+    mock_upstream.prepare_headers = MagicMock(return_value={})
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.proxy.get_model_instance", return_value=mock_model),
+        patch("routstr.proxy.get_provider_for_model", return_value=[mock_upstream]),
+        # Patch where it is used (proxy imports it at module level)
+        patch(
+            "routstr.proxy.get_max_cost_for_model",
+            new=AsyncMock(return_value=model_cost),
+        ),
+    ):
+        response = await integration_client.post(
+            "/v1/chat/completions",
+            headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer sk-{key.hashed_key}"},
+            json={
+                "model": "gpt-4o",
+                "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}],
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 402
+    body = response.json()
+    # FastAPI wraps HTTPException detail under "detail"
+    error = body["detail"]["error"]
+    assert error["code"] == "insufficient_balance"
+    assert error["type"] == "insufficient_quota"
+    assert str(model_cost) in error["message"]
+    assert str(user_balance) in error["message"]
+
+    # Balance must be completely untouched
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.balance == user_balance
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0
+    assert key.total_spent == 0

tests/integration/test_provider_fee_enforcement.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, cast
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.core.db import AsyncSession, ModelRow, UpstreamProviderRow
+from routstr.payment.models import Architecture, Model, Pricing
+from routstr.proxy import refresh_model_maps
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_enforce_lowest_provider_fee_for_same_url(
+    integration_session: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that the algorithm selects the provider with the lowest fee when URLs match."""
+
+    # 1. Create two providers with the same URL but different fees
+    url = "https://api.example.com"
+    p1 = UpstreamProviderRow(
+        provider_type="custom",
+        base_url=url,
+        api_key="key1",
+        enabled=True,
+        provider_fee=1.01,
+    )
+    p2 = UpstreamProviderRow(
+        provider_type="custom",
+        base_url=url,
+        api_key="key2",
+        enabled=True,
+        provider_fee=1.05,
+    )
+
+    integration_session.add(p1)
+    integration_session.add(p2)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+    await integration_session.refresh(p1)
+    await integration_session.refresh(p2)
+
+    assert p1.id is not None
+    assert p2.id is not None
+
+    # 2. Add a model for each provider
+    m1 = ModelRow(
+        id="model-a",
+        name="Model A",
+        created=1,
+        description="desc",
+        context_length=100,
+        architecture='{"modality": "text", "input_modalities": ["text"], "output_modalities": ["text"], "tokenizer": "tiktoken", "instruct_type": "chat"}',
+        pricing='{"prompt": 1.0, "completion": 1.0}',
+        upstream_provider_id=p1.id,
+        enabled=True,
+    )
+    m2 = ModelRow(
+        id="model-a",
+        name="Model A",
+        created=1,
+        description="desc",
+        context_length=100,
+        architecture='{"modality": "text", "input_modalities": ["text"], "output_modalities": ["text"], "tokenizer": "tiktoken", "instruct_type": "chat"}',
+        pricing='{"prompt": 1.0, "completion": 1.0}',
+        upstream_provider_id=p2.id,
+        enabled=True,
+    )
+
+    integration_session.add(m1)
+    integration_session.add(m2)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # 3. Create mock provider instances
+    class MockProvider(BaseUpstreamProvider):
+        db_id: int
+
+        def __init__(self, db_id: int, base_url: str, api_key: str, fee: float):
+            super().__init__(base_url, api_key, fee)
+            self.db_id = db_id
+            self.provider_type = "custom"
+
+        def get_cached_models(self) -> list[Model]:
+            return [
+                Model(
+                    id="model-a",
+                    name="Model A",
+                    created=1,
+                    description="desc",
+                    context_length=100,
+                    architecture=Architecture(
+                        modality="text",
+                        input_modalities=["text"],
+                        output_modalities=["text"],
+                        tokenizer="tiktoken",
+                        instruct_type="chat",
+                    ),
+                    pricing=Pricing(prompt=1.0, completion=1.0),
+                    enabled=True,
+                    upstream_provider_id=self.db_id,
+                )
+            ]
+
+        async def refresh_models_cache(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def prepare_headers(self, request_headers: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+            return request_headers
+
+    # 4. Inject mock providers into the proxy
+    from routstr import proxy
+
+    assert p1.id is not None
+    assert p2.id is not None
+
+    # Need to patch proxy._upstreams and proxy.create_session
+    mp1: MockProvider = MockProvider(p1.id, url, "key1", 1.01)
+    mp2: MockProvider = MockProvider(p2.id, url, "key2", 1.05)
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.proxy._upstreams", [mp1, mp2]),
+        patch("routstr.proxy.create_session") as mock_session_factory,
+    ):
+        # Configure mock_session_factory to return a session that uses the test engine
+        @asynccontextmanager
+        async def mock_create_session() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+            yield integration_session
+
+        mock_session_factory.return_value = mock_create_session()
+
+        await refresh_model_maps()
+
+        # 5. Check which provider is selected for 'model-a'
+        provider_map = proxy.get_provider_for_model("model-a")
+
+        # Assertions
+        assert provider_map is not None
+        assert len(provider_map) >= 1
+
+        # Check the first one, cast to MockProvider to access db_id
+        best_provider = cast(MockProvider, provider_map[0])
+        assert best_provider.db_id == p1.id
+        assert best_provider.provider_fee == 1.01

tests/integration/test_provider_management.py

@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ Integration tests for provider management functionality.
 Tests GET /v1/providers/ endpoint for listing and managing providers.
 """
 
+import time
+from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any, Generator
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 
+from routstr.core.admin import admin_sessions
+from routstr.core.db import UpstreamProviderRow
 from routstr.nostr.discovery import _PROVIDERS_CACHE
 
 from .utils import ResponseValidator
@@ -678,3 +682,88 @@ async def test_no_database_changes_during_provider_operations(
     assert final_diff["api_keys"]["added"] == []
     assert final_diff["api_keys"]["modified"] == []
     assert final_diff["api_keys"]["removed"] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_admin_routstr_topup_retries_transient_upstream_failure(
+    integration_client: AsyncClient,
+    integration_session: Any,
+) -> None:
+    admin_token = "test-admin-token"
+    admin_sessions[admin_token] = int(time.time()) + 3600
+    integration_client.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {admin_token}"
+
+    provider = UpstreamProviderRow(
+        provider_type="routstr",
+        base_url="https://node.example",
+        api_key="sk-upstream-test",
+        enabled=True,
+        provider_fee=1.01,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(provider)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+    await integration_session.refresh(provider)
+
+    class MockResponse:
+        def __init__(self, status_code: int, data: dict[str, Any] | None = None):
+            self.status_code = status_code
+            self._data = data or {}
+            self.text = str(self._data)
+
+        def json(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return self._data
+
+    class MockAsyncClient:
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self.calls = 0
+
+        async def __aenter__(self) -> "MockAsyncClient":
+            return self
+
+        async def __aexit__(
+            self,
+            exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+            exc: BaseException | None,
+            tb: TracebackType | None,
+        ) -> None:
+            return None
+
+        async def post(
+            self, url: str, json: dict[str, Any], headers: dict[str, str]
+        ) -> MockResponse:
+            self.calls += 1
+            assert url == "https://node.example/v1/balance/lightning/invoice"
+            assert json["amount_sats"] == 10
+            assert json["purpose"] == "topup"
+            assert json["api_key"] == "sk-upstream-test"
+            assert headers["Authorization"] == "Bearer sk-upstream-test"
+
+            if self.calls == 1:
+                return MockResponse(500, {"detail": "warmup failure"})
+
+            return MockResponse(
+                200,
+                {
+                    "bolt11": "lnbc1testinvoice",
+                    "invoice_id": "invoice-123",
+                },
+            )
+
+    mock_client = MockAsyncClient()
+
+    try:
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_client):
+            response = await integration_client.post(
+                f"/admin/api/upstream-providers/{provider.id}/topup",
+                json={"amount": 10},
+            )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["ok"] is True
+        assert data["topup_data"]["payment_request"] == "lnbc1testinvoice"
+        assert data["topup_data"]["invoice_id"] == "invoice-123"
+        assert mock_client.calls == 2
+    finally:
+        admin_sessions.pop(admin_token, None)

tests/integration/test_proxy_get_endpoints.py

@@ -171,10 +171,11 @@ async def test_proxy_get_unauthorized_access(integration_client: AsyncClient) ->
         assert response.status_code == 200  # GET requests are allowed
 
     # Test 2: POST requests without auth should return 401
+    # Note: Model validation happens before auth, so missing model returns 400
     response = await integration_client.post(
         "/v1/chat/completions", json={"test": "data"}
     )
-    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.status_code in [400, 401]  # Accept both for now
 
     # Test 3: POST with invalid API key
     # Note: After refactor, model validation may happen before auth validation
@@ -550,9 +551,6 @@ async def test_proxy_get_concurrent_requests(
             assert response.status_code == 200
 
 
-
-
-
 @pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_proxy_get_response_format_preservation(

tests/integration/test_reservation_lifecycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+"""
+Tests for the reservation lifecycle:
+
+  1. Reserve  → reserved_balance increases, available (total_balance) decreases.
+  2. Reserve  → revert  → reserved_balance restored, balance untouched.
+  3. Reserve  → finalise → reserved_balance released, balance charged.
+  4. Two parallel reserves, only one fits → second blocked with 402.
+  5. Three parallel reserves, two fit, third blocked with 402.
+  6. Sequential reserves until balance exhausted → next request blocked.
+
+Reservation invariant enforced by the atomic WHERE clause in pay_for_request:
+    balance - reserved_balance >= cost_per_request
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
+
+from routstr.auth import pay_for_request, revert_pay_for_request
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, create_session
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _make_key(balance: int, reserved: int = 0) -> ApiKey:
+    return ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=f"test_{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
+        balance=balance,
+        reserved_balance=reserved,
+        total_spent=0,
+        total_requests=0,
+    )
+
+
+async def _persist(session: AsyncSession, key: ApiKey) -> ApiKey:
+    session.add(key)
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(key)
+    return key
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 1 — Reserve: reserved_balance increases, available balance decreases
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_reserve_increases_reserved_balance(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """pay_for_request must increment reserved_balance by cost_per_request."""
+    cost = 100
+    key = await _persist(integration_session, _make_key(balance=500))
+
+    await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+
+    assert key.reserved_balance == cost
+    assert key.balance == 500  # balance column is NOT decremented on reserve
+    assert key.total_balance == 500 - cost  # available = balance - reserved
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 2 — Revert: reserved_balance restored, balance untouched
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revert_releases_reservation(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """revert_pay_for_request must release the reservation without touching balance."""
+    cost = 150
+    key = await _persist(integration_session, _make_key(balance=300))
+
+    await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.reserved_balance == cost
+
+    await revert_pay_for_request(key, integration_session, cost)
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0
+    assert key.balance == 300  # balance unchanged after revert
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 3 — Finalise: reservation released + balance charged
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalise_releases_reservation_and_charges_balance(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """adjust_payment_for_tokens must zero reserved_balance and deduct actual cost."""
+    from unittest.mock import patch
+
+    from routstr.auth import adjust_payment_for_tokens
+    from routstr.payment.cost_calculation import CostData
+
+    cost = 100
+    actual = 80  # actual < reserved → refund path
+    key = await _persist(integration_session, _make_key(balance=500))
+
+    await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.reserved_balance == cost
+
+    cost_data = CostData(
+        base_msats=0,
+        input_msats=40,
+        output_msats=40,
+        total_msats=actual,
+        total_usd=0.0,
+        input_tokens=50,
+        output_tokens=50,
+    )
+    response_data = {"model": "test-model", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 50, "completion_tokens": 50}}
+
+    with patch("routstr.auth.calculate_cost", return_value=cost_data):
+        await adjust_payment_for_tokens(key, response_data, integration_session, cost)
+
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 0
+    assert key.balance == 500 - actual
+    assert key.total_spent == actual
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 4 — Concurrent: second parallel reserve blocked when balance exhausted
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_concurrent_second_reserve_blocked_when_balance_exhausted(
+    patched_db_engine: None,
+) -> None:
+    """When two requests race for the same balance, only one succeeds; the other gets 402."""
+    cost = 300
+    key_hash = f"test_concurrent_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        key = ApiKey(
+            hashed_key=key_hash,
+            balance=300,       # exactly enough for ONE reservation
+            reserved_balance=0,
+            total_spent=0,
+            total_requests=0,
+        )
+        session.add(key)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    async def attempt_reserve() -> None:
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            fresh_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+            assert fresh_key is not None
+            try:
+                await pay_for_request(fresh_key, cost, session)
+                results.append("success")
+            except HTTPException as exc:
+                assert exc.status_code == 402
+                results.append("blocked")
+
+    await asyncio.gather(attempt_reserve(), attempt_reserve())
+
+    assert sorted(results) == ["blocked", "success"], (
+        f"Expected exactly one success and one 402, got: {results}"
+    )
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        final = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+        assert final is not None
+
+    # reserved_balance must equal exactly one reservation (not two)
+    assert final.reserved_balance == cost, (
+        f"Expected reserved_balance={cost}, got {final.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert final.balance == 300, "Balance column must not be modified by reservation"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 5 — Concurrent: three requests, two fit, third blocked
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_three_parallel_reserves_third_blocked(
+    patched_db_engine: None,
+) -> None:
+    """Balance covers two reservations exactly; the third concurrent request must be blocked."""
+    cost = 100
+    key_hash = f"test_three_parallel_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        key = ApiKey(
+            hashed_key=key_hash,
+            balance=200,       # fits exactly 2 reservations of 100
+            reserved_balance=0,
+            total_spent=0,
+            total_requests=0,
+        )
+        session.add(key)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    async def attempt_reserve() -> None:
+        async with create_session() as session:
+            fresh_key = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+            assert fresh_key is not None
+            try:
+                await pay_for_request(fresh_key, cost, session)
+                results.append("success")
+            except HTTPException as exc:
+                assert exc.status_code == 402
+                results.append("blocked")
+
+    await asyncio.gather(
+        attempt_reserve(),
+        attempt_reserve(),
+        attempt_reserve(),
+    )
+
+    successes = results.count("success")
+    blocked = results.count("blocked")
+
+    assert successes == 2, f"Expected 2 successes, got {successes}: {results}"
+    assert blocked == 1, f"Expected 1 blocked, got {blocked}: {results}"
+
+    async with create_session() as session:
+        final = await session.get(ApiKey, key_hash)
+        assert final is not None
+
+    assert final.reserved_balance == cost * 2, (
+        f"Expected reserved_balance={cost * 2}, got {final.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert final.balance == 200, "Balance column must not be modified by reservation"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test 6 — Sequential exhaustion: reserve until empty, next request blocked
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_sequential_reserves_block_when_balance_exhausted(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Repeated reservations should block as soon as available balance drops below cost."""
+    cost = 100
+    key = await _persist(integration_session, _make_key(balance=250))
+
+    # First two succeed (100 + 100 = 200 ≤ 250)
+    await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+    await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 200
+    assert key.total_balance == 50  # 250 - 200
+
+    # Third: only 50 available, need 100 → blocked
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await pay_for_request(key, cost, integration_session)
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+    await integration_session.refresh(key)
+    assert key.reserved_balance == 200  # unchanged after failed reserve

tests/integration/test_reserved_balance_negative.py

@@ -133,13 +133,16 @@ async def test_reserved_balance_with_successful_requests(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_insufficient_reserved_balance_for_revert(
+async def test_revert_with_zero_reserved_balance_is_noop(
     integration_session: AsyncSession,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test revert_pay_for_request behavior with insufficient reserved balance."""
+    """Test that revert_pay_for_request is a no-op when reserved_balance is 0.
+
+    Previously this would drive reserved_balance negative. With the floor guard,
+    it should return False and leave reserved_balance at 0.
+    """
     from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
 
-    # Create key with zero reserved balance
     unique_key = f"test_revert_key_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
     test_key = ApiKey(
         hashed_key=unique_key,
@@ -149,17 +152,211 @@ async def test_insufficient_reserved_balance_for_revert(
     integration_session.add(test_key)
     await integration_session.commit()
 
-    # Try to revert more than available
-    # Note: Current implementation allows reserved_balance to go negative
-    await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 100)
+    # Try to revert more than available — should be a no-op
+    result = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 100)
 
-    # Refresh to get updated values
     await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
 
-    # Current implementation allows negative reserved balance
-    assert test_key.reserved_balance == -100, (
-        f"Expected reserved_balance to be -100, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    assert result is False, "Revert should return False when reservation already released"
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance should remain 0, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
     )
-    assert test_key.total_requests == -1, (
-        f"Expected total_requests to be -1, got: {test_key.total_requests}"
+    assert test_key.total_requests == 0, (
+        f"Total requests should remain 0, got: {test_key.total_requests}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revert_with_sufficient_reserved_balance_succeeds(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that revert_pay_for_request works correctly when there is enough reserved balance."""
+    from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
+
+    unique_key = f"test_revert_ok_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    test_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=unique_key,
+        balance=5000,
+        reserved_balance=500,
+        total_requests=3,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(test_key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    result = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 500)
+
+    await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
+
+    assert result is True, "Revert should return True on success"
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance should be 0, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert test_key.total_requests == 2, (
+        f"Total requests should be 2, got: {test_key.total_requests}"
+    )
+    assert test_key.balance == 5000, "Balance should not change on revert"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_revert_partial_reserved_balance_is_noop(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that reverting more than the current reserved_balance is a no-op."""
+    from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
+
+    unique_key = f"test_revert_partial_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    test_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=unique_key,
+        balance=5000,
+        reserved_balance=50,
+        total_requests=1,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(test_key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # Try to revert 500 when only 50 is reserved — should be no-op
+    result = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 500)
+
+    await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
+
+    assert result is False, "Revert should fail when cost > reserved_balance"
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 50, (
+        f"Reserved balance should stay at 50, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert test_key.total_requests == 1, (
+        f"Total requests should stay at 1, got: {test_key.total_requests}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_double_revert_prevented(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that calling revert twice doesn't drive reserved_balance negative.
+
+    This simulates the double-revert scenario where both upstream/base.py
+    and proxy.py attempt to revert the same reservation.
+    """
+    from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
+
+    unique_key = f"test_double_revert_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    test_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=unique_key,
+        balance=10000,
+        reserved_balance=500,
+        total_requests=5,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(test_key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # First revert — should succeed
+    result1 = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 500)
+    await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
+
+    assert result1 is True
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 0
+    assert test_key.total_requests == 4
+
+    # Second revert of the same amount — should be no-op
+    result2 = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 500)
+    await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
+
+    assert result2 is False, "Second revert should be a no-op"
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance should stay 0, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert test_key.total_requests == 4, (
+        f"Total requests should stay 4, got: {test_key.total_requests}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_sequential_reverts_never_go_negative(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that multiple reverts don't cause negative reserved_balance.
+
+    Simulates the double-revert scenario where multiple code paths
+    attempt to revert the same reservation.
+    """
+    from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
+
+    unique_key = f"test_multi_revert_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    test_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=unique_key,
+        balance=10000,
+        reserved_balance=500,
+        total_requests=5,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(test_key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # Run 5 sequential reverts for the same 500 reservation
+    results = []
+    for _ in range(5):
+        r = await revert_pay_for_request(test_key, integration_session, 500)
+        results.append(r)
+
+    await integration_session.refresh(test_key)
+
+    # Exactly one should succeed, rest should be no-ops
+    success_count = sum(1 for r in results if r is True)
+    assert success_count == 1, (
+        f"Exactly one revert should succeed, got {success_count} successes"
+    )
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance should be 0, got: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert test_key.reserved_balance >= 0, (
+        f"Reserved balance went negative: {test_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_child_key_revert_floor_guard(
+    integration_session: AsyncSession,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that child key reserved_balance also has floor guard on revert."""
+    from routstr.auth import revert_pay_for_request
+
+    parent_key_hash = f"test_parent_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    child_key_hash = f"test_child_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+    parent_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=parent_key_hash,
+        balance=10000,
+        reserved_balance=500,
+        total_requests=3,
+    )
+    child_key = ApiKey(
+        hashed_key=child_key_hash,
+        balance=0,
+        reserved_balance=500,
+        total_requests=3,
+        parent_key_hash=parent_key_hash,
+    )
+    integration_session.add(parent_key)
+    integration_session.add(child_key)
+    await integration_session.commit()
+
+    # First revert succeeds
+    result1 = await revert_pay_for_request(child_key, integration_session, 500)
+    await integration_session.refresh(parent_key)
+    await integration_session.refresh(child_key)
+
+    assert result1 is True
+    assert parent_key.reserved_balance == 0
+    assert child_key.reserved_balance == 0
+
+    # Second revert is a no-op for both parent and child
+    result2 = await revert_pay_for_request(child_key, integration_session, 500)
+    await integration_session.refresh(parent_key)
+    await integration_session.refresh(child_key)
+
+    assert result2 is False
+    assert parent_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Parent reserved_balance should stay 0, got: {parent_key.reserved_balance}"
+    )
+    assert child_key.reserved_balance == 0, (
+        f"Child reserved_balance should stay 0, got: {child_key.reserved_balance}"
     )

tests/integration/test_wallet_refund.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import pytest
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlmodel import select
 
-from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, CashuTransaction
 
 
 @pytest.mark.integration
@@ -356,6 +356,70 @@ async def test_concurrent_refund_requests(
     assert len(successful) + len(failed) == 5
 
 
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_rejects_concurrent_topup_on_same_key(
+    authenticated_client: AsyncClient,
+    testmint_wallet: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """Test refund returns 409 when a concurrent topup changes the balance first."""
+    from routstr import balance as balance_module
+
+    wallet_response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/")
+    assert wallet_response.status_code == 200
+    initial_balance = wallet_response.json()["balance"]
+
+    topup_amount_sat = 500
+    topup_token = await testmint_wallet.mint_tokens(topup_amount_sat)
+
+    key_looked_up = asyncio.Event()
+    allow_refund_to_continue = asyncio.Event()
+    original_lookup = balance_module._lookup_key_no_create
+    delayed_once = False
+
+    async def delayed_lookup_key_no_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ApiKey | None:
+        nonlocal delayed_once
+        key = await original_lookup(*args, **kwargs)
+        if not delayed_once and key is not None:
+            delayed_once = True
+            key_looked_up.set()
+            await allow_refund_to_continue.wait()
+        return key
+
+    async def issue_refund() -> Any:
+        return await authenticated_client.post("/v1/wallet/refund")
+
+    async def issue_topup() -> Any:
+        await key_looked_up.wait()
+        try:
+            return await authenticated_client.post(
+                "/v1/wallet/topup", params={"cashu_token": topup_token}
+            )
+        finally:
+            allow_refund_to_continue.set()
+
+    with patch(
+        "routstr.balance._lookup_key_no_create", new=delayed_lookup_key_no_create
+    ):
+        refund_response, topup_response = await asyncio.gather(
+            issue_refund(), issue_topup()
+        )
+
+    assert topup_response.status_code == 200
+    assert topup_response.json()["msats"] == topup_amount_sat * 1000
+    assert refund_response.status_code == 409
+    assert (
+        refund_response.json()["detail"]
+        == "Balance changed concurrently. Please retry the refund."
+    )
+
+    final_balance_response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/")
+    assert final_balance_response.status_code == 200
+    assert final_balance_response.json()["balance"] == (
+        initial_balance + topup_amount_sat * 1000
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_refund_during_active_usage(
@@ -394,6 +458,42 @@ async def test_refund_during_active_usage(
     assert response.json()["balance"] == 0
 
 
+@pytest.mark.integration
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wallet_history_returns_apikey_transactions(
+    authenticated_client: AsyncClient,
+    testmint_wallet: Any,
+    integration_session: Any,
+) -> None:
+    wallet_response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/")
+    api_key = wallet_response.json()["api_key"]
+    hashed_key = api_key[3:] if api_key.startswith("sk-") else api_key
+
+    topup_token = await testmint_wallet.mint_tokens(250)
+    topup_response = await authenticated_client.post(
+        "/v1/wallet/topup", params={"cashu_token": topup_token}
+    )
+    assert topup_response.status_code == 200
+
+    refund_response = await authenticated_client.post("/v1/wallet/refund")
+    assert refund_response.status_code == 200
+
+    history_response = await authenticated_client.get("/v1/wallet/history")
+    assert history_response.status_code == 200
+    transactions = history_response.json()["transactions"]
+    assert len(transactions) >= 2
+    assert all("api_key_hashed_key" not in tx for tx in transactions)
+    assert {tx["type"] for tx in transactions} >= {"in", "out"}
+
+    db_result = await integration_session.execute(
+        select(CashuTransaction).where(
+            CashuTransaction.api_key_hashed_key == hashed_key
+        )
+    )
+    db_transactions = db_result.scalars().all()
+    assert len(db_transactions) >= 2
+
+
 @pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_mint_unavailability_handling(

tests/integration/test_wallet_topup.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlmodel import select
 
-from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, CashuTransaction
 
 from .utils import (
     CashuTokenGenerator,
@@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ async def test_topup_with_valid_token(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     assert db_key.balance == new_balance
     assert db_key.balance == initial_balance + (topup_amount * 1000)
 
+    tx_result = await integration_session.execute(
+        select(CashuTransaction).where(
+            CashuTransaction.token == token,
+            CashuTransaction.type == "in",
+        )
+    )
+    tx = tx_result.scalar_one()
+    assert tx.api_key_hashed_key == hashed_key
+    assert tx.source == "apikey"
+
 
 @pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/unit/test_algorithm.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 """Tests for the model prioritization algorithm."""
 
 import os
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
+import pytest
+
 # Set required env vars before importing
 os.environ["UPSTREAM_BASE_URL"] = "http://test"
 os.environ["UPSTREAM_API_KEY"] = "test"
 
 from routstr.algorithm import (  # noqa: E402
     calculate_model_cost_score,
+    create_model_mappings,
     get_provider_penalty,
 )
 from routstr.payment.models import Architecture, Model, Pricing  # noqa: E402
@@ -45,11 +49,21 @@ def create_test_model(
     )
 
 
-def create_test_provider(name: str, base_url: str = "http://test.com") -> Mock:
+def create_test_provider(
+    name: str,
+    base_url: str = "http://test.com",
+    *,
+    db_id: int | None = None,
+    models: list[Model] | None = None,
+    upstream_name: str | None = None,
+) -> Mock:
     """Helper to create a test provider mock."""
     provider = Mock()
     provider.provider_type = name
     provider.base_url = base_url
+    provider.db_id = db_id
+    provider.upstream_name = upstream_name or name
+    provider.get_cached_models.return_value = models or []
     return provider
 
 
@@ -99,3 +113,80 @@ def test_get_provider_penalty_openrouter() -> None:
     provider = create_test_provider("openrouter", "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1")
     penalty = get_provider_penalty(provider)
     assert penalty == 1.001
+
+
+def test_create_model_mappings_includes_db_override_for_missing_cached_model(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Model overrides should still map when provider discovery misses the model."""
+    provider = create_test_provider(
+        "azure",
+        "https://example.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+        db_id=7,
+        models=[],
+    )
+    override_model = create_test_model("azure/gpt-4o")
+    override_model.canonical_slug = "azure-deployment"
+
+    def fake_row_to_model(*args, **kwargs) -> Model:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+        return override_model
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("routstr.payment.models._row_to_model", fake_row_to_model)
+
+    override_row = SimpleNamespace(id="azure/gpt-4o", upstream_provider_id=7, enabled=True)
+
+    model_instances, provider_map, unique_models = create_model_mappings(
+        upstreams=[provider],
+        overrides_by_id={"azure/gpt-4o": (override_row, 1.01)},
+        disabled_model_ids=set(),
+    )
+
+    assert "azure/gpt-4o" in model_instances
+    assert provider_map["azure/gpt-4o"] == [provider]
+    assert "gpt-4o" in unique_models
+
+
+def test_create_model_mappings_dedupes_with_provider_identity_not_provider_type(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Different provider instances of same type should both survive dedupe."""
+    provider_a_model = create_test_model(
+        "azure/gpt-4o", prompt_price=0.01, completion_price=0.01
+    )
+    provider_a = create_test_provider(
+        "azure",
+        "https://a.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+        db_id=1,
+        models=[provider_a_model],
+        upstream_name="azure-a",
+    )
+    provider_b = create_test_provider(
+        "azure",
+        "https://b.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+        db_id=2,
+        models=[],
+        upstream_name="azure-b",
+    )
+
+    override_model = create_test_model(
+        "azure/gpt-4o", prompt_price=0.001, completion_price=0.001
+    )
+    override_model.canonical_slug = "azure-b-deployment"
+
+    def fake_row_to_model(*args, **kwargs) -> Model:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+        return override_model
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("routstr.payment.models._row_to_model", fake_row_to_model)
+
+    override_row = SimpleNamespace(id="azure/gpt-4o", upstream_provider_id=2, enabled=True)
+
+    _, provider_map, _ = create_model_mappings(
+        upstreams=[provider_a, provider_b],
+        overrides_by_id={"azure/gpt-4o": (override_row, 1.01)},
+        disabled_model_ids=set(),
+    )
+
+    providers_for_alias = provider_map["azure/gpt-4o"]
+    assert provider_a in providers_for_alias
+    assert provider_b in providers_for_alias
+    assert len(providers_for_alias) == 2

tests/unit/test_balance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+import json
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+
+from routstr.balance import refund_wallet_endpoint
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey, CashuTransaction
+from routstr.wallet import credit_balance
+
+
+def _make_cashu_tx(
+    token: str,
+    amount: int,
+    unit: str,
+    type: str = "out",
+    request_id: str | None = "req-abc",
+    swept: bool = False,
+    collected: bool = False,
+) -> CashuTransaction:
+    tx = CashuTransaction(token=token, amount=amount, unit=unit, type=type, request_id=request_id)
+    tx.swept = swept
+    tx.collected = collected
+    return tx
+
+
+def _exec_result(tx: CashuTransaction | None) -> MagicMock:
+    result = MagicMock()
+    result.first.return_value = tx
+    return result
+
+
+def _update_result(rowcount: int) -> MagicMock:
+    result = MagicMock()
+    result.rowcount = rowcount
+    return result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_x_cashu_returns_token() -> None:
+    x_cashu_token = "cashuAtest_token_value"
+    in_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token=x_cashu_token, amount=0, unit="msat", type="in", request_id="req-abc")
+    out_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token="cashuArefund_token", amount=1000, unit="msat", type="out", request_id="req-abc")
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(side_effect=[_exec_result(in_tx), _exec_result(out_tx)])
+    session.add = MagicMock()
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+        authorization="Bearer sk-somekey",
+        x_cashu=x_cashu_token,
+        session=session,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(result, JSONResponse)
+    body = json.loads(result.body)
+    assert body["token"] == "cashuArefund_token"
+    assert body["msats"] == "1000"
+    assert result.headers["X-Cashu"] == "cashuArefund_token"
+    assert out_tx.collected is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_x_cashu_sat_unit() -> None:
+    x_cashu_token = "cashuAsat_token"
+    in_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token=x_cashu_token, amount=0, unit="sat", type="in", request_id="req-sat")
+    out_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token="cashuArefund_sat", amount=500, unit="sat", type="out", request_id="req-sat")
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(side_effect=[_exec_result(in_tx), _exec_result(out_tx)])
+    session.add = MagicMock()
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+        authorization="Bearer sk-somekey",
+        x_cashu=x_cashu_token,
+        session=session,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(result, JSONResponse)
+    body = json.loads(result.body)
+    assert body["token"] == "cashuArefund_sat"
+    assert body["sats"] == "500"
+    assert "msats" not in body
+    assert result.headers["X-Cashu"] == "cashuArefund_sat"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_x_cashu_not_found_raises_404() -> None:
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_exec_result(None))
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-somekey",
+            x_cashu="cashuAmissing_token",
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 404
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_x_cashu_swept_raises_410() -> None:
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    in_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token="cashuAswept_token", amount=0, unit="msat", type="in", request_id="req-swept")
+    out_tx = _make_cashu_tx(token="cashuAswept", amount=100, unit="msat", type="out", request_id="req-swept", swept=True)
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(side_effect=[_exec_result(in_tx), _exec_result(out_tx)])
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-somekey",
+            x_cashu="cashuAswept_token",
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 410
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# source field defaults
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_cashu_transaction_source_defaults_to_x_cashu() -> None:
+    tx = CashuTransaction(token="cashuAtest", amount=100, unit="msat")
+    assert tx.source == "x-cashu"
+
+
+def test_cashu_transaction_source_can_be_apikey() -> None:
+    tx = CashuTransaction(token="cashuAtest", amount=100, unit="msat", source="apikey")
+    assert tx.source == "apikey"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# apikey-based refund: token logging and CashuTransaction storage
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _make_api_key(
+    balance: int = 5000,
+    refund_currency: str | None = "sat",
+    refund_mint_url: str | None = "https://mint.example.com",
+    refund_address: str | None = None,
+    parent_key_hash: str | None = None,
+) -> ApiKey:
+    key = ApiKey(hashed_key="testhash")
+    key.balance = balance
+    key.reserved_balance = 0
+    key.refund_currency = refund_currency
+    key.refund_mint_url = refund_mint_url
+    key.refund_address = refund_address
+    key.parent_key_hash = parent_key_hash
+    key.total_spent = 0
+    key.total_requests = 0
+    return key
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_apikey_refund_stores_cashu_transaction_with_apikey_source() -> None:
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=5000, refund_currency="sat")
+    refund_token = "cashuArefund_apikey_token"
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_update_result(1))
+    session.add = MagicMock()
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.balance.get_billing_key", AsyncMock(return_value=key)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.send_token", AsyncMock(return_value=refund_token)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()) as mock_store,
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_get", AsyncMock(return_value=None)),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_set", AsyncMock()),
+    ):
+        result = await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-testhash",
+            x_cashu=None,
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    assert isinstance(result, dict)
+    assert result["token"] == refund_token
+
+    mock_store.assert_awaited_once()
+    call_kwargs = mock_store.call_args.kwargs
+    assert call_kwargs["source"] == "apikey"
+    assert call_kwargs["token"] == refund_token
+    assert call_kwargs["typ"] == "out"
+    assert call_kwargs["api_key_hashed_key"] == key.hashed_key
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_apikey_refund_logs_token() -> None:
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=5000, refund_currency="sat")
+    refund_token = "cashuAlogged_token"
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_update_result(1))
+    session.add = MagicMock()
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.balance.get_billing_key", AsyncMock(return_value=key)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.send_token", AsyncMock(return_value=refund_token)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_get", AsyncMock(return_value=None)),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_set", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance.logger") as mock_logger,
+    ):
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-testhash",
+            x_cashu=None,
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    calls = [str(c) for c in mock_logger.info.call_args_list]
+    assert any("cashu token issued" in c for c in calls)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_apikey_refund_log_includes_path() -> None:
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=5000, refund_currency="sat")
+    refund_token = "cashuApath_token"
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_update_result(1))
+    session.add = MagicMock()
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.balance.get_billing_key", AsyncMock(return_value=key)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.send_token", AsyncMock(return_value=refund_token)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_get", AsyncMock(return_value=None)),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_set", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance.logger") as mock_logger,
+    ):
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-testhash",
+            x_cashu=None,
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    # Find the "cashu token issued" call and verify extra contains the path
+    token_issued_calls = [
+        c for c in mock_logger.info.call_args_list
+        if c.args and "cashu token issued" in c.args[0]
+    ]
+    assert len(token_issued_calls) == 1
+    extra = token_issued_calls[0].kwargs.get("extra", {})
+    assert extra.get("path") == "/v1/wallet/refund"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_apikey_refund_rejects_on_concurrent_balance_change() -> None:
+    """When the debit CAS fails (rowcount=0), no token is minted and 409 is returned."""
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=5000, refund_currency="sat")
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    # Debit returns rowcount=0 → balance changed concurrently
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_update_result(0))
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_send_token = AsyncMock(return_value="cashuAshould_not_be_minted")
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.balance.get_billing_key", AsyncMock(return_value=key)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.send_token", mock_send_token),
+        patch("routstr.balance.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_get", AsyncMock(return_value=None)),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_set", AsyncMock()),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+            await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+                authorization="Bearer sk-testhash",
+                x_cashu=None,
+                session=session,
+            )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 409
+    # Crucially: send_token must NOT have been called
+    mock_send_token.assert_not_awaited()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_credit_balance_stores_apikey_transaction_history() -> None:
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=1000)
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(return_value=_update_result(1))
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+    session.refresh = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "routstr.wallet.recieve_token",
+            AsyncMock(return_value=(100, "sat", "https://mint.example")),
+        ),
+        patch("routstr.wallet.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()) as mock_store,
+    ):
+        amount = await credit_balance("cashuAtopup_token", key, session)
+
+    assert amount == 100_000
+    mock_store.assert_awaited_once()
+    call_kwargs = mock_store.call_args.kwargs
+    assert call_kwargs["typ"] == "in"
+    assert call_kwargs["source"] == "apikey"
+    assert call_kwargs["api_key_hashed_key"] == key.hashed_key
+    assert call_kwargs["amount"] == 100
+    assert call_kwargs["unit"] == "sat"
+    assert call_kwargs["token"] == "cashuAtopup_token"
+    assert call_kwargs["mint_url"] == "https://mint.example"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_apikey_refund_restores_balance_on_mint_failure() -> None:
+    """When debit succeeds but minting fails, balance must be restored."""
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    key = _make_api_key(balance=5000, refund_currency="sat")
+
+    # First exec call = debit (succeeds), second = restore
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+    session.exec = AsyncMock(side_effect=[_update_result(1), _update_result(1)])
+    session.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch("routstr.balance.get_billing_key", AsyncMock(return_value=key)),
+        patch("routstr.balance.send_token", AsyncMock(side_effect=Exception("mint down"))),
+        patch("routstr.balance.store_cashu_transaction", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_get", AsyncMock(return_value=None)),
+        patch("routstr.balance._refund_cache_set", AsyncMock()),
+        patch("routstr.balance.logger"),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+            await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+                authorization="Bearer sk-testhash",
+                x_cashu=None,
+                session=session,
+            )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 503
+    # Verify two exec calls: debit + restore
+    assert session.exec.await_count == 2
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# no-create guarantee: fresh Cashu/unknown sk- tokens must not create API keys
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_fresh_cashu_bearer_returns_401() -> None:
+    """Fresh Cashu token not in DB must get 401, never create a new ApiKey."""
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer cashuAfresh_never_deposited_token",
+            x_cashu=None,
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 401
+    session.get.assert_awaited_once()
+    # No add/commit → no key was persisted
+    session.add.assert_not_called()
+    session.commit.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refund_unknown_sk_bearer_returns_401() -> None:
+    """Unknown sk- key not in DB must get 401."""
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    session = MagicMock()
+    session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await refund_wallet_endpoint(
+            authorization="Bearer sk-unknownhash",
+            x_cashu=None,
+            session=session,
+        )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 401
+    session.get.assert_awaited_once()

tests/unit/test_cost_calculation_caching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+"""Tests for cache token handling in cost calculation.
+
+Covers OpenAI vs Anthropic caching formats, edge cases, and billing accuracy.
+"""
+
+import os
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_BASE_URL", "http://test")
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_API_KEY", "test")
+os.environ.setdefault("LIGHTNING_ADDRESS", "test@stm.to")
+
+from routstr.core.settings import settings
+from routstr.payment.cost_calculation import CostData, MaxCostData, calculate_cost
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_session() -> AsyncMock:
+    """Mock AsyncSession for cost calculation tests."""
+    return AsyncMock()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_fixed_pricing(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Mock settings and price to use fixed pricing."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(settings, "fixed_pricing", True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(settings, "fixed_per_1k_input_tokens", 0.001)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(settings, "fixed_per_1k_output_tokens", 0.001)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def patch_sats_usd_price() -> None:  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """Patch sats_usd_price to avoid initialization issues."""
+    with patch("routstr.payment.cost_calculation.sats_usd_price", return_value=5.0e-5):
+        yield
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 1: OpenAI Cache Format
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_openai_cache_subtraction(mock_session: AsyncMock) -> None:
+    """OpenAI includes cached_tokens in prompt_tokens, subtract them."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 2000,  # ← Includes 1000 cached
+            "completion_tokens": 100,
+            "prompt_tokens_details": {
+                "cached_tokens": 1000  # ← Extracted separately
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 1000  # 2000 - 1000
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 1000
+    assert result.output_tokens == 100
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 2: Anthropic Cache Format
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_anthropic_cache_additive(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Anthropic cache tokens are separate (additive) from input_tokens."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "claude-3-5-sonnet",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 500,  # ← Regular input only
+            "output_tokens": 100,
+            "cache_creation_input_tokens": 1500,  # ← Additive, not included above
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 500
+    assert result.cache_creation_input_tokens == 1500
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.output_tokens == 100
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 3: Invalid Cache (Edge Case)
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cache_read_exceeds_prompt_tokens(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle buggy upstream reporting cached > prompt_tokens."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "prompt_tokens_details": {
+                "cached_tokens": 150  # ← Invalid! Greater than prompt
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    # Should not go negative
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 0  # max(0, 100 - 150)
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 150
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 4: Malformed Token Values
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_malformed_cache_tokens_coerce_to_zero(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle non-numeric cache token values."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": "-50",  # ← String, negative
+            "prompt_tokens_details": {
+                "cached_tokens": "invalid"  # ← Non-numeric string
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    # Both should coerce to 0
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100  # No subtraction if cache_read = 0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 5: Anthropic Cache Not Subtracted
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_anthropic_cache_not_subtracted(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Anthropic cache fields should NOT be subtracted from input_tokens."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "claude-3-5-sonnet",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 500,
+            "completion_tokens": 100,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 200,  # ← Additive, don't subtract
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    # Anthropic: input_tokens stays as-is
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 500  # NOT 300
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 200
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 6: Only Cache Read, No Regular Input
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_only_cache_read_tokens(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle response with only cache read tokens."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 0,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "prompt_tokens_details": {
+                "cached_tokens": 1000
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 0  # max(0, 0 - 1000)
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 1000
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 7: Only Cache Creation
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_only_cache_creation_tokens(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle response with only cache creation tokens (Anthropic)."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "claude-3-5-sonnet",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 500,
+            "output_tokens": 100,
+            "cache_creation_input_tokens": 2000,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 500
+    assert result.cache_creation_input_tokens == 2000
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.output_tokens == 100
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 8: Both Cache Read and Creation
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_both_cache_read_and_creation(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle response with both cache read and creation."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "claude-3-5-sonnet",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 300,
+            "output_tokens": 100,
+            "cache_creation_input_tokens": 2000,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 500,
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 300
+    assert result.cache_creation_input_tokens == 2000
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 500
+    assert result.output_tokens == 100
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 9: Token Field Fallback
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_token_field_fallback_order(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Verify fallback order for token extraction."""
+    # When prompt_tokens is not present, fall back to input_tokens
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 250,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 250
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 10: Float Token Values
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_float_token_values_coerced_to_int(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle float token values by converting to int."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100.7,  # Float
+            "completion_tokens": 50.3,  # Float
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 25.9,  # Float
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100  # Floored
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50  # Floored
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 25  # Floored
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 11: Boolean Cache Tokens
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_boolean_cache_tokens_coerced_to_zero(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle boolean cache token values by coercing to zero."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": True,  # Boolean
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0  # Boolean coerced to 0
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100  # No subtraction
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 12: Zero Cache Tokens
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_zero_cache_tokens(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """Handle explicit zero cache tokens."""
+    response = {
+        "model": "gpt-4",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "prompt_tokens_details": {
+                "cached_tokens": 0
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, CostData)
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 13: Missing Usage Block
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_missing_usage_block(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """When usage is missing, return MaxCostData with zero tokens."""
+    response = {"model": "gpt-4", "choices": [{"message": {"content": "test"}}]}
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, MaxCostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.output_tokens == 0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 14: Null Usage Block
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_null_usage_block(mock_session: AsyncMock, mock_fixed_pricing: None) -> None:
+    """When usage is null, return MaxCostData with zero tokens."""
+    response = {"model": "gpt-4", "usage": None}
+    result = await calculate_cost(response, max_cost=100000, session=mock_session)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, MaxCostData)
+    assert result.input_tokens == 0
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 0

tests/unit/test_count_tokens_local.py

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Unit tests for the local count_tokens shim.
+
+The shim runs whenever an upstream that does not support Anthropic's
+``/v1/messages`` endpoint is asked for a token count. It must always
+return a 200 JSON ``{"input_tokens": N}`` response and must never raise.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from routstr.payment.models import Architecture, Model, Pricing
+from routstr.upstream import count_tokens as count_tokens_module
+from routstr.upstream.count_tokens import count_tokens_locally
+
+
+def _make_model(model_id: str = "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet") -> Model:
+    pricing = Pricing(prompt=0.000003, completion=0.000015)
+    architecture = Architecture(
+        modality="text",
+        input_modalities=["text"],
+        output_modalities=["text"],
+        tokenizer="cl100k_base",
+        instruct_type=None,
+    )
+    return Model(
+        id=model_id,
+        name=model_id,
+        created=0,
+        description="",
+        context_length=200_000,
+        architecture=architecture,
+        pricing=pricing,
+    )
+
+
+def _body(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
+    return json.dumps(payload).encode()
+
+
+def _read_payload(response: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    body = response.body if isinstance(response.body, bytes) else bytes(response.body)
+    return json.loads(body.decode())
+
+
+def test_returns_input_tokens_for_simple_messages() -> None:
+    model = _make_model()
+    request_body = _body(
+        {
+            "model": model.id,
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hello world"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    response = count_tokens_locally(request_body, model)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.media_type == "application/json"
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert "input_tokens" in payload
+    assert isinstance(payload["input_tokens"], int)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] >= 0
+
+
+def test_falls_back_to_estimator_when_litellm_raises() -> None:
+    model = _make_model()
+    request_body = _body(
+        {
+            "model": model.id,
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "this is a longer message"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    with patch.object(
+        count_tokens_module,
+        "_count_with_litellm",
+        side_effect=RuntimeError("boom"),
+    ):
+        response = count_tokens_locally(request_body, model)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] >= 1
+
+
+def test_handles_missing_model_object() -> None:
+    request_body = _body(
+        {
+            "model": "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet",
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    response = count_tokens_locally(request_body, None)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] >= 0
+
+
+def test_handles_empty_request_body() -> None:
+    response = count_tokens_locally(b"", _make_model())
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] >= 0
+
+
+def test_handles_malformed_json() -> None:
+    response = count_tokens_locally(b"not-json", _make_model())
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] >= 0
+
+
+def test_includes_system_prompt_in_count() -> None:
+    model = _make_model()
+    short = _body(
+        {
+            "model": model.id,
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}],
+        }
+    )
+    with_system = _body(
+        {
+            "model": model.id,
+            "system": "You are a helpful assistant with a long preamble " * 10,
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    short_count = _read_payload(count_tokens_locally(short, model))["input_tokens"]
+    long_count = _read_payload(count_tokens_locally(with_system, model))["input_tokens"]
+
+    assert long_count > short_count
+
+
+def test_supports_anthropic_system_block_list() -> None:
+    model = _make_model()
+    request_body = _body(
+        {
+            "model": model.id,
+            "system": [{"type": "text", "text": "be terse" * 50}],
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "ok"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    response = count_tokens_locally(request_body, model)
+
+    payload = _read_payload(response)
+    assert payload["input_tokens"] > 0
+
+
+def test_uses_forwarded_model_id_when_present() -> None:
+    model = _make_model("anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet")
+    model.forwarded_model_id = "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"
+    request_body = _body(
+        {
+            "model": "ignored",
+            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    captured: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def _capture(model_name: str, body: dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+        captured["model"] = model_name
+        return 7
+
+    with patch.object(count_tokens_module, "_count_with_litellm", side_effect=_capture):
+        response = count_tokens_locally(request_body, model)
+
+    assert captured["model"] == "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"
+    assert _read_payload(response)["input_tokens"] == 7

tests/unit/test_litellm_routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Tests for `routstr.upstream.litellm_routing.detect_litellm_prefix`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.upstream.litellm_routing import detect_litellm_prefix
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "base_url,expected",
+    [
+        # The bug case: custom row pointing at Fireworks must NOT route to openai/.
+        ("https://api.fireworks.ai/inference/v1", "fireworks_ai/"),
+        # Other OpenAI-compatible providers commonly plugged into the custom slot.
+        ("https://api.groq.com/openai/v1", "groq/"),
+        ("https://api.x.ai/v1", "xai/"),
+        ("https://api.deepseek.com/v1", "deepseek/"),
+        ("https://api.together.xyz/v1", "together_ai/"),
+        ("https://api.perplexity.ai", "perplexity/"),
+        ("https://openrouter.ai/api/v1", "openrouter/"),
+        ("https://api.mistral.ai/v1", "mistral/"),
+        ("https://codestral.mistral.ai/v1", "codestral/"),
+        ("https://api.cohere.com/v1", "cohere_chat/"),
+        ("https://api.cohere.ai/v1", "cohere_chat/"),
+        ("https://api.deepinfra.com/v1/openai", "deepinfra/"),
+        ("https://api.cerebras.ai/v1", "cerebras/"),
+        ("https://api.sambanova.ai/v1", "sambanova/"),
+        ("https://api.moonshot.cn/v1", "moonshot/"),
+        ("https://api.moonshot.ai/v1", "moonshot/"),
+        ("https://api.studio.nebius.com/v1", "nebius/"),
+        ("https://api.novita.ai/v3/openai", "novita/"),
+        ("https://api.lambda.ai/v1", "lambda_ai/"),
+        ("https://api.aimlapi.com/v1", "aiml/"),
+        ("https://api.featherless.ai/v1", "featherless_ai/"),
+        ("https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1", "nvidia_nim/"),
+        ("https://inference.baseten.co/v1", "baseten/"),
+        ("https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v1", "vercel_ai_gateway/"),
+        ("https://api.inference.wandb.ai/v1", "wandb/"),
+        ("https://api.poe.com/v1", "poe/"),
+        ("https://llm.chutes.ai/v1/", "chutes/"),
+        ("https://api.v0.dev/v1", "v0/"),
+        ("https://api.hyperbolic.xyz/v1", "hyperbolic/"),
+        ("https://api.synthetic.new/openai/v1", "synthetic/"),
+        ("https://api.stima.tech/v1", "apertis/"),
+        ("https://nano-gpt.com/api/v1", "nano-gpt/"),
+        ("https://api.friendli.ai/serverless/v1", "friendliai/"),
+        ("https://api.galadriel.com/v1", "galadriel/"),
+        ("https://api.llama.com/compat/v1", "meta_llama/"),
+        ("https://api.minimax.io/v1", "minimax/"),
+        ("https://api.minimaxi.com/v1", "minimax/"),
+        ("https://platform.publicai.co/v1", "publicai/"),
+        ("https://inference.api.nscale.com/v1", "nscale/"),
+        ("https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1", "dashscope/"),
+        ("https://api.endpoints.anyscale.com/v1", "anyscale/"),
+        ("https://api.ai21.com/studio/v1", "ai21_chat/"),
+        ("https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3", "volcengine/"),
+        ("https://api.voyageai.com/v1", "voyage/"),
+        ("https://api.jina.ai/v1", "jina_ai/"),
+        ("https://api.snowflakecomputing.com", "snowflake/"),
+        ("https://my-workspace.databricks.com/serving-endpoints", "databricks/"),
+        ("https://huggingface.co/api/inference", "huggingface/"),
+        # First-class providers — URL detection still produces the right prefix
+        # so subclasses without an explicit override stay correct.
+        ("https://api.openai.com/v1", "openai/"),
+        ("https://api.anthropic.com/v1", "anthropic/"),
+        ("https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/openai", "gemini/"),
+        ("https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1", "vertex_ai/"),
+        # Azure ordering: must beat api.openai.com.
+        ("https://my-resource.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/foo", "azure/"),
+        # Ollama hints.
+        ("http://localhost:11434/v1", "ollama_chat/"),
+        ("http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1", "ollama_chat/"),
+        ("http://my-ollama-host:11434/v1", "ollama_chat/"),
+        # Casing and trailing slash normalisation.
+        ("HTTPS://API.FIREWORKS.AI/INFERENCE/V1/", "fireworks_ai/"),
+        # Unknown host falls back to openai/ (still OpenAI-compatible by convention).
+        ("https://example.com/v1", "openai/"),
+        ("", "openai/"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_detect_litellm_prefix(base_url: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    assert detect_litellm_prefix(base_url) == expected
+
+
+def test_detect_litellm_prefix_none_uses_default() -> None:
+    assert detect_litellm_prefix(None) == "openai/"
+
+
+def test_detect_litellm_prefix_custom_default() -> None:
+    assert detect_litellm_prefix("https://example.com", default="anthropic/") == (
+        "anthropic/"
+    )

tests/unit/test_messages_dispatch_cost_accumulation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+"""Tests for cost accumulation in streaming message dispatch.
+
+Verifies that costs are correctly summed across multiple streaming events,
+not taking only the maximum.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_BASE_URL", "http://test")
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_API_KEY", "test")
+
+from routstr.upstream.messages_dispatch import annotate_event
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 1: Cost Accumulation via AnnotatedEvent
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_annotate_event_extracts_costs() -> None:
+    """Each event should report its own costs."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "content_block_start",
+        "usage": {"total_cost": 0.010, "input_cost": 0.008, "output_cost": 0.002}
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.010
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.008
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.002
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 2: Multiple Events with Incremental Costs
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_multiple_events_sum_costs() -> None:
+    """When processing multiple events, costs should accumulate (not max)."""
+    # Event 1: initial costs
+    event1 = {
+        "type": "message_start",
+        "usage": {"input_tokens": 100, "total_cost": 0.010}
+    }
+    result1 = annotate_event(event1, None)
+
+    # Event 2: additional costs
+    event2 = {
+        "type": "content_block_start",
+        "usage": {"output_tokens": 50, "total_cost": 0.005}
+    }
+    result2 = annotate_event(event2, None)
+
+    # Event 3: more costs
+    event3 = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "usage": {"output_tokens": 25, "total_cost": 0.008}
+    }
+    result3 = annotate_event(event3, None)
+
+    # Each event should report its own cost (before accumulation)
+    assert result1.total_cost == 0.010
+    assert result2.total_cost == 0.005
+    assert result3.total_cost == 0.008
+
+    # When summed for billing: 0.010 + 0.005 + 0.008 = 0.023
+    # This verifies the cost accumulation fix (using += instead of max())
+    total_from_events = result1.total_cost + result2.total_cost + result3.total_cost
+    assert total_from_events == 0.023
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 3: Token Accumulation Consistency
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_tokens_and_costs_extracted_independently() -> None:
+    """Tokens and costs should be extracted independently per event."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "content_block_delta",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 100,
+            "output_tokens": 50,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 30,
+            "total_cost": 0.007,
+            "input_cost": 0.005,
+            "output_cost": 0.002
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    # All values should be extracted
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 30
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.007
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.005
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.002
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 4: Cost in Message vs Root
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_cost_extracted_from_message_usage() -> None:
+    """Costs in message.usage should be extracted correctly."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_start",
+        "message": {
+            "usage": {
+                "input_tokens": 100,
+                "total_cost": 0.010,
+                "input_cost": 0.008,
+                "output_cost": 0.002
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.010
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.008
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.002
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 5: Cost at Event Root Level
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_cost_extracted_from_event_root() -> None:
+    """Costs at event root should be extracted (OpenRouter style)."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "content_block_delta",
+        "usage": {"output_tokens": 25},
+        "total_cost": 0.005,  # ← At root level
+        "cost": 0.005
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.output_tokens == 25
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.005
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 6: Cost Details in Event Root
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_cost_details_extracted_from_event_root() -> None:
+    """cost_details at event root should be extracted correctly."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "cost_details": {
+            "total_cost": 0.015,
+            "input_cost": 0.010,
+            "output_cost": 0.005
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.015
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.010
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.005
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 7: No Duplicated Dict Lookups
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_annotate_event_no_duplicate_lookups() -> None:
+    """Verify that dict lookups are not duplicated (fix for copy-paste error)."""
+    # This is tested implicitly through proper extraction
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "cost_details": {
+            "total_cost": 0.020,
+            "input_cost": 0.015,
+            "output_cost": 0.005
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    # Should extract each field exactly once, correctly
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.020
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.015
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.005
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 8: Model Name Extraction
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_model_extracted_from_event() -> None:
+    """Model name should be extracted from event."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_start",
+        "message": {"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet"}
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.model == "claude-3-5-sonnet"
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 9: Model Name Override
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_model_name_override() -> None:
+    """Requested model should override actual model in event."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_start",
+        "message": {"model": "actual-model"}
+    }
+    # Override with requested_model
+    result = annotate_event(event, requested_model="alias-model")
+
+    # Event should be modified to use requested_model
+    assert event["message"]["model"] == "alias-model"  # type: ignore[index]
+    assert result.model == "alias-model"
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 10: SSE Encoding
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_sse_bytes_encoded() -> None:
+    """Event should be encoded as SSE bytes."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "content_block_start",
+        "index": 0,
+        "content_block": {"type": "text", "text": ""}
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.sse_bytes is not None
+    assert isinstance(result.sse_bytes, bytes)
+    assert b"event: content_block_start" in result.sse_bytes or b"data:" in result.sse_bytes
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 11: Missing Cost Fields Default to Zero
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_missing_cost_fields_default_to_zero() -> None:
+    """When cost fields are missing, should default to 0.0."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "content_block_delta",
+        "usage": {"output_tokens": 25}
+        # No cost fields
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.0
+    assert result.input_cost == 0.0
+    assert result.output_cost == 0.0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 12: Cache Tokens in Events
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_cache_tokens_extracted_from_event() -> None:
+    """Cache tokens should be extracted from event usage."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 100,
+            "output_tokens": 50,
+            "cache_read_input_tokens": 200,
+            "cache_creation_input_tokens": 0
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    assert result.input_tokens == 100
+    assert result.output_tokens == 50
+    assert result.cache_read_input_tokens == 200
+    assert result.cache_creation_input_tokens == 0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 13: Malformed Cost Values
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_malformed_cost_values_coerced() -> None:
+    """Malformed cost values should be coerced to 0.0."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 100,
+            "output_tokens": 50,
+            "total_cost": "invalid",  # ← Non-numeric
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    # Invalid cost should default to 0.0
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 14: Negative Cost Values
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_negative_cost_values_clamped() -> None:
+    """Negative cost values should be clamped to 0.0."""
+    event = {
+        "type": "message_delta",
+        "usage": {
+            "input_tokens": 100,
+            "output_tokens": 50,
+            "total_cost": -0.05  # ← Negative
+        }
+    }
+    result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+    # Negative cost should be clamped to 0.0
+    assert result.total_cost == 0.0
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test 15: Streaming Event Type Preserved
+# ============================================================================
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_event_type_preserved_in_sse() -> None:
+    """Event type should be preserved in SSE encoding."""
+    event_types = ["message_start", "content_block_start", "content_block_delta", "message_delta"]
+    for event_type in event_types:
+        event = {"type": event_type}
+        result = annotate_event(event, None)
+
+        assert result.event["type"] == event_type  # type: ignore[index]
+        # SSE should include the event type line if present
+        if event_type:
+            assert f"event: {event_type}".encode() in result.sse_bytes

tests/unit/test_models_refresh_loop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Regression tests for the periodic upstream models refresh loop."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+from typing import cast
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+import pytest
+
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_BASE_URL", "http://test")
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_API_KEY", "test")
+
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider  # noqa: E402
+
+
+class _FakeUpstream:
+    """Minimal stand-in for BaseUpstreamProvider used by the refresh loop.
+
+    Only ``base_url`` (for error logging) and ``refresh_models_cache`` (the call
+    under test) are exercised; everything else stays unused.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.base_url = f"http://{name}"
+        self.refresh_models_cache = AsyncMock()
+
+
+def _make_fake_upstream(name: str) -> BaseUpstreamProvider:
+    # The loop only uses duck-typed attributes — cast keeps the test type-clean
+    # without dragging in BaseUpstreamProvider's full constructor.
+    return cast(BaseUpstreamProvider, _FakeUpstream(name))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refresh_loop_picks_up_providers_added_after_startup(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """If a provider is added after the loop starts (e.g. via reinitialize_upstreams),
+    the next loop iteration must refresh it. Previously the loop captured the upstream
+    list at startup and missed any later additions."""
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings as global_settings
+    from routstr.upstream.helpers import refresh_upstreams_models_periodically
+
+    # Tight interval so the test finishes quickly.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        global_settings, "models_refresh_interval_seconds", 1, raising=False
+    )
+
+    initial_upstream = _make_fake_upstream("initial")
+    live_list: list[BaseUpstreamProvider] = [initial_upstream]
+
+    # Stub out the post-iteration sats-pricing refresh so the loop body has no DB deps.
+    async def _noop_pricing_refresh() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - trivial stub
+        return None
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "routstr.payment.models._update_sats_pricing_once",
+        _noop_pricing_refresh,
+    )
+
+    task = asyncio.create_task(
+        refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(lambda: live_list)
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # Wait for the first iteration to refresh the initial upstream.
+        for _ in range(40):
+            if initial_upstream.refresh_models_cache.await_count >= 1:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                break
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        assert initial_upstream.refresh_models_cache.await_count >= 1, (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            "loop did not refresh the initial upstream within the timeout"
+        )
+
+        # Simulate reinitialize_upstreams: replace the live list contents with new
+        # provider instances. The loop must observe the swap on its next tick.
+        new_upstream = _make_fake_upstream("added-after-startup")
+        live_list[:] = [new_upstream]
+
+        for _ in range(60):
+            if new_upstream.refresh_models_cache.await_count >= 1:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                break
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+        assert new_upstream.refresh_models_cache.await_count >= 1, (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            "loop did not refresh the upstream added after startup — "
+            "regression: list snapshot captured at startup"
+        )
+    finally:
+        task.cancel()
+        try:
+            await task
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_refresh_loop_disabled_when_interval_non_positive(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings as global_settings
+    from routstr.upstream.helpers import refresh_upstreams_models_periodically
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        global_settings, "models_refresh_interval_seconds", 0, raising=False
+    )
+
+    upstream = _make_fake_upstream("never-refreshed")
+
+    # Loop must return immediately without ever touching the upstream.
+    await asyncio.wait_for(
+        refresh_upstreams_models_periodically(lambda: [upstream]),
+        timeout=1.0,
+    )
+    upstream.refresh_models_cache.assert_not_awaited()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

tests/unit/test_nostr_analytics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.nostr import analytics
+
+
+def test_aggregate_top_model_usage_sums_metrics() -> None:
+    model_usage_mix = {
+        "top_models": ["openai/gpt-4o", "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet"],
+        "metrics": [
+            {
+                "model_counts": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 4,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 2,
+                },
+                "model_revenue_msats": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 1500,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 700,
+                },
+                "model_tokens": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 1200,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 600,
+                },
+                "others": 1,
+                "others_revenue_msats": 300,
+                "others_tokens": 200,
+            },
+            {
+                "model_counts": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 3,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 1,
+                },
+                "model_revenue_msats": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 1000,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 500,
+                },
+                "model_tokens": {
+                    "openai/gpt-4o": 800,
+                    "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet": 300,
+                },
+                "others": 2,
+                "others_revenue_msats": 450,
+                "others_tokens": 350,
+            },
+        ],
+    }
+
+    rows, others = analytics._aggregate_top_model_usage(model_usage_mix)
+    assert rows == [
+        {
+            "model": "openai/gpt-4o",
+            "successful_requests": 7,
+            "revenue_msats": 2500.0,
+            "total_tokens": 2000,
+        },
+        {
+            "model": "anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet",
+            "successful_requests": 3,
+            "revenue_msats": 1200.0,
+            "total_tokens": 900,
+        },
+    ]
+    assert others == {
+        "successful_requests": 3,
+        "revenue_msats": 750.0,
+        "total_tokens": 550,
+    }
+
+
+def test_build_stats_snapshot_payload_schema_and_shape(monkeypatch: Any) -> None:
+    seen_windows: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
+
+    def fake_usage_dashboard(
+        *, interval: int, hours: int, error_limit: int, model_limit: int
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        seen_windows.add((hours, interval))
+        assert error_limit == 1
+        assert model_limit == 20
+        return {
+            "summary": {
+                "total_requests": hours,
+                "successful_chat_completions": max(1, hours - 1),
+                "failed_requests": 2,
+                "success_rate": 90.0,
+                "unique_models_count": 2,
+                "input_tokens": 2000,
+                "output_tokens": 1000,
+                "total_tokens": 3000,
+                "revenue_msats": 9000.0,
+                "refunds_msats": 1000.0,
+                "net_revenue_msats": 8000.0,
+                "revenue_sats": 9.0,
+                "refunds_sats": 1.0,
+                "net_revenue_sats": 8.0,
+            },
+            "model_usage_mix": {
+                "top_models": ["openai/gpt-4o"],
+                "metrics": [
+                    {
+                        "timestamp": "2026-03-02 10:00:00",
+                        "model_counts": {"openai/gpt-4o": hours},
+                        "model_revenue_msats": {"openai/gpt-4o": float(hours * 100)},
+                        "model_tokens": {"openai/gpt-4o": hours * 10},
+                        "others": 4,
+                        "others_revenue_msats": 1800.0,
+                        "others_tokens": 400,
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        }
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        analytics.log_manager, "get_usage_dashboard", fake_usage_dashboard
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "npub", "npub1example")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "http_url", "https://node.example.com")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "onion_url", "")
+
+    payload = analytics.build_stats_snapshot_payload(
+        "provider123",
+        public_key_hex="ab" * 32,
+        generated_at=1772451600,
+    )
+
+    assert payload["schema"] == analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA
+    assert payload["provider_id"] == "provider123"
+    assert payload["window_hours"] == 24
+    assert payload["interval_minutes"] == 60
+    assert payload["endpoint_urls"] == ["https://node.example.com"]
+    assert seen_windows == {
+        (24, 60),
+        (7 * 24, 6 * 60),
+        (30 * 24, 24 * 60),
+        (90 * 24, 24 * 60),
+        (365 * 24, 7 * 24 * 60),
+    }
+    assert set(payload["windows"].keys()) == {"24h", "7d", "30d", "3m", "1y"}
+    assert payload["windows"]["1y"]["interval_minutes"] == 7 * 24 * 60
+    assert payload["summary"]["total_requests"] == 24
+    assert payload["top_model_usage"] == [
+        {
+            "model": "openai/gpt-4o",
+            "successful_requests": 24,
+            "revenue_msats": 2400.0,
+            "total_tokens": 240,
+        }
+    ]
+    assert payload["others_usage"] == {
+        "successful_requests": 4,
+        "revenue_msats": 1800.0,
+        "total_tokens": 400,
+    }
+
+
+def test_create_stats_snapshot_event_tags() -> None:
+    private_key_hex = "11" * 32
+    event = analytics.create_stats_snapshot_event(
+        private_key_hex,
+        "provider123",
+        payload_json='{"schema":"routstr.analytics.snapshot.v1"}',
+        d_tag="provider123:stats",
+    )
+
+    tags = event["tags"]
+    assert ["d", "provider123:stats"] in tags
+    assert ["provider", "provider123"] in tags
+    assert ["schema", analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA] in tags
+    assert all(tag[0] != "period" for tag in tags)
+
+
+def test_fingerprint_payload_ignores_generated_at() -> None:
+    a = {"schema": analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA, "generated_at": 1000, "summary": {"x": 1}}
+    b = {"schema": analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA, "generated_at": 2000, "summary": {"x": 1}}
+
+    assert analytics._fingerprint_payload(a) == analytics._fingerprint_payload(b)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_publish_usage_analytics_skips_when_disabled(monkeypatch: Any) -> None:
+    delays: list[int] = []
+
+    async def fake_sleep(seconds: int) -> None:
+        delays.append(seconds)
+        raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+    def fail_build(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        raise AssertionError("build_stats_snapshot_payload should not be called")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "enable_analytics_sharing", False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics, "build_stats_snapshot_payload", fail_build)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.asyncio, "sleep", fake_sleep)
+
+    await analytics.publish_usage_analytics()
+
+    assert delays == [analytics.DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_publish_usage_analytics_skips_without_nsec(monkeypatch: Any) -> None:
+    delays: list[int] = []
+
+    async def fake_sleep(seconds: int) -> None:
+        delays.append(seconds)
+        raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+    def fail_build(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        raise AssertionError("build_stats_snapshot_payload should not be called")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "enable_analytics_sharing", True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "nsec", "")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics, "build_stats_snapshot_payload", fail_build)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.asyncio, "sleep", fake_sleep)
+
+    await analytics.publish_usage_analytics()
+
+    assert delays == [analytics.DISABLED_POLL_SECONDS]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_publish_usage_analytics_dedupes_unchanged_payload(monkeypatch: Any) -> None:
+    published_events: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    sleep_calls = 0
+
+    async def fake_sleep(seconds: int) -> None:
+        nonlocal sleep_calls
+        sleep_calls += 1
+        if sleep_calls >= 2:
+            raise asyncio.CancelledError()
+
+    def fake_build_payload(
+        provider_id: str,
+        *,
+        public_key_hex: str,
+        generated_at: int,
+        window_hours: int = 24,
+        interval_minutes: int = 60,
+        model_limit: int = 10,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        _ = (public_key_hex, generated_at, window_hours, interval_minutes, model_limit)
+        return {
+            "schema": analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA,
+            "generated_at": generated_at,
+            "provider_id": provider_id,
+            "summary": {"total_requests": 1},
+        }
+
+    async def fake_publish(relay_url: str, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        _ = relay_url
+        published_events.append(event)
+        return True
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "enable_analytics_sharing", True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "nsec", "11" * 32)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "relays", ["wss://relay.example.com"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.settings, "provider_id", "")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics, "build_stats_snapshot_payload", fake_build_payload)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics, "publish_to_relay", fake_publish)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(analytics.asyncio, "sleep", fake_sleep)
+
+    await analytics.publish_usage_analytics()
+
+    assert len(published_events) == 1
+    assert ["schema", analytics.ANALYTICS_SCHEMA] in published_events[0].get("tags", [])

tests/unit/test_proxy_not_found.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Tests for the built-in 404 handler in routstr.proxy."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from routstr import proxy
+from routstr.proxy import proxy_router
+
+
+def _make_app() -> FastAPI:
+    app = FastAPI()
+    app.include_router(proxy_router)
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    proxy._NOT_FOUND_HTML is None,
+    reason="UI bundle (ui_out/404.html) not present in this environment",
+)
+def test_unknown_path_returns_html_404_for_browser() -> None:
+    client = TestClient(_make_app())
+    response = client.get("/some/random/page", headers={"accept": "text/html"})
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+    assert response.headers["content-type"].startswith("text/html")
+    assert "404" in response.text
+
+
+def test_unknown_path_returns_json_404_for_api_client() -> None:
+    client = TestClient(_make_app())
+    response = client.get(
+        "/some/random/page", headers={"accept": "application/json"}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+    assert response.headers["content-type"].startswith("application/json")
+    payload = response.json()
+    assert payload["error"]["type"] == "not_found"
+    assert payload["error"]["code"] == 404
+    assert "/some/random/page" in payload["error"]["message"]
+
+
+def test_root_path_returns_404_for_proxy_router() -> None:
+    client = TestClient(_make_app())
+    response = client.get("/", headers={"accept": "application/json"})
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+
+
+def test_v1_path_is_not_intercepted_by_404_handler() -> None:
+    """Paths starting with v1/ must reach the proxy logic, not the 404 handler."""
+    client = TestClient(_make_app(), raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/v1/anything")
+    if response.status_code == 404:
+        # Any 404 here must come from inner proxy logic, not our HTML page.
+        assert "<!DOCTYPE html>" not in response.text
+
+
+def test_json_returned_when_ui_html_missing(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(proxy, "_NOT_FOUND_HTML", None)
+    client = TestClient(_make_app())
+    response = client.get("/some/random/page", headers={"accept": "text/html"})
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+    assert response.headers["content-type"].startswith("application/json")

tests/unit/test_settings.py

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 import os
 
 import pytest
+from pydantic.v1 import ValidationError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
+from sqlmodel import text
 from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
 
-from routstr.core.settings import SettingsService
+from routstr.core.settings import Settings, SettingsService
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_settings_seed_from_env_and_persist() -> None:
     os.environ["UPSTREAM_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.test/v1"
     os.environ.pop("ONION_URL", None)
+    os.environ.pop("ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING", None)
 
     engine = create_async_engine("sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:")
     async with AsyncSession(engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
@@ -19,19 +22,101 @@ async def test_settings_seed_from_env_and_persist() -> None:
         assert settings.upstream_base_url == "https://api.test/v1"
         # ONION_URL may be empty if not discoverable
         assert isinstance(settings.onion_url, str)
+        assert settings.enable_analytics_sharing is True
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_settings_db_precedence_over_env() -> None:
     os.environ["UPSTREAM_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.env/v1"
+    os.environ["ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING"] = "true"
 
     engine = create_async_engine("sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:")
     async with AsyncSession(engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
         _ = await SettingsService.initialize(session)
-        updated = await SettingsService.update({"name": "DBName"}, session)
+        updated = await SettingsService.update(
+            {"name": "DBName", "enable_analytics_sharing": False}, session
+        )
         assert updated.name == "DBName"
+        assert updated.enable_analytics_sharing is False
 
         # Change env and re-initialize; DB should still win
         os.environ["NAME"] = "EnvName"
+        os.environ["ENABLE_ANALYTICS_SHARING"] = "true"
         again = await SettingsService.initialize(session)
         assert again.name == "DBName"
+        assert again.enable_analytics_sharing is False
+
+
+def test_payout_settings_have_sensible_defaults() -> None:
+    s = Settings()
+    assert s.min_payout_sat == 210
+    assert s.payout_interval_seconds == 900
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "field,bad_value",
+    [
+        ("min_payout_sat", 0),
+        ("min_payout_sat", -1),
+        ("payout_interval_seconds", 0),
+        ("payout_interval_seconds", -10),
+    ],
+)
+def test_payout_settings_reject_invalid_values(field: str, bad_value: int) -> None:
+    kwargs: dict[str, object] = {field: bad_value}
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        Settings(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+def test_payout_settings_accept_custom_positive_values() -> None:
+    s = Settings(min_payout_sat=500, payout_interval_seconds=60)
+    assert s.min_payout_sat == 500
+    assert s.payout_interval_seconds == 60
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_payout_settings_persist_via_settings_service() -> None:
+    engine = create_async_engine("sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:")
+    async with AsyncSession(engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        await SettingsService.initialize(session)
+        updated = await SettingsService.update(
+            {"min_payout_sat": 1000, "payout_interval_seconds": 300}, session
+        )
+        assert updated.min_payout_sat == 1000
+        assert updated.payout_interval_seconds == 300
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_payout_settings_update_rejects_invalid() -> None:
+    engine = create_async_engine("sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:")
+    async with AsyncSession(engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        await SettingsService.initialize(session)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            await SettingsService.update({"min_payout_sat": 0}, session)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_settings_initialize_discards_unknown_keys() -> None:
+    engine = create_async_engine("sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:")
+    async with AsyncSession(engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        _ = await SettingsService.initialize(session)
+
+        # Simulate older persisted key name and an unknown key.
+        await session.exec(  # type: ignore
+            text(
+                "UPDATE settings SET data = :data WHERE id = 1"
+            ).bindparams(
+                data='{"name":"LegacyNode","nostr_analytics_enabled":false,"unknown_key":123}'
+            )
+        )
+        await session.commit()
+
+        reloaded = await SettingsService.initialize(session)
+        assert reloaded.name == "LegacyNode"
+        assert reloaded.enable_analytics_sharing is True
+
+        row = await session.exec(text("SELECT data FROM settings WHERE id = 1"))  # type: ignore
+        stored_data = row.first()[0]
+        assert '"enable_analytics_sharing": true' in stored_data
+        assert "nostr_analytics_enabled" not in stored_data
+        assert "unknown_key" not in stored_data

tests/unit/test_stream_id_injection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.core.db import ApiKey
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stream_with_id_injection() -> None:
+    """Test that stream_with_cost correctly injects IDs into complete JSON chunks but skips partials."""
+    provider = BaseUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://api.example.com", api_key="test_key"
+    )
+
+    # Mock response with mixed chunks:
+    # 1. Complete JSON without ID
+    # 2. Partial JSON (should be passed through)
+    # 3. Complete JSON with ID (should be preserved or updated if requested_model is set)
+    # 4. [DONE] message
+    chunks = [
+        b'data: {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": "Hello"}}]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": "',  # Partial
+        b'world"}}]}\n\n',
+        b'data: {"id": "existing-id", "choices": [{"delta": {"content": "!"}}]}\n\n',
+        b"data: [DONE]\n\n",
+    ]
+
+    async def aiter_bytes() -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            yield chunk
+
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.status_code = 200
+    mock_response.headers = {"content-type": "text/event-stream"}
+    mock_response.aiter_bytes = aiter_bytes
+
+    key = MagicMock(spec=ApiKey)
+    key.hashed_key = "test_hash"
+    key.balance = 1000
+
+    background_tasks = MagicMock()
+
+    # We need to mock adjust_payment_for_tokens since it's called at the end
+    with MagicMock():
+        from routstr.upstream import base
+
+        # Mocking the module-level function used in the generator
+        base.adjust_payment_for_tokens = AsyncMock(
+            return_value={"total_usd": 0.1, "total_msats": 100}
+        )
+        # create_session() is used as an async context manager whose entered
+        # value exposes an awaitable .get(). Build a mock that behaves that
+        # way so the post-stream cost-chunk emission can run.
+        mock_session = MagicMock()
+        mock_session.get = AsyncMock(return_value=key)
+        mock_ctx = MagicMock()
+        mock_ctx.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_session)
+        mock_ctx.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        base.create_session = MagicMock(return_value=mock_ctx)
+
+        streaming_response = await provider.handle_streaming_chat_completion(
+            response=mock_response,
+            key=key,
+            max_cost_for_model=100,
+            background_tasks=background_tasks,
+            requested_model="test-model",
+        )
+
+        results = []
+        async for chunk in streaming_response.body_iterator:
+            results.append(chunk)
+
+        # Parse results
+        parsed_results = []
+        for r in results:
+            if isinstance(r, bytes) and r.startswith(b"data: "):
+                data = r[6:].decode().strip()
+                if data == "[DONE]":
+                    parsed_results.append(data)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        parsed_results.append(json.loads(data))
+                    except (json.JSONDecodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+                        parsed_results.append(
+                            data
+                        )  # Keep as string if it failed to parse
+
+        # Verifications
+        # 1. First chunk should have an injected ID and the requested model
+        assert isinstance(parsed_results[0], dict)
+        assert "id" in parsed_results[0]
+        assert parsed_results[0]["id"].startswith("chatcmpl-")
+        assert parsed_results[0]["model"] == "test-model"
+
+        # 2. Second chunk was partial, should be passed as-is
+        # In current implementation, re.split(b"data: ", b'data: {...') gives ['', '{...']
+        # The first empty part is skipped. The second part is processed.
+
+        # Check that we have results
+        assert len(parsed_results) >= 4
+
+        # Find the chunk that was "existing-id"
+        id_chunk = next(
+            r
+            for r in parsed_results
+            if isinstance(r, dict)
+            and "choices" in r
+            and r["choices"][0]["delta"].get("content") == "!"
+        )
+        assert id_chunk["id"] == parsed_results[0]["id"]
+        assert id_chunk["model"] == "test-model"
+
+        # 4. [DONE] should be there
+        assert "[DONE]" in parsed_results

tests/unit/test_upstream_azure.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""Tests for Azure upstream provider request normalization."""
+
+from routstr.payment.models import Architecture, Model, Pricing
+from routstr.upstream.azure import AzureUpstreamProvider
+
+
+def create_test_model(model_id: str, canonical_slug: str | None = None) -> Model:
+    return Model(
+        id=model_id,
+        name=model_id,
+        created=0,
+        description="test",
+        context_length=8192,
+        architecture=Architecture(
+            modality="text",
+            input_modalities=["text"],
+            output_modalities=["text"],
+            tokenizer="test",
+            instruct_type=None,
+        ),
+        pricing=Pricing(
+            prompt=0.001,
+            completion=0.001,
+            request=0.0,
+            image=0.0,
+            web_search=0.0,
+            internal_reasoning=0.0,
+        ),
+        canonical_slug=canonical_slug,
+    )
+
+
+def test_prepare_headers_uses_azure_api_key_header() -> None:
+    provider = AzureUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://example.openai.azure.com",
+        api_key="azure-key",
+        api_version="2024-02-15-preview",
+    )
+
+    headers = provider.prepare_headers({"Authorization": "Bearer user-token"})
+
+    assert headers["api-key"] == "azure-key"
+    assert "Authorization" not in headers
+    assert "authorization" not in headers
+
+
+def test_prepare_params_normalizes_azure_api_version() -> None:
+    provider = AzureUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://example.openai.azure.com",
+        api_key="azure-key",
+        api_version="\ufeff v1 ",
+    )
+
+    params = provider.prepare_params("chat/completions", {})
+
+    assert params["api-version"] == "2024-02-15-preview"
+
+
+def test_normalize_request_path_includes_deployment_id() -> None:
+    provider = AzureUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://example.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+        api_key="azure-key",
+        api_version="2024-02-15-preview",
+    )
+    model = create_test_model("azure/gpt-4o", canonical_slug="deploy-gpt4o")
+
+    path = provider.normalize_request_path("v1/chat/completions", model)
+
+    assert path == "openai/deployments/deploy-gpt4o/chat/completions"
+
+
+def test_get_request_base_url_strips_openai_v1_suffix() -> None:
+    provider = AzureUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://example.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+        api_key="azure-key",
+        api_version="2024-02-15-preview",
+    )
+    model = create_test_model("azure/gpt-4o")
+
+    base_url = provider.get_request_base_url("chat/completions", model)
+
+    assert base_url == "https://example.openai.azure.com"

tests/unit/test_upstream_error_response.py

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""Tests for ``BaseUpstreamProvider.forward_upstream_error_response``.
+
+Upstream services (e.g. an Express server that doesn't expose ``/messages``)
+sometimes return a non-JSON error body. The proxy must surface those errors
+in a consistent JSON envelope so clients don't have to parse HTML.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider, _is_json_content_type
+
+
+def _make_request(request_id: str = "req-123") -> Mock:
+    request = Mock(spec=["method", "state"])
+    request.method = "POST"
+    request.state = Mock()
+    request.state.request_id = request_id
+    return request
+
+
+def _make_upstream_response(
+    *,
+    body: bytes,
+    status_code: int = 404,
+    content_type: str | None = "text/html",
+    extra_headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> httpx.Response:
+    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+    if content_type is not None:
+        headers["content-type"] = content_type
+    if extra_headers:
+        headers.update(extra_headers)
+    return httpx.Response(status_code=status_code, headers=headers, content=body)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def provider() -> BaseUpstreamProvider:
+    return BaseUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://privateprovider.xyz", api_key="k", provider_fee=1.0
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "content_type,expected",
+    [
+        ("application/json", True),
+        ("application/json; charset=utf-8", True),
+        ("text/json", True),
+        ("application/problem+json", True),
+        ("application/vnd.api+json", True),
+        ("text/html", False),
+        ("text/html; charset=utf-8", False),
+        ("text/plain", False),
+        ("", False),
+        (None, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_json_content_type(content_type: str | None, expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert _is_json_content_type(content_type) is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_html_error_is_normalized_to_json_envelope(
+    provider: BaseUpstreamProvider,
+) -> None:
+    html_body = (
+        b"<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Error</title></head>"
+        b"<body><pre>Cannot POST /messages</pre></body></html>"
+    )
+    upstream = _make_upstream_response(body=html_body, status_code=404)
+
+    response = await provider.forward_upstream_error_response(
+        _make_request(), "v1/messages", upstream
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+    assert response.media_type == "application/json"
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = json.loads(bytes(response.body))
+    assert payload["error"]["type"] == "upstream_error"
+    assert payload["error"]["upstream_status"] == 404
+    assert payload["error"]["upstream_content_type"] == "text/html"
+    assert "Cannot POST /messages" in payload["error"]["upstream_body_preview"]
+    assert payload["request_id"] == "req-123"
+    # The upstream's text/html content-type must not survive — Response()
+    # sets the JSON content-type for us via media_type.
+    assert response.headers["content-type"].startswith("application/json")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_plain_text_error_is_normalized(
+    provider: BaseUpstreamProvider,
+) -> None:
+    upstream = _make_upstream_response(
+        body=b"Service Unavailable", status_code=503, content_type="text/plain"
+    )
+
+    response = await provider.forward_upstream_error_response(
+        _make_request(), "v1/messages", upstream
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    assert response.media_type == "application/json"
+    payload = json.loads(bytes(response.body))
+    assert payload["error"]["message"] == "Service Unavailable"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_empty_body_with_non_json_content_type_normalizes(
+    provider: BaseUpstreamProvider,
+) -> None:
+    upstream = _make_upstream_response(
+        body=b"", status_code=502, content_type="text/html"
+    )
+
+    response = await provider.forward_upstream_error_response(
+        _make_request(), "v1/messages", upstream
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 502
+    assert response.media_type == "application/json"
+    payload = json.loads(bytes(response.body))
+    assert payload["error"]["type"] == "upstream_error"
+    assert payload["error"]["upstream_body_preview"] is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_json_error_body_is_passed_through_unchanged(
+    provider: BaseUpstreamProvider,
+) -> None:
+    json_body = json.dumps(
+        {"error": {"message": "Invalid model", "type": "invalid_request_error"}}
+    ).encode()
+    upstream = _make_upstream_response(
+        body=json_body, status_code=400, content_type="application/json"
+    )
+
+    response = await provider.forward_upstream_error_response(
+        _make_request(), "v1/messages", upstream
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+    assert bytes(response.body) == json_body
+    assert response.media_type == "application/json"

tests/unit/test_upstream_gemini.py

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+"""Unit tests for the Gemini /v1/messages dispatch path.
+
+The Gemini upstream needs special handling because its OpenAI-compat
+surface rejects inbound ``functionCall`` parts that lack a
+``thought_signature``. We bypass litellm + openai SDK at the wire layer
+(see ``routstr/upstream/gemini_messages.py``) so we can inject Google's
+documented dummy signature (``"skip_thought_signature_validator"``).
+
+These tests cover the two pure helpers that drive the dispatcher:
+
+* ``inject_thought_signatures`` — request-side injection
+* ``_openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events`` — response-side translator
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.upstream.gemini_messages import (
+    DUMMY_THOUGHT_SIGNATURE,
+    _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events,
+    inject_thought_signatures,
+)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# inject_thought_signatures
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_inject_thought_signatures_adds_dummy_to_each_tool_call() -> None:
+    messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+        {"role": "user", "content": "do thing"},
+        {
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "tool_calls": [
+                {
+                    "id": "toolu_1",
+                    "type": "function",
+                    "function": {"name": "Bash", "arguments": "{}"},
+                },
+                {
+                    "id": "toolu_2",
+                    "type": "function",
+                    "function": {"name": "Read", "arguments": "{}"},
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    ]
+
+    inject_thought_signatures(messages)
+
+    for tc in messages[1]["tool_calls"]:
+        assert (
+            tc["extra_content"]["google"]["thought_signature"]
+            == DUMMY_THOUGHT_SIGNATURE
+        )
+
+
+def test_inject_thought_signatures_preserves_existing_signature() -> None:
+    """Don't clobber a real signature that came back from a prior turn."""
+    messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+        {
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "tool_calls": [
+                {
+                    "id": "tc1",
+                    "type": "function",
+                    "function": {"name": "fn", "arguments": "{}"},
+                    "extra_content": {
+                        "google": {"thought_signature": "real-signature"}
+                    },
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+    ]
+
+    inject_thought_signatures(messages)
+
+    assert (
+        messages[0]["tool_calls"][0]["extra_content"]["google"][
+            "thought_signature"
+        ]
+        == "real-signature"
+    )
+
+
+def test_inject_thought_signatures_skips_messages_without_tool_calls() -> None:
+    messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+        {"role": "user", "content": "hi"},
+        {"role": "assistant", "content": "hello"},
+    ]
+
+    inject_thought_signatures(messages)
+
+    for m in messages:
+        assert "extra_content" not in m
+
+
+def test_inject_thought_signatures_handles_malformed_extra_content() -> None:
+    """If a caller already set ``extra_content`` to a non-dict (defensive),
+    we replace it instead of crashing."""
+    messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+        {
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "tool_calls": [
+                {
+                    "id": "tc",
+                    "type": "function",
+                    "function": {"name": "fn", "arguments": "{}"},
+                    "extra_content": "garbage",
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+    ]
+
+    inject_thought_signatures(messages)
+
+    extra = messages[0]["tool_calls"][0]["extra_content"]
+    assert isinstance(extra, dict)
+    assert extra["google"]["thought_signature"] == DUMMY_THOUGHT_SIGNATURE
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+async def _lines(*chunks: dict | str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+    """Helper to wrap chunk dicts as SSE-style ``data:`` lines."""
+    for c in chunks:
+        if isinstance(c, dict):
+            yield f"data: {json.dumps(c)}"
+        else:
+            yield c
+
+
+def _parse_anthropic_sse(blocks: list[bytes]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Flatten a list of Anthropic SSE byte chunks into event dicts."""
+    events: list[dict] = []
+    for blob in blocks:
+        text = blob.decode()
+        for entry in text.split("\n\n"):
+            for line in entry.splitlines():
+                if line.startswith("data:"):
+                    events.append(json.loads(line[5:].lstrip()))
+    return events
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_translator_emits_text_only_response() -> None:
+    """Plain text response: message_start → content_block_* (text) →
+    message_delta(end_turn) → message_stop."""
+    chunks: list[dict] = [
+        {
+            "id": "chatcmpl-1",
+            "model": "gemini-2.5-flash",
+            "choices": [{"index": 0, "delta": {"role": "assistant"}}],
+        },
+        {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": "Hello"}}]},
+        {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": ", world"}}]},
+        {
+            "choices": [{"delta": {}, "finish_reason": "stop"}],
+            "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 5, "completion_tokens": 7},
+        },
+    ]
+
+    out = []
+    async for event_bytes in _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events(
+        _lines(*chunks), requested_model="gemini-2.5-flash"
+    ):
+        out.append(event_bytes)
+
+    events = _parse_anthropic_sse(out)
+    types = [e["type"] for e in events]
+    assert types == [
+        "message_start",
+        "content_block_start",
+        "content_block_delta",
+        "content_block_delta",
+        "content_block_stop",
+        "message_delta",
+        "message_stop",
+    ]
+    # Text deltas concatenate to "Hello, world".
+    text_deltas = [
+        e["delta"]["text"]
+        for e in events
+        if e["type"] == "content_block_delta"
+    ]
+    assert "".join(text_deltas) == "Hello, world"
+    # Stop reason was mapped from openai's "stop".
+    msg_delta = next(e for e in events if e["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert msg_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "end_turn"
+    assert msg_delta["usage"]["input_tokens"] == 5
+    assert msg_delta["usage"]["output_tokens"] == 7
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_translator_emits_tool_use_block() -> None:
+    """tool_calls split across deltas → tool_use content block with
+    accumulated input_json_delta and stop_reason='tool_use'."""
+    chunks: list[dict] = [
+        {
+            "id": "chatcmpl-2",
+            "model": "gemini-2.5-flash",
+            "choices": [{"delta": {"role": "assistant"}}],
+        },
+        {
+            "choices": [
+                {
+                    "delta": {
+                        "tool_calls": [
+                            {
+                                "index": 0,
+                                "id": "call-abc",
+                                "type": "function",
+                                "function": {
+                                    "name": "Bash",
+                                    "arguments": '{"cmd":',
+                                },
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "choices": [
+                {
+                    "delta": {
+                        "tool_calls": [
+                            {
+                                "index": 0,
+                                "function": {"arguments": ' "ls"}'},
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {"choices": [{"delta": {}, "finish_reason": "tool_calls"}]},
+    ]
+
+    out = []
+    async for event_bytes in _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events(
+        _lines(*chunks), requested_model="gemini-2.5-flash"
+    ):
+        out.append(event_bytes)
+
+    events = _parse_anthropic_sse(out)
+    types = [e["type"] for e in events]
+    assert types == [
+        "message_start",
+        "content_block_start",
+        "content_block_delta",
+        "content_block_delta",
+        "content_block_stop",
+        "message_delta",
+        "message_stop",
+    ]
+    # Tool use block was opened with the right name.
+    cb_start = next(e for e in events if e["type"] == "content_block_start")
+    assert cb_start["content_block"]["type"] == "tool_use"
+    assert cb_start["content_block"]["name"] == "Bash"
+    assert cb_start["content_block"]["id"] == "call-abc"
+    # Argument deltas were forwarded as input_json_delta partials.
+    deltas = [e for e in events if e["type"] == "content_block_delta"]
+    assert all(d["delta"]["type"] == "input_json_delta" for d in deltas)
+    assert "".join(d["delta"]["partial_json"] for d in deltas) == (
+        '{"cmd": "ls"}'
+    )
+    # tool_calls finish_reason → tool_use stop_reason.
+    msg_delta = next(e for e in events if e["type"] == "message_delta")
+    assert msg_delta["delta"]["stop_reason"] == "tool_use"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_translator_handles_done_sentinel_and_blank_lines() -> None:
+    """Spec edge cases from openai SSE: ``data: [DONE]``, blank lines,
+    invalid JSON. Translator should skip them gracefully."""
+    chunks: list[dict | str] = [
+        {
+            "id": "x",
+            "model": "m",
+            "choices": [{"delta": {"role": "assistant"}}],
+        },
+        {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": "ok"}}]},
+        "",
+        ": comment",
+        "data: not-json",
+        "data: [DONE]",
+        {"choices": [{"delta": {}, "finish_reason": "stop"}]},
+    ]
+
+    out = []
+    async for event_bytes in _openai_chunks_to_anthropic_events(
+        _lines(*chunks), requested_model=None
+    ):
+        out.append(event_bytes)
+
+    events = _parse_anthropic_sse(out)
+    assert events[0]["type"] == "message_start"
+    assert events[-1]["type"] == "message_stop"
+    text = "".join(
+        e["delta"]["text"]
+        for e in events
+        if e["type"] == "content_block_delta"
+    )
+    assert text == "ok"

tests/unit/test_upstream_routstr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from routstr.upstream.routstr import RoutstrUpstreamProvider
+
+
+class DummyAsyncClient:
+    def __init__(self, response: Mock | None = None, error: Exception | None = None):
+        self.response = response
+        self.error = error
+        self.calls: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "DummyAsyncClient":
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    async def get(
+        self, url: str, headers: dict[str, str], timeout: float
+    ) -> Mock:
+        self.calls.append({"url": url, "headers": headers, "timeout": timeout})
+        if self.error is not None:
+            raise self.error
+        assert self.response is not None
+        return self.response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_balance_omits_auth_header_when_api_key_missing(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    response = Mock()
+    response.json.return_value = {"balance_msats": 42000}
+    response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+
+    client = DummyAsyncClient(response=response)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("routstr.upstream.routstr.httpx.AsyncClient", lambda: client)
+
+    provider = RoutstrUpstreamProvider(base_url="https://node.example", api_key="")
+
+    balance = await provider.get_balance()
+
+    assert balance == 42.0
+    assert client.calls == [
+        {
+            "url": "https://node.example/v1/balance/info",
+            "headers": {},
+            "timeout": 10.0,
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_balance_returns_none_on_connect_timeout(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    client = DummyAsyncClient(error=httpx.ConnectTimeout("timed out"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr("routstr.upstream.routstr.httpx.AsyncClient", lambda: client)
+
+    provider = RoutstrUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://node.example",
+        api_key="secret",
+    )
+
+    balance = await provider.get_balance()
+
+    assert balance is None
+
+
+def test_normalize_request_path_keeps_v1_prefix() -> None:
+    """Routstr upstream stores ``base_url`` without ``/v1``; the prefix
+    must stay on the path so ``build_request_url`` produces ``/v1/<endpoint>``
+    instead of ``/<endpoint>`` (which the upstream Routstr 404s with HTML)."""
+    provider = RoutstrUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://privateprovider.xyz", api_key="key"
+    )
+
+    assert provider.normalize_request_path("v1/messages") == "v1/messages"
+    assert provider.normalize_request_path("/v1/messages") == "v1/messages"
+    assert (
+        provider.normalize_request_path("v1/chat/completions")
+        == "v1/chat/completions"
+    )
+
+
+def test_build_request_url_for_v1_messages() -> None:
+    """Forwarding ``/v1/messages`` must hit the upstream's ``/v1/messages``."""
+    provider = RoutstrUpstreamProvider(
+        base_url="https://privateprovider.xyz", api_key="key"
+    )
+
+    normalized = provider.normalize_request_path("v1/messages")
+
+    assert (
+        provider.build_request_url(normalized)
+        == "https://privateprovider.xyz/v1/messages"
+    )
+
+
+def test_supports_anthropic_messages_natively() -> None:
+    """Routstr nodes serve ``/v1/messages`` directly, so the proxy must
+    forward as-is instead of round-tripping through litellm."""
+    assert RoutstrUpstreamProvider.supports_anthropic_messages is True

tests/unit/test_wallet.py

@@ -108,6 +108,92 @@ async def test_credit_balance() -> None:
             assert mock_session.refresh.called
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_swap_to_primary_mint_insufficient_for_fees() -> None:
+    """Token amount is less than melt_quote.amount + melt_quote.fee_reserve."""
+    from routstr.wallet import swap_to_primary_mint
+
+    mock_token = Mock()
+    mock_token.mint = "http://foreign:3338"
+    mock_token.unit = "sat"
+    mock_token.amount = 404
+    mock_token.keysets = ["keyset1"]
+    mock_token.proofs = [{"amount": 404}]
+
+    mock_token_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_primary_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_mint_quote = Mock()
+    mock_mint_quote.quote = "mint_quote_123"
+    mock_mint_quote.request = "lnbc1..."
+    mock_primary_wallet.request_mint = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_mint_quote)
+
+    mock_melt_quote = Mock()
+    mock_melt_quote.quote = "melt_quote_123"
+    mock_melt_quote.amount = 400
+    mock_melt_quote.fee_reserve = 12  # total needed: 412 > 404
+    mock_token_wallet.melt_quote = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_melt_quote)
+
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings
+
+    with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint", "http://primary:3338"):
+        with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint_unit", "sat"):
+            with patch("routstr.wallet.get_wallet", return_value=mock_primary_wallet):
+                with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="insufficient to cover melt fees"):
+                    await swap_to_primary_mint(mock_token, mock_token_wallet)
+
+    # melt should never have been called
+    mock_token_wallet.melt.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_swap_to_primary_mint_melt_error_wrapped() -> None:
+    """Melt failure from cashu lib is wrapped as ValueError."""
+    from routstr.wallet import swap_to_primary_mint
+
+    mock_token = Mock()
+    mock_token.mint = "http://foreign:3338"
+    mock_token.unit = "sat"
+    mock_token.amount = 5000
+    mock_token.keysets = ["keyset1"]
+    mock_token.proofs = [{"amount": 5000}]
+
+    mock_token_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_primary_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_mint_quote = Mock()
+    mock_mint_quote.quote = "mint_quote_456"
+    mock_mint_quote.request = "lnbc1..."
+    mock_primary_wallet.request_mint = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_mint_quote)
+
+    mock_melt_quote = Mock()
+    mock_melt_quote.quote = "melt_quote_456"
+    mock_melt_quote.amount = 4940
+    mock_melt_quote.fee_reserve = 50  # total 4990 < 5000, passes fee check
+    mock_token_wallet.melt_quote = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_melt_quote)
+    mock_token_wallet.melt = AsyncMock(
+        side_effect=Exception("Provided: 5000, needed: 5100 (Code: 11000)")
+    )
+
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings
+
+    with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint", "http://primary:3338"):
+        with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint_unit", "sat"):
+            with patch("routstr.wallet.get_wallet", return_value=mock_primary_wallet):
+                with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Failed to melt token"):
+                    await swap_to_primary_mint(mock_token, mock_token_wallet)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_recieve_token_untrusted_mint() -> None:
     mock_wallet = Mock()
@@ -131,3 +217,104 @@ async def test_recieve_token_untrusted_mint() -> None:
                 assert amount == 900
                 assert unit == "sat"
                 assert mint == "http://mint:3338"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_swap_to_primary_mint_already_on_primary() -> None:
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings
+    from routstr.wallet import swap_to_primary_mint
+
+    mock_token = Mock()
+    mock_token.mint = settings.primary_mint
+    mock_token.amount = 1000
+    mock_token.unit = "sat"
+    mock_token.proofs = []
+
+    mock_token_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_token_wallet.split = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    mock_token_wallet.request_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_token_wallet.melt_quote = AsyncMock()
+
+    with patch("routstr.wallet.get_wallet", AsyncMock(return_value=mock_token_wallet)):
+        amount, unit, mint = await swap_to_primary_mint(mock_token, mock_token_wallet)
+
+    assert amount == 1000
+    assert unit == "sat"
+    assert mint == settings.primary_mint
+    mock_token_wallet.split.assert_called_once()
+    mock_token_wallet.request_mint.assert_not_called()
+    mock_token_wallet.melt_quote.assert_not_called()
+
+
+async def test_swap_to_primary_mint_success() -> None:
+    """Test successful swap with dynamic fee calculation."""
+    from routstr.wallet import swap_to_primary_mint
+
+    mock_token = Mock()
+    mock_token.mint = "http://foreign:3338"
+    mock_token.unit = "sat"
+    mock_token.amount = 1000
+    mock_token.keysets = ["keyset1"]
+    mock_token.proofs = [{"amount": 1000}]
+
+    mock_token_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_token_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    mock_primary_wallet = Mock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_mint = AsyncMock()
+    mock_primary_wallet.load_proofs = AsyncMock()
+
+    # Mocks for the estimation phase
+    # 1. request_mint(dummy_amount=1000) -> invoice_dummy
+    # 2. melt_quote(invoice_dummy) -> fee=10
+
+    # Mocks for the execution phase
+    # 3. request_mint(minted_amount=990) -> invoice_real
+    # 4. melt_quote(invoice_real) -> amount=990, fee=10
+    # 5. melt() -> success
+    # 6. mint() -> success
+
+    mock_mint_quote_dummy = Mock(quote="dummy_quote", request="lnbc_dummy")
+    mock_mint_quote_real = Mock(quote="real_quote", request="lnbc_real")
+
+    # side_effect for request_mint to return dummy then real
+    mock_primary_wallet.request_mint = AsyncMock(
+        side_effect=[mock_mint_quote_dummy, mock_mint_quote_real]
+    )
+
+    mock_melt_quote_dummy = Mock(amount=1000, fee_reserve=10)
+    mock_melt_quote_real = Mock(amount=990, fee_reserve=10)
+
+    # side_effect for melt_quote
+    mock_token_wallet.melt_quote = AsyncMock(
+        side_effect=[mock_melt_quote_dummy, mock_melt_quote_real]
+    )
+
+    mock_token_wallet.melt = AsyncMock(return_value="melted_proofs")
+    mock_primary_wallet.mint = AsyncMock(return_value="minted_proofs")
+
+    from routstr.core.settings import settings
+
+    with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint", "http://primary:3338"):
+        with patch.object(settings, "primary_mint_unit", "sat"):
+            with patch("routstr.wallet.get_wallet", return_value=mock_primary_wallet):
+                amount, unit, mint = await swap_to_primary_mint(
+                    mock_token, mock_token_wallet
+                )
+
+                assert amount == 990  # 1000 - 10
+                assert unit == "sat"
+                assert mint == "http://primary:3338"
+
+                # Verify call order/counts
+                assert mock_primary_wallet.request_mint.call_count == 2
+                # First call with full amount for estimation
+                mock_primary_wallet.request_mint.assert_any_call(1000)
+                # Second call with calculated amount
+                mock_primary_wallet.request_mint.assert_any_call(990)
+
+                assert mock_token_wallet.melt_quote.call_count == 2
+                assert mock_token_wallet.melt.called
+                assert mock_primary_wallet.mint.called

tests/unit/test_x_cashu_cost_sats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+import json
+import os
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_BASE_URL", "http://test")
+os.environ.setdefault("UPSTREAM_API_KEY", "test")
+
+from routstr.payment.cost_calculation import CostData  # noqa: E402
+from routstr.upstream.base import BaseUpstreamProvider  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def _make_provider() -> BaseUpstreamProvider:
+    return BaseUpstreamProvider(base_url="http://test", api_key="test-key")
+
+
+def _make_httpx_response(status_code: int = 200) -> httpx.Response:
+    return httpx.Response(status_code, headers={})
+
+
+def _make_cost_data(total_msats: int = 5000) -> CostData:
+    return CostData(
+        base_msats=0,
+        input_msats=3000,
+        output_msats=2000,
+        total_msats=total_msats,
+        total_usd=0.00025,
+        input_tokens=100,
+        output_tokens=50,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Non-streaming (chat completions)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_non_streaming_includes_cost_sats() -> None:
+    provider = _make_provider()
+    cost_data = _make_cost_data(total_msats=5000)
+
+    response_body = {
+        "model": "gpt-4o",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "total_tokens": 150,
+            "cost": 0.00025,
+        },
+    }
+    content_str = json.dumps(response_body)
+    httpx_response = _make_httpx_response()
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(provider, "get_x_cashu_cost", new=AsyncMock(return_value=cost_data)),
+        patch.object(provider, "send_refund", new=AsyncMock(return_value="cashuA_refund_token")),
+    ):
+        response = await provider.handle_x_cashu_non_streaming_response(
+            content_str=content_str,
+            response=httpx_response,
+            amount=10000,
+            unit="msat",
+            max_cost_for_model=10000,
+            mint=None,
+            payment_token_hash=None,
+        )
+
+    body = json.loads(response.body)
+    assert "cost_sats" in body["usage"]
+    assert body["usage"]["cost_sats"] == 5  # 5000 msats // 1000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_non_streaming_cost_sats_value_rounds_down() -> None:
+    provider = _make_provider()
+    cost_data = _make_cost_data(total_msats=1999)
+
+    response_body = {"model": "gpt-4o", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 10}}
+    content_str = json.dumps(response_body)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(provider, "get_x_cashu_cost", new=AsyncMock(return_value=cost_data)),
+        patch.object(provider, "send_refund", new=AsyncMock(return_value="cashuA_refund_token")),
+    ):
+        response = await provider.handle_x_cashu_non_streaming_response(
+            content_str=content_str,
+            response=_make_httpx_response(),
+            amount=10000,
+            unit="msat",
+            max_cost_for_model=10000,
+        )
+
+    body = json.loads(response.body)
+    assert body["usage"]["cost_sats"] == 1  # 1999 // 1000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_non_streaming_preserves_existing_usage_fields() -> None:
+    provider = _make_provider()
+    cost_data = _make_cost_data(total_msats=3000)
+
+    response_body = {
+        "model": "gpt-4o",
+        "usage": {
+            "prompt_tokens": 100,
+            "completion_tokens": 50,
+            "total_tokens": 150,
+            "cost": 0.00015,
+        },
+    }
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(provider, "get_x_cashu_cost", new=AsyncMock(return_value=cost_data)),
+        patch.object(provider, "send_refund", new=AsyncMock(return_value="cashuA_refund_token")),
+    ):
+        response = await provider.handle_x_cashu_non_streaming_response(
+            content_str=json.dumps(response_body),
+            response=_make_httpx_response(),
+            amount=10000,
+            unit="msat",
+            max_cost_for_model=10000,
+        )
+
+    body = json.loads(response.body)
+    usage = body["usage"]
+    assert usage["prompt_tokens"] == 100
+    assert usage["completion_tokens"] == 50
+    assert usage["total_tokens"] == 150
+    assert usage["cost"] == 0.00015
+    assert usage["cost_sats"] == 3
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Streaming (chat completions)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+async def _collect_streaming(response: object) -> list[str]:
+    chunks: list[str] = []
+    async for chunk in response.body_iterator:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if isinstance(chunk, bytes):
+            chunks.append(chunk.decode("utf-8"))
+        else:
+            chunks.append(str(chunk))
+    return chunks
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_includes_cost_sats_in_usage_chunk() -> None:
+    provider = _make_provider()
+    cost_data = _make_cost_data(total_msats=7000)
+
+    usage_chunk = {
+        "id": "chatcmpl-123",
+        "model": "gpt-4o",
+        "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 100, "completion_tokens": 50, "total_tokens": 150},
+    }
+    content_str = "\n".join([
+        'data: {"id":"chatcmpl-123","model":"gpt-4o","choices":[]}',
+        f"data: {json.dumps(usage_chunk)}",
+        "data: [DONE]",
+    ])
+
+    with patch.object(provider, "get_x_cashu_cost", new=AsyncMock(return_value=cost_data)):
+        response = await provider.handle_x_cashu_streaming_response(
+            content_str=content_str,
+            response=_make_httpx_response(),
+            amount=10000,
+            unit="msat",
+            max_cost_for_model=10000,
+            mint=None,
+            payment_token_hash=None,
+        )
+
+    chunks = await _collect_streaming(response)
+
+    full_output = "".join(chunks)
+    usage_line = next(
+        line for line in full_output.split("\n") if '"usage"' in line and "cost_sats" in line
+    )
+    data_json = json.loads(usage_line.lstrip("data: ").strip())
+    assert data_json["usage"]["cost_sats"] == 7  # 7000 // 1000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_streaming_non_usage_chunks_unmodified() -> None:
+    provider = _make_provider()
+    cost_data = _make_cost_data(total_msats=2000)
+
+    regular_chunk = {"id": "chatcmpl-123", "model": "gpt-4o", "choices": [{"delta": {"content": "hi"}}]}
+    usage_chunk = {"id": "chatcmpl-123", "model": "gpt-4o", "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 10}}
+    content_str = "\n".join([
+        f"data: {json.dumps(regular_chunk)}",
+        f"data: {json.dumps(usage_chunk)}",
+        "data: [DONE]",
+    ])
+
+    with patch.object(provider, "get_x_cashu_cost", new=AsyncMock(return_value=cost_data)):
+        response = await provider.handle_x_cashu_streaming_response(
+            content_str=content_str,
+            response=_make_httpx_response(),
+            amount=10000,
+            unit="msat",
+            max_cost_for_model=10000,
+        )
+
+    chunks = await _collect_streaming(response)
+
+    lines = [
+        line for line in "".join(chunks).split("\n")
+        if line.startswith("data: ") and line != "data: [DONE]"
+    ]
+    regular_line_data = json.loads(lines[0][6:])
+    # regular chunk should not have cost_sats injected
+    assert "cost_sats" not in regular_line_data.get("usage", {})

ui/.eslintrc.json

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "extends": [
-    "next",
-    "next/core-web-vitals",
-    "eslint:recommended",
-    "plugin:react/recommended",
-    "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended",
-    "prettier"
-  ],
-  "plugins": ["react", "@typescript-eslint"]
-}

ui/.gitignore

@@ -42,3 +42,4 @@ next-env.d.ts
 
 # favicon conflicts
 /app/favicon.ico
+.pnpm-store/

ui/.prettierignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pnpm-lock.yaml
+.next
+node_modules
+out
+next-env.d.ts

ui/app/balances/page.tsx

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
 
 import { useCurrencyStore } from '@/lib/stores/currency';
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
-import { AppSidebar } from '@/components/app-sidebar';
-import { SiteHeader } from '@/components/site-header';
-import { SidebarInset, SidebarProvider } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { DetailedWalletBalance } from '@/components/detailed-wallet-balance';
 import { TemporaryBalances } from '@/components/temporary-balances';
 import { fetchBtcUsdPrice, btcToSatsRate } from '@/lib/exchange-rate';
+import { AppPageShell } from '@/components/app-page-shell';
+import { PageHeader } from '@/components/page-header';
 
 export default function BalancesPage() {
   const { displayUnit } = useCurrencyStore();
@@ -22,39 +21,26 @@ export default function BalancesPage() {
   const usdPerSat = btcUsdPrice ? btcToSatsRate(btcUsdPrice) : null;
 
   return (
-    <SidebarProvider>
-      <AppSidebar variant='inset' />
-      <SidebarInset className='p-0'>
-        <SiteHeader />
-        <div className='container max-w-6xl px-4 py-8 md:px-6 lg:px-8'>
-          <div className='mb-8 flex flex-col gap-4 lg:flex-row lg:items-start lg:justify-between'>
-            <div>
-              <h1 className='text-3xl font-bold tracking-tight'>Balances</h1>
-              <p className='text-muted-foreground mt-2'>
-                Monitor and manage wallet balances
-              </p>
-            </div>
-            {/* Global currency toggle is now in SiteHeader */}
-          </div>
+    <AppPageShell contentClassName='mx-auto w-full max-w-5xl'>
+      <div className='space-y-6'>
+        <PageHeader
+          title='Balances'
+          description='Monitor and manage wallet balances across cashu mints and temporary stores.'
+        />
 
-          <div className='grid gap-6'>
-            <div className='col-span-full'>
-              <DetailedWalletBalance
-                refreshInterval={30000}
-                displayUnit={displayUnit}
-                usdPerSat={usdPerSat}
-              />
-            </div>
-            <div className='col-span-full'>
-              <TemporaryBalances
-                refreshInterval={60000}
-                displayUnit={displayUnit}
-                usdPerSat={usdPerSat}
-              />
-            </div>
-          </div>
+        <div className='grid gap-6'>
+          <DetailedWalletBalance
+            refreshInterval={30000}
+            displayUnit={displayUnit}
+            usdPerSat={usdPerSat}
+          />
+          <TemporaryBalances
+            refreshInterval={60000}
+            displayUnit={displayUnit}
+            usdPerSat={usdPerSat}
+          />
         </div>
-      </SidebarInset>
-    </SidebarProvider>
+      </div>
+    </AppPageShell>
   );
 }

ui/app/globals.css

@@ -1,13 +1,133 @@
 @import 'tailwindcss';
 @import 'tw-animate-css';
 
-@custom-variant dark (&:is(.dark *));
+@custom-variant dark (&:is(.dark *, .red *));
+
+:root {
+  --radius: 0.625rem;
+  --font-geist-sans:
+    ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica,
+    Arial, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji';
+  --font-geist-mono:
+    ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono',
+    'Courier New', monospace;
+  --card: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --card-foreground: oklch(0.145 0 0);
+  --popover: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.145 0 0);
+  --primary: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --secondary: oklch(0.97 0 0);
+  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --muted: oklch(0.97 0 0);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.556 0 0);
+  --accent: oklch(0.97 0 0);
+  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.577 0.245 27.325);
+  --border: oklch(0.922 0 0);
+  --input: oklch(0.922 0 0);
+  --ring: oklch(0.708 0 0);
+  --background: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.145 0 0);
+  --chart-1: oklch(0.646 0.222 41.116);
+  --chart-2: oklch(0.6 0.118 184.704);
+  --chart-3: oklch(0.398 0.07 227.392);
+  --chart-4: oklch(0.828 0.189 84.429);
+  --chart-5: oklch(0.769 0.188 70.08);
+  --sidebar: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0.145 0 0);
+  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.97 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --sidebar-border: oklch(0.922 0 0);
+  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.708 0 0);
+}
+
+.dark {
+  --background: oklch(0.145 0 0);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --card: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --card-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --popover: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --primary: oklch(0.922 0 0);
+  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --secondary: oklch(0.269 0 0);
+  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --muted: oklch(0.269 0 0);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.708 0 0);
+  --accent: oklch(0.269 0 0);
+  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.704 0.191 22.216);
+  --border: oklch(1 0 0 / 10%);
+  --input: oklch(1 0 0 / 15%);
+  --ring: oklch(0.556 0 0);
+  --chart-1: oklch(0.488 0.243 264.376);
+  --chart-2: oklch(0.696 0.17 162.48);
+  --chart-3: oklch(0.769 0.188 70.08);
+  --chart-4: oklch(0.627 0.265 303.9);
+  --chart-5: oklch(0.645 0.246 16.439);
+  --sidebar: oklch(0.205 0 0);
+  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.488 0.243 264.376);
+  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.269 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --sidebar-border: oklch(1 0 0 / 10%);
+  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.556 0 0);
+}
+
+.red {
+  --background: oklch(0.14 0.03 24);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.9 0.05 28);
+  --card: oklch(0.17 0.04 24);
+  --card-foreground: oklch(0.9 0.05 28);
+  --popover: oklch(0.17 0.04 24);
+  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.9 0.05 28);
+  --primary: oklch(0.78 0.14 25);
+  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.14 0.03 24);
+  --secondary: oklch(0.22 0.05 24);
+  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.9 0.05 28);
+  --muted: oklch(0.22 0.05 24);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.72 0.04 26);
+  --accent: oklch(0.25 0.08 25);
+  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.92 0.05 28);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.704 0.191 22.216);
+  --border: oklch(0.72 0.11 25 / 24%);
+  --input: oklch(0.75 0.12 25 / 28%);
+  --ring: oklch(0.62 0.12 24);
+}
+
+html.red {
+  color-scheme: dark;
+}
 
 @theme inline {
   --color-background: var(--background);
   --color-foreground: var(--foreground);
-  --font-sans: Geist, sans-serif;
-  --font-mono: Geist Mono, monospace;
+  --color-muted: var(--muted);
+  --color-accent: var(--accent);
+  --color-border: var(--border);
+  --color-card: var(--card);
+  --font-sans: var(--font-geist-sans);
+  --font-mono: var(--font-geist-mono);
+  --color-ring: var(--ring);
+  --color-input: var(--input);
+  --color-destructive: var(--destructive);
+  --color-accent-foreground: var(--accent-foreground);
+  --color-muted-foreground: var(--muted-foreground);
+  --color-secondary-foreground: var(--secondary-foreground);
+  --color-secondary: var(--secondary);
+  --color-primary-foreground: var(--primary-foreground);
+  --color-primary: var(--primary);
+  --color-popover-foreground: var(--popover-foreground);
+  --color-popover: var(--popover);
+  --color-card-foreground: var(--card-foreground);
+  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) - 4px);
+  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius) - 2px);
+  --radius-lg: var(--radius);
+  --radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) + 4px);
   --color-sidebar-ring: var(--sidebar-ring);
   --color-sidebar-border: var(--sidebar-border);
   --color-sidebar-accent-foreground: var(--sidebar-accent-foreground);
@@ -21,194 +141,34 @@
   --color-chart-3: var(--chart-3);
   --color-chart-2: var(--chart-2);
   --color-chart-1: var(--chart-1);
-  --color-ring: var(--ring);
-  --color-input: var(--input);
-  --color-border: var(--border);
-  --color-destructive: var(--destructive);
-  --color-accent-foreground: var(--accent-foreground);
-  --color-accent: var(--accent);
-  --color-muted-foreground: var(--muted-foreground);
-  --color-muted: var(--muted);
-  --color-secondary-foreground: var(--secondary-foreground);
-  --color-secondary: var(--secondary);
-  --color-primary-foreground: var(--primary-foreground);
-  --color-primary: var(--primary);
-  --color-popover-foreground: var(--popover-foreground);
-  --color-popover: var(--popover);
-  --color-card-foreground: var(--card-foreground);
-  --color-card: var(--card);
-  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) - 4px);
-  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius) - 2px);
-  --radius-lg: var(--radius);
-  --radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) + 4px);
-  --font-serif: Georgia, serif;
-  --radius: 0.5rem;
-  --tracking-tighter: calc(var(--tracking-normal) - 0.05em);
-  --tracking-tight: calc(var(--tracking-normal) - 0.025em);
-  --tracking-wide: calc(var(--tracking-normal) + 0.025em);
-  --tracking-wider: calc(var(--tracking-normal) + 0.05em);
-  --tracking-widest: calc(var(--tracking-normal) + 0.1em);
-  --tracking-normal: var(--tracking-normal);
-  --shadow-2xl: var(--shadow-2xl);
-  --shadow-xl: var(--shadow-xl);
-  --shadow-lg: var(--shadow-lg);
-  --shadow-md: var(--shadow-md);
-  --shadow: var(--shadow);
-  --shadow-sm: var(--shadow-sm);
-  --shadow-xs: var(--shadow-xs);
-  --shadow-2xs: var(--shadow-2xs);
-  --spacing: var(--spacing);
-  --letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing);
-  --shadow-offset-y: var(--shadow-offset-y);
-  --shadow-offset-x: var(--shadow-offset-x);
-  --shadow-spread: var(--shadow-spread);
-  --shadow-blur: var(--shadow-blur);
-  --shadow-opacity: var(--shadow-opacity);
-  --color-shadow-color: var(--shadow-color);
-  --color-destructive-foreground: var(--destructive-foreground);
+  --radius-2xl: calc(var(--radius) + 8px);
+  --radius-3xl: calc(var(--radius) + 12px);
+  --radius-4xl: calc(var(--radius) + 16px);
 }
 
-:root {
-  --radius: 0.5rem;
-  --background: oklch(0.99 0 0);
-  --foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --card: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --card-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --popover: oklch(0.99 0 0);
-  --popover-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --primary: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --primary-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --secondary: oklch(0.94 0 0);
-  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --muted: oklch(0.97 0 0);
-  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.44 0 0);
-  --accent: oklch(0.94 0 0);
-  --accent-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --destructive: oklch(0.63 0.19 23.03);
-  --border: oklch(0.92 0 0);
-  --input: oklch(0.94 0 0);
-  --ring: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --chart-1: oklch(0.81 0.17 75.35);
-  --chart-2: oklch(0.55 0.22 264.53);
-  --chart-3: oklch(0.72 0 0);
-  --chart-4: oklch(0.92 0 0);
-  --chart-5: oklch(0.56 0 0);
-  --sidebar: oklch(0.99 0 0);
-  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.94 0 0);
-  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --sidebar-border: oklch(0.94 0 0);
-  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --destructive-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --font-sans: Geist, sans-serif;
-  --font-serif: Georgia, serif;
-  --font-mono: Geist Mono, monospace;
-  --shadow-color: hsl(0 0% 0%);
-  --shadow-opacity: 0.18;
-  --shadow-blur: 2px;
-  --shadow-spread: 0px;
-  --shadow-offset-x: 0px;
-  --shadow-offset-y: 1px;
-  --letter-spacing: 0em;
-  --spacing: 0.25rem;
-  --shadow-2xs: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.09);
-  --shadow-xs: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.09);
-  --shadow-sm:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-md:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 2px 4px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-lg:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 4px 6px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-xl:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 8px 10px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-2xl: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.45);
-  --tracking-normal: 0em;
+body {
+  font-family: var(--font-sans);
 }
 
-.dark {
-  --background: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --card: oklch(0.14 0 0);
-  --card-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --popover: oklch(0.18 0 0);
-  --popover-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --primary: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --primary-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --secondary: oklch(0.25 0 0);
-  --secondary-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --muted: oklch(0.23 0 0);
-  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.72 0 0);
-  --accent: oklch(0.32 0 0);
-  --accent-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --destructive: oklch(0.69 0.2 23.91);
-  --border: oklch(0.26 0 0);
-  --input: oklch(0.32 0 0);
-  --ring: oklch(0.72 0 0);
-  --chart-1: oklch(0.81 0.17 75.35);
-  --chart-2: oklch(0.58 0.21 260.84);
-  --chart-3: oklch(0.56 0 0);
-  --chart-4: oklch(0.44 0 0);
-  --chart-5: oklch(0.92 0 0);
-  --sidebar: oklch(0.18 0 0);
-  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --sidebar-primary: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.32 0 0);
-  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
-  --sidebar-border: oklch(0.32 0 0);
-  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.72 0 0);
-  --destructive-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
-  --radius: 0.5rem;
-  --font-sans: Geist, sans-serif;
-  --font-serif: Georgia, serif;
-  --font-mono: Geist Mono, monospace;
-  --shadow-color: hsl(0 0% 0%);
-  --shadow-opacity: 0.18;
-  --shadow-blur: 2px;
-  --shadow-spread: 0px;
-  --shadow-offset-x: 0px;
-  --shadow-offset-y: 1px;
-  --letter-spacing: 0em;
-  --spacing: 0.25rem;
-  --shadow-2xs: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.09);
-  --shadow-xs: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.09);
-  --shadow-sm:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-md:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 2px 4px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-lg:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 4px 6px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-xl:
-    0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18), 0px 8px 10px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.18);
-  --shadow-2xl: 0px 1px 2px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.45);
+html,
+body {
+  max-width: 100%;
 }
 
 @layer base {
   * {
     @apply border-border outline-ring/50;
   }
+
   body {
     @apply bg-background text-foreground;
-    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-normal);
   }
-}
 
-/* Custom animations */
-@keyframes shimmer {
-  0% {
-    transform: translateX(-100%);
-  }
-  100% {
-    transform: translateX(100%);
+  button,
+  [type='button'],
+  [type='submit'],
+  [type='reset'],
+  [role='button'] {
+    cursor: pointer;
   }
 }
-
-.animate-shimmer {
-  animation: shimmer 2s infinite;
-}

ui/app/layout.tsx

@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import { Geist, Geist_Mono } from 'next/font/google';
+import { GeistMono } from 'geist/font/mono';
+import { GeistSans } from 'geist/font/sans';
 import './globals.css';
 import { Providers } from './providers';
 import { SuppressHydrationWarning } from '@/components/suppress-hydration-warning';
 
-const geistSans = Geist({
-  variable: '--font-geist-sans',
-  subsets: ['latin'],
-  preload: false,
-  display: 'swap',
-});
-
-const geistMono = Geist_Mono({
-  variable: '--font-geist-mono',
-  subsets: ['latin'],
-  preload: false,
-  display: 'swap',
-});
-
 export const metadata: Metadata = {
   title: 'Routstr',
   description: 'Routstr model management',
@@ -34,7 +21,7 @@ export default function RootLayout({
   return (
     <html lang='en' suppressHydrationWarning>
       <body
-        className={`${geistSans.variable} ${geistMono.variable} font-sans antialiased`}
+        className={`${GeistSans.variable} ${GeistMono.variable} font-sans antialiased`}
       >
         <SuppressHydrationWarning>
           <Providers>{children}</Providers>